The document discusses modification in English sentences. It defines modifiers as words that describe or provide additional information about other words. Modifiers should be placed near the words they modify. The structure of a noun phrase is described as having a headword or noun, which can be preceded or followed by modifiers like adjectives or prepositional phrases. Examples are provided to illustrate different types of modifiers and their placement in sentences.

1. English 8

2.  Use appropriate
modifiers and
expand sentences
through
modification
(ENG-IVa-15)

3. Adjectives are
modifiers.

4.  “Why is modification
important?”
 PURPOSE

5.  Modifiers should be
near the word or
words they modify.
 X dangling modifier

6. The loyal, hardworking Ruth obeyed her mother-in-law.
S TV O
*headwords
*modifiers
*noun modification structure

7. The rich, noble Boaz of the small village
of Bethlehem helped Ruth.
prepositional phrase
word modifiers

8. The noun
modification
structure consists
of a noun as the
headword and its
modifiers.
The headword may
be preceded or
followed by
modifiers.

9.  Word modifiers
generally come
before the
headword. These
preheadword
modifiers may be
adjectives or nouns.

10. 1. The great and
ceaseless labor in
vain.
2. The Chinese
mandarin was
desperate.
*preheadword modifiers

11.  Postnoun or
postheadword
modifiers follow
definite principles.
The common
postheadword
modifiers are the
prepositional phrase,
the participial
phrase, and the
infinitive phrase.

12.  the letter from the
king
 the shoe with
embroidery
 the Judge of Israel
 the grains in the field *preposition
*object

13.  The judge arrived.
 The judge of
Bethlehem arrived.
*The S-IV pattern

14.  Naomi went home.
 Naomi went home
with her beautiful
daughter-in-law.
*The S-TV-O pattern

15.  a dog washed with
soap and water
 a caramel corn
crunching in
sweetness
 the horse trotting
up to the fence
 the pipe clogged
with dog hair
*past or present participle

16.  I like bread.
 I like bread glazed
with sweet honey.
*past participle

17.  Dolores dodged
the jellyfish that
had washed
ashore.
 Walking on the
beach, Dolores
dodged the jellyfish
that had washed
ashore.
*present participle

18.  went home to relax a bit
 go camping to enjoy with
friends
 study well to pass the
subject
[to + simple form of the verb]

19.  Kelvin is taking
Anatomy and
Physiology this
semester.
 Kelvin is taking
Anatomy and
Physiology this
semester to
understand the
interplay of muscle
and bone in the
human body. *functions as adverb

20.  The best way is
stabbing your thigh
with a sharp pencil if
you are drifting off.
 The best way to
survive Dr. Hal’s
boring history
lectures is stabbing
your thigh with a
sharp pencil if you
are drifting off.
*functions as adjective

21.  Michelle has one
goal tonight.
 To finish her shift
successfully is
Michelle’s only goal
tonight.
*functions as noun

22.  Modification is
necessary for a
change and growth
or expansion.

23.  Apart from Christ,
our lives will never
change. Behavior
modification is
different from
transformation.