Tourism can trace its ancestry in the old testament.

1. CHAPTER II
THE HISTORY OF TOURISM
AND
HOSPITALITY

2. HISTORY OF THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY

3. EARLY TOURISM
-Man has traveled since the earliest times
although the term “tourism” was used only in the
19th century.
“Tourism” is derived from the Hebrew word torah
which means studying, learning, or searching

4. -Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old
Testaments. Noah with his Ark must have been the
first large-scale operator even though his passengers
were mostly animals. There are numerous references
to caravans and traders in the Old Testaments.

5. Early tourism has two forms: travel for business
such as
•Travel for business such as trading
•religious travel.

6. TRAVEL FOR BUSINESS SUCH AS TRADING
• Merchants have traveled extensively in order to
trade with other nations or tribes.
• Sumerians facilitated travel and exchange goods
• The early Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as traders.
• Greeks and Romans were well known traders.

7. • The Greeks and the Romans were well- known traders and as their respective
empires increased, travel became necessary.
• There was also travel for private purposes like, the Olympic Games held in 776 BC
by the Greeks and the travel by rich Romans for enjoyment and to visit friends and
relatives.
• The Roman traveler was largely aided by improvement in communications, first-
class roads and inns. Employing relays of horses, distances of 100 miles or more
could be covered in one day.

8. RELIGIOUS TRAVEL
• Travel for religious reasons took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship such
as Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimage to Canterbury.
• Inthe14th century, Rome, Jerusalem and St. James of Galicia was the foremost
destination of English pilgrims.
• In 1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain and carry permits, the fore runner
for the modern passport

9. TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL
PERIOD
• Travel derived from the word travail, became burdens one, dangerous and
demanding.
• During the medieval period, travel declined. After the decline of Roman Empire in
the 5th century, roads were not maintained and became unsafe
• Thieves inflicted harm on those who travel. In this time, no one traveled for
pleasure.
• Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled

11. • According to Cosson, one of the historian said ‘A guide was paid a large fee
because he is not only led the way but also generated safe to the
travelers”eventually Tour Guide begun to be suitable and acceptable job.

12. TOURISM DURING THE
RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETH ERAS
• In the 16th century, travel became popularandafewrenowned universities
developed so that travel for education was introduced largely by the British.
Under Elizabeth I, young men seekingpositionsincourtwere encouraged to travel to
the continent to widen their education
• The education of a gentleman should be completed by a“Grand Tour”of the cultural
centers of the continent which lasted for three years.
• excursions were taken by the first class youth also called ‘Grand Tourists’ for
cultural and educational reasons.

13. • These tourists were expected to enrich their knowledge through long journeys while
being accompanied by a cicerone.
• The cicerone, named after Cicero the most esteemed guide in European society.
• The guide was expected to be well versed in many subjects, articulate and multi-
lingual.

14. TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
brought about major changes in the scale and type of tourism development .It brought
about not only technological changes, but also essential social changes that made
travel desirable as a recreational activities.

15. MODERN TOURISM
Tourism in the 19th Century
- there are two technological developments in the early part of the 19th
century had great effect on the growth of tourism
1. railway / railroads
2. steam power

16. Railway/ railroads
- created not only more businessby providing reliable and cheap
transportation, but also more competition as various private companies
invested heavily in hotels, reports, and entertainment facilities.
Steam power
- provided the increased mobility neede by the tourism business

17. THOMAS COOK
- His first excursion train trip was between LEICESTER and
LOUGHBOROUGH in 1841 with 570 passengers at a round-trip fare of one shilling.
- in 1866 he organized his first AMERICAN TOUR
- IN 1874 he introduced cricular notes

18. HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

19. EARLY HOSPITALITY / ANCIENT
HOSPITALITY
• It was around 40 BC according to experts when hospitality services for social and
religious gatherings were quite a common phenomenon.
• It was about this time that the Greeks came up with thermal baths that were
designed for recuperation and relaxation.
• These thermal baths are said to be the origin of what we know as modern-day Spa.
• Then came the Romans who provided accommodation for travellers on government
premises. Here, comfort and entertainment were the names of the game.

20. MEDIEVAL PERIOD FOR THE HOSPITALITY
INDUSTRY
• This was the era that started with English travel and excursions when they built inns
as their private residences.
• The nobility used to stay in the monasteries.
• In 1282 in Florence Italy, the great innkeepers integrated an association with the
aim of turning hospitality into a business in its own right. They had to garner a
permit to import and sell wine which later led to the spread of hospitality elsewhere.
• Then came into existence the caravanserais. These provided resting destinations
for the caravans along Middle Eastern routes along with the monasteries and
abbeys

21. THE NEW WORLD OF HOSPITALITY-
RENAISSANCE AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
• It was the period of the 16th century when the demand for inns and taverns
increased multiplefold.
• The first hospitality establishment as a hotel was built around this time. It was
named Hotel de Henry or Hotel de Salm and was built around 1788 (names have
changed over the years).
• However, the first hotel tag goes to Koshu Nishiyama Hotel in Japan which is said to
be over 1300 years old. The hotel is still accepting guests and has been run by the
same family for several generations.
• Like England and New York made taverns, Pennsylvania made inns, and the
Southern colonies formed ordinaries.
• Then came the era of Chefs like Escoffier and M.Boulanger who took the culinary
standards to altogether a different level.

22. NINETEENTH-CENTURY AND TWENTIETH-
CENTURY HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
• The history of the Hospitality industry also shows us some of the darker sides as the
industry goes on to absorb all shades of tourism.
• The hospitality industry as an organised industry was formed in the 1950s or 1960s
when a proper structure was formed.
• And, travellers always sought hospitable places to kick back and relax, away from
all the hustle and bustle of everyday routine.

23. • The Industrial Revolution, which began in the 1970s, facilitated the construction of
hotels in Europe, England, and America.
• The French and Italian veterans followed this trend of constructing hotels.
• Here’s a look at the Meadow’s Club built in the early 1930s as the first Hotel and
Casino in Las Vegas.

24. MODERN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
• The current modern hospitality industry is a mammoth
sector raking in trillions of US dollars in revenue each
year.
• most modern hotels feature clients` experience and
conveniences such as television, minibars, and en-suite
showers, they fulfil the same purpose as ancient inns but
with improved services.