This document discusses different types of sentences including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It provides examples and definitions of each sentence type, and examines the basic elements of subjects and predicates. Key conjunctions and punctuation used in compound and complex sentences are also outlined. Exercises are included for students to analyze example sentences.

1. ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFECIENCY 1
Lecturer`s name
Dashima Bt Abdul Wahab
Group
Muhammad Rusydi bin Muhammad
Muhammad Hafiz Haqimi bin Ismail

2. Sentence Structure:
Sentence Types

3. Simple
Sentence
Types
Compound
Complex
Compound-
Complex

4. Basic Elements
of
Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE

5. BASIC ELEMENTS
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Jhon plays basketball.

6. SIMPLE SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Jhon plays basketball.
one subject one predicate

7. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Jhon and Roxy play basketball.
Compound Subject
&

8. SIMPLE SENTENCE
WITH COMPOUND SUBJECT
Jhon and Roxy play
basketball.

9. SIMPLE SENTENCE
play basketball and
swim.
Jhon and Roxy
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
&
&

10. SIMPLE SENTENCE
WITH COMPOUND SUBJECT
AND
COMPOUND PREDICATE
Jhon and Roxy play basketball and
swim.

11. COMPOUND
SENTENCE
 When two or more simple sentences are joined by a
coordinating conjunction or conjunctions.

12. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO

13. COMPOUND SENTENCE WITH
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
SUBJECT PREDICATE

14. COMPOUND SENTENCE
Jhon swims,
and
Roxy plays basketball.

15. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Jhon swims, and Roxy plays
basketball.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent

16. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Jhon swims, and Roxy plays
tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

17. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

18. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Neyo is handsome; moreover, he is
rich.
Clause 1
Independent
Clause 2
Independent

19. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Neyo is handsome; moreover, he is
rich.
Note: Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!

20. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS “FLOAT”
 Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating”
adverbs because they can be positioned at the
beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

21. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END
Neyo is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Neyo is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Neyo is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

22. Semicolons
 “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main
clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction,
you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little,
Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

23. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON
Amin has benefited from
his exercise program; he
is slim and energetic.

24. COMPLEX SENTENCE
 It is simple joined by a clause.

25. COMPLEX SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
SUBJECT PREDICATE

26. COMPLEX SENTENCE
Roy is popular
even though
he is ugly.

27. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating
conjunctions are "after,"
"although," "as," "because,"
"before," "how," "if," "once,"
"since," "than," "that," though,"
"till," "until," "when," "where,"
"whether,” and while."

28. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Roy is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent

29. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Roy is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent

30. EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES
 Gerald had to begun his thesis over again when his
computer crashed.
 After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more
independent.
 If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque will be
mailed on Tuesday.
 I wondered whether the homework was necessary (or
not).

31. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
 It is combination of compound and complex
sentence.

32. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
because
but

33. EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES
 The package arrived in the morning, but the courier left
before I could check the contents.
 Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and
understood the material.
 There are many problems to solve before this program
can be used, but engineers
believe that they will be able to solve them soon.

34. EXERCISES

35. ANALYZE THESE SENTENCES
1. Ottawa is the capital of Canada,
but Toronto is the capital of
Ontario.
2. Democracy is a noble goal; it is
important, however, to protect the
minority from the tyranny of the majority.

36. 3. Unless my girlfriend postpones
her visit from Calgary, I will not
have time to study for my exam.
4. Susanne wanted to be here, but
she cannot come because her car
is in the shop.

37. 5. The football game was cancelled
because it was raining.
6. The football game was cancelled
because of the rain.
7. The Island was filled with many trails
winding through the thick
underbrush, a small lake, and
dangerous wild pigs.

38. REFERENCES
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice
Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley,
Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and
Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.