The judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. ... The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system in which customs, securities and legislation, all codify the law of the land. The Constitution of India secures justice to all its citizens apart from securing liberty, equality, and promoting fraternity. Indian democracy the Supreme Court plays important role of safe­guarding the fundamental rights of citizens which includes provid­ing fair justice also.

1. Grade 8- Civics – 5. Judiciary
Prepared By: Navya Rai

2. What is Judiciary?
The judiciary is a
system of courts which
interpret and apply the
law. ...
The Indian
Judiciary administers a
common law system in
which customs,
securities and
legislation, all codify
the law of the land.
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3. importance of Judiciary in
India
The Constitution of India
secures justice to all its citizens
apart from securing liberty,
equality, and promoting
fraternity.
Indian democracy the Supreme
Court plays important role of
safeguarding the fundamental
rights of citizens which
includes providing fair justice
also.
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4. Role of Judiciary in India
Dispute Resolution
Judicial Review
Upholding the Law and Enforcing
the Fundamental Rights
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5. Dispute Resolution
Among
citizens
Citizen and
government
Two state
government
The Centre
and the
state
government
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6. Judicial Review
Judiciary has the power to strike
down particular laws passed by the
Parliament, if it believes that these
are a violation of the basic
structure of the Constitution. This
is called judicial review.
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7. Upholding the Law and
Enforcing Fundamental Rights
Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme
Court or the High Court if they believe that their
Fundamental Rights have been violated.
The judiciary has the power to pass laws if it
feels that the fundamental rights of a Citizen or
state in question.
The judiciary can pass a law stating that no
teacher can beat a student.
It can ensure sharing of river water between
states.
It can also punish people for particular crimes.
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8. What is an Independent
Judiciary?
• Other branches of government –
the legislature and the executive – cannot interfere in
the work of the judiciary.
• The courts are not under the government and do not
act on their behalf.
• Independence of the judiciary allows the courts to play
a central role in ensuring that there is no misuse of
power by the legislature and the executive.
• Independence of the judiciary also plays a crucial role
in protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens.
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9. Structure of Courts in India
• There are three different levels of courts in
India.
Supreme
High Court
District Court
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10. Supreme court
• Supreme Court is at the
top-level. The decisions
made by the Supreme Court
are binding on all other
courts in India.
• The Chief Justice of India
and 25 other Judges make
up the Supreme court of
India. Appointments
directly done by President
of India.
• Biggest responsibility is that
highest court to appeal and
protector of constitution.
Address: Tilak Marg, Mandi House,
New Delhi, Delhi 110001
Established: 26 January 1950
Motto: यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः॥ (IAST:
Yato Dharmastato Jayaḥ); Where
there is righteousness (dharma),
there is victory (jayah)
Chief Justice of India: Sharad
Arvind Bobde
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11. High court
High Court: Each state has a
High Court which is the highest
court of that state.
High courts works under the
Supreme court of India.
Most of the cases that are handled
by the High courts of the country
are passed on from the lower
courts.
The Judges of the High Courts are
appointed by the President of
India with the consultations of
chief justice of India and Governor
of the state.
Address: Sarkhej -
Gandhinagar Hwy, Sola,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
380060
Founded: 1 May 1960
Current Chief
Justice:
Vikram Nath
Gujarat High Court
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12. District court
District courts in India
take care of the judicial
matters of the District
level.
These courts are headed by
a Judge.
They are administratively
and judicially controlled
by the high courts of their
states.
There are many secondary
courts which are works
under district courts.
Surat District Court
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13. Different Branches of the Legal
System
Indian legal system deals with civil and criminal cases
Branches of
Legal System
Criminal
Law
Civil Law
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14. Different Branches of the Legal
System
Criminal Law Civil Law
Deals with conduct or acts that
the law defines as offences. Eg:
Theft, harassing a woman,
dowry, murder.
Deals with any harm or injury
to the rights of individuals. Eg:
Disputes relating to sale of land,
purchase of goods, rent matters,
divorce cases.
It usually begins with the
lodging of a First Information
Report (FIR) with the police
who investigate the crime after
which a case is filed in the
court.
A petition has to be filed before
the relevant court by the
affected party only.
If found guilty, the accused can
be sent to jail and also fined.
The court gives the specific
relief asked for.
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15. Does Everyone Have Access to
the Courts?
• All citizens of India can access the courts in
this country.
• Legal procedures involve a lot of money and
paperwork as well as take up a great deal of
time.
• In response to this, the Supreme Court in the
early 1980s devised a mechanism of Public
Interest Litigation or PIL to increase access to
justice.
• It allowed any individual or organisation to
file PIL in the Court on behalf of those whose
rights were being violated.
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16. Judiciary has played a crucial
role in democratic India,
serving as a check on the
powers of the executive and the
legislature as well as in
protecting the Fundamental
Rights of citizens.
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