its an history chapter and ppt on rulers which rule in india.

4. TheEastIndiaCompanywasan
Englishcompanyformedfor theexploitation
of tradewithEastandSoutheastAsia
andIndia.Incorporatedby royalcharteron
December31, 1600,it wasstartedas a
monopolistictradingbody so thatEngland
couldparticipateintheEastIndianspice
trade.

5. EAST INDIA COMKPANY WAS THE NAME OF
SEVERAL HISTORICALS EUROPEAN COMPANIES
CHARTED WITH ASIA MORE SPECIALLY WITH I
INDIA
•DANISH EAST INDIA COMPANY FOUNDE IN 1616
•DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY FOUNDED IN 1602
•FRENCH EAST INDIA COMPANY FOUNDED IN 1664
•SWEDISH EAST INDIA COMPANY FOUNDED IN 1731
•PORTUGUESE EAST INDIA COMPANY FOUNDED IN
1628

9. The CarnaticWars (also spelled KarnaticWars)
were a series of military conflicts in the middle of
the 18th century in India. The conflicts involved
numerous nominally independent rulers and their
vassals, struggles for succession and territory, and
included a diplomatic and military struggle
between the FRENCH East India Company and
THE British East India Company.

17. The outbreak of the Seven years War in Europe in 1756
resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces
in India. The Third CarnaticWar spread beyond southern
India and into Bengal where British forces captured the
French settlement of Chandernagore (now Chandannagar) in
1757. However, the war was decided in the south, where the
British successfully defended Madras, and Sir Eyre
Coote decisively defeated the French, commanded by Comte de
Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash,
the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761.

20. The British wanted the control of the rich province of
Bengal. Alwardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal, was an able
administrator. He had followed a policy of keeping the
European merchants under control but after his death,
his grandson, Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab. The
British started extending the fortification of Calcutta
(now Kolkata). Meanwhile, Siraj-udDaulah’s troops took
over Calcutta. Robert Clive set out from Madras with an
army of 900 Europeans and 1,200 sepoys, armed and
trained in the European style of warfare and recaptured
Calcutta.

22. It was fought between the forces of East India Company under
Robert Clive and the army of Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey between
Calcutta and Murshidabad. Mir Jafar, who wanted to become the
Nawab, bribed Indian soliders to throw away their weapons. Clive
easily won the battle. The British consolidated their position in
Bengal by making Mir Jafar, the Nawab of Bengal. He gifted large
sums of money and 24 Parganas of Bengal to the British. But Mir
Jafar could not fulfil the constant demands of the British. So, they
installed his son-in-law, Mir Qasim, as the Nawab. He granted
equal trade facilities to the British and the Indian merchants. This
annoyed the British and they attacked him. Mir Qasim took
refuge at Awadh with Shuja-ud-Daulah where Mughal Emperor,
Shah Alam, was also taking refuge.

24. The Battle of Buxar was very important in the history of India. The East
India Company’s victory in this battle established British colonial rule in
Bengal Presidency and subsequent expansion of British control all over
India. Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, refused to be a puppet in the
hands of the British. He wanted complete control of Bengal. He wanted
to check the growing power of the officials of the East India Company. It
resulted in a conflict and led to the Battle of Buxar (now in Bihar). Battle
of Plassey Siraj-ud-Daulah The battle was fought between the British
East India Company led by Major Hector Munro and the armies of Mir
Qasim, Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor) and Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab
of Awadh) at Buxar. The battle was beneficial for the expansion of the
power of the East India Company. It gained the rule and the Diwani –
the right to collect the revenue from Bengal, which included Bihar and
Orissa (now Odisha).

26. Right to collect Diwani by the British began a Dual
Government in Bengal. The Nawab looked after the
administration and the Company controlled the army, the
judiciary and the revenue collection of Bengal. This
arrangement gave immense power to the British without
any responsibility. But the general public suffered.
Thousands of people died in the Bengal famine in 1770 but
the Company did not help the victims and the Nawab did
not have the resources. In 1772, Warren Hasting, Governor
of Bengal, abolished the Dual Government and gained the
complete control over Bengal.

28. After the death of the Raja of Mysore of the
Wodeyar dynasty in 1760, Hyder Ali became
the ruler of Mysore. He extended his territories
over Bednore, Sundre, Sera, Canara and Guti,
and also subjugated some parts of south India.
At this time, Warren Hasting faced stiff
resistance from the Marathas in the north and
Hyder Ali in Mysore.

30. Hyder Ali gained some success even against the British
and almost captured Madras. In 1767, the Nizam, the
Marathas and the English made a Triple Alliance
against Hyder Ali of Mysore as they were jealous of his
increasing power. But Hyder Ali beat the English at
their own game by making peace with the Marathas and
luring the Nizam with territorial gains. He attacked
Arcot. The British were shocked as they incurred heavy
losses. They had to sign a treaty of peace and mutual
help with Hyder Ali.

32. In 1780, the English wanted to attack the French at Mahe,
situated on the west coast of Mysore. Hyder Ali did not
permit it. Therefore, the English declared war against
Hyder Ali and his alliance with the Nizam and the
Marathas. Hyder Ali captured Arcot by defeating the
English army. The British broke the alliance. Inspite of that,
Hyder Ali gave a crushing defeat to the British. Hyder Ali
died but his son, Tipu Sultan, continued to fight against
the British. The battle concluded after the Treaty of
Mangalore in 1784 when both the parties decided to restore
each other’s conquered territories and set the prisoners
free.

34. Tipu Sultan, allied with the French and invaded the
nearby state of Travancore in 1789, which was a
British ally. The British were already looking for an
excuse to crush Tipu’s power. Hence, a war started
between the two, resulting in the defeat of Mysore.
The war ended after the siege of Srirangapattnam in
1792. Tipu was forced to sign the Treaty of
Srirangapattanam. Mysore had to handover half of
its territory to the British along with Tipu’s two sons
as war hostages.

36. When Lord Wellesley became the Governor-General of India in
1798, Tipu Sultan’s alliance with the French was seen as a
threat to the East India Company. As a result, Mysore was
attacked from all four sides. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the
Marathas launched an invasion from the north and the
British attacked from south, east and west. The British won a
decisive victory at Srirangapattanam in 1799. Tipu was killed
during the defence of the city. Much of the remaining Mysore
an territory was annexed by the British, the Nizam and the
Marathas. The remaining core, around Mysore and
Srirangapattanam, was restored to the Indian prince
belonging to the Wodeyar dynasty who ruled till 1947

39. The internal problems of the
Marathas and the growing
ambition of the English saw the
conflict of interests between the
British and the Marathas during
the period between 1775 to 1818.

41. British wanted to sign an alliance with
aspiring Peshwa, Raghunath Rao against
Madhav Rao II. The Maratha chieftains backed
Madhav Rao. The British provided 2,500 men
to Raghunath. He gave Salsette and Bassein to
the English along with a part of revenue from
Broach and Surat districts. The two sides
signed the Treaty of Salbai (1782). It gave the
British 20 years of peace with the Marathas.

43. In 1801, there was a conflict among the Marathas over
Peshwaship. Peshwa Baji Rao II entered the Subsidiary
Alliance with the British and got the British protection
against Jaswant Rao Holkar. The British troops drove
Holkar out. Peshwa Baji Rao signed a treaty with the
British. It was opposed by Maratha chieftains — the
Sindia and the Bhosale. This resulted in the Second Anglo-
Maratha War in 1803. The Maratha chiefs failed to unify
and were defeated by the well-equipped and disciplined
British army. The Bhosales and Sindias were forced to sign
treaties with the British and handover large territories.

45. Peshwa Baji Rao II did not like his subordinate position
under the British. He tried to unite the Maratha chiefs
against the British but failed. He was forced to
surrender. The British abolished the position of Peshwa
and Marathas were limited to the small kingdom of
Satara. This was the end of the mighty Maratha power.
Between 1814 to 1826, the British had to fight many wars
against Gurkhas in the North and the Burmese in the
North-East. The British signed peace treaties with them.

48. During this period, the Sikh power was growing in the North-
West region of Punjab. The British made a peace treaty with
Maharaja Ranjit Singh to check his growing power. After his
death, there was a lot of infighting amongst Sikhs. The Sikhs
had built up a strong army against the British and Afghan
aggressions. When the British attacked, the united forces of
Punjab— Hindu, Muslim and Sikh, faced the huge British
army bravely. But Prime Minister Lal Singh and Commander
Tej Singh turned traitors and the Punjab army was defeated.
They were forced to sign the Treaty of Lahore. The British
occupied Jullander Doab and handed Jammu and Kashmir to
Raja Gulab Singh Dogra.

50. The British wanted a complete control of
Punjab by ending the Sikh Kingdom. The
immediate cause of this war was the exile of
Lal Singh on charges of conspiracy. Lord
Dalhousie, the greatest annexationist, attacked
Punjab and made it a part of British India in
1849. The British started consolidating their
power by limiting the powers of the Indian
princes and building a stronger army in India.