The document discusses different ways to achieve unity and coherence in sentences. It provides tips for consistent use of tenses, number, person, subject, voice, mood, and language. It also explains how to avoid misplaced and dangling modifiers. Finally, it discusses different orders for organizing paragraphs, such as chronological, spatial, and order of importance.

1. UNITY

2. SENTENCE UNITY
Asentence has
unity if it
expresses only
one main idea.

3. HOW TO ACHIEVE
SENTENCE UNITY?

4. Consistent
Use of Tenses

5.  A verb in an
adverbial clause
generally agrees
with the tense of
the verb in the main
clause.

6. EXAMPLE:
We finished
our work before
we watched
“GGV”.

7.  The verb in the adjective
clause doesn’t need to
agree in the tense with
the verb in the main
clause when the two
actions are not
necessarily related in
time of occurrence.

8. EXAMPLE:
Ms. Dragona, who
was my teacher in
elementary, is now
in Antarctica.

9.  The verb takes the
present tense of the
verb if the idea being
expressed is a
universal truth or a
relatively permanent
condition.

10. EXAMPLE:
The sun rises
in the east.

11. Use the tense
form of the word
that tells the time
of action one
wishes to express.

12. EXAMPLE:
He was in
Manila last
week, but now
he is in Baguio.

13. Consistent
use of
Number

14. Avoid unnecessary
shifting from first
person to third
person or vice versa

15. EXAMPLE:
If
the students pass
their project on
time, they will
obtain a good mark.

16. Consistent
Use of Persons
of pronouns

17. Shifting persons of
pronouns will
destroy unity. The
pronouns must
agree with their
antecedents.

18. EXAMPLES:
Everybody is entitled
to his own opinion.
She is inviting us to
attend her
celebration.

19. Consistent
Use of
Subject

20. Donot shift
subject in a
sentence.

21. EXAMPLE:
Students stay up
late at night but the
projects are not
usually
accomplished.

22. Consistent
use of Voice

23. Voice is the aspect
of a verb that tells
whether the subject
performs or receives
the action.

24. EXAMPLES:
Active
The department chair held a
meeting and discussed some
important matters for the
upcoming seminar.
Passive
An inspirational message is given.

25. Consistent
use of Mood

26. Mood is an aspect of the
verb which indicates
whether the action or
condition is factual
(indicative) or contrary
to fact (subjunctive)

27. Consistent
use of
Language

28. Use the same language
throughout the
sentence. Avoid the use
of foreign terms and
phrases which have not
been incorporated into
the language.

29. COHERENCE

30. It means putting ideas
in logical order showing
their relationship with
one another. The
sentence elements
should be in proper
word order.

31. HOW TO ACHIEVE
COHERENCE IN
THE SENTENCE?

32. Avoid
misplaced and
dangling
modifier.

33. MISPLACED MODIFIER
a word or phrase that modifies
the wrong word.
Example:
Faulty: Listening to the radio, bits
of news are picked up by the
students.

34. DANGLING MODIFIER
A word that the verbal phrase
should logically modify is not the
sentence.
Example:
Faulty: To glean an information,
the channel is turned to
“Magandang Gabi Bayan”.

35. One-word
modifiers of nouns
are usually placed
before the nouns
they modify.

36. Phrase and clause
modifiers of nouns
are usually placed
immediately after
the words they
modify.

37. EXAMPLES:
The child, playing with his
playmates, called his
nursemaid to bring them
his toys.
I met the man who
painted this exquisite
artwork.

38. Phrase modifiers may
be placed at the
beginning of the
sentence that the noun
or pronoun that follows
is the subject of the
word modified.

39. EXAMPLE:
Having been guilty
of the accusations,
he finds way for his
way out.

40. Two phrases or clauses
which are parallel in
form and which modify
the same word may be
placed either before or
after the word they
modify.

41. EXAMPLE:
She is studying hard
because she wants to
please her parents
and because she aims
for higher grades.

42. Having gone to
Baguio and having
visited some of its
places, I wished to
have a house in one of
those places.

43. ORDER IN
PARAGRAPHS

44. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
itis time
order, the order
in which events
happen.

45. EXAMPLE:
Papier mache sculpture can be
made from a few items. First, cut
newspaper into one or two inch
strips. Then, dip the paper into a
mixture of water and white
paste. Finally, mold the strips
over a box, a hanger, or wadded
newspaper. The shape you create
will soon harden.

46. SPATIAL ORDER
one describes the
position of one part
or object in relation
to another.

47.  Entering city hall is like
traveling in a time machine.
Outside, the century old
marble steps and columns
greet you like an ancient
caretaker. But once inside the
majestic doors, you are met by
clicking typewriters and
beeping computers.

48. ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
One begins with the most
important details and end
with the least important
details. You can also begin
with the least important
and end with the most
important.

49. Example:
Glenda Almo was more fortunate
than the
motherless, fatherless, little child
scavenging for food on streets. She
had a father. She had a warm
house. - And she had a friend- her
grandmother. She was very old and
not strong, but she loved Glenda
and took care of her. Glenda’s
father was too busy to pay much
attention to her, but her
grandmother was always there