The presentation on disease management in aquaculture is prepared for academic purpose. Farmers and entrepreneurs make sure that the proposed drug is permissible in their country. Make sure that you contact experts before you implement them.

1. KVAFSU
Disease Management
in Aquaculture
Dr Shivaumar Magada
Professor and Head
Fisheries Research and Information Centre,
Hebbal, Bangalore, India
shivakumarmagada@gmail.com
+91-99457 83906

2. KVAFSU
Types of diseases
Bacterial Infections: Inactivity, loss of
color, frayed fins, bloated body, cloudy
eyes, open sores, abscesses, red
streaks throughout body, reddening or
inflammation of the skin, fins or
internal organs, bulging eyes, difficulty
breathing.
Parasitic Infections: Inactivity, loss of
appetite, excess mucus or film on body,
visible spots or worms, rapid breathing,
scratching.
Fungal Infections
(often secondary to
another type of
illness):Erratic
swimming, darting,
scratching, visible
cotton-like tufts on
skin, eyes, or mouth.
Non-infectious
diseases: because of
abiotic stress and
deficiencies

3. KVAFSU
Common diseases in fish

4. KVAFSU
Percentage of causative agents

5. KVAFSU
Red disease-bacterial infection
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Reddening all
over body
Often caused by
Aeromonas
hydrophila
KMnO4 -one time as a
bath at 2 mg/l

6. KVAFSU Henneguya saminicola
cysts in the muscle
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Cysts in the
muscle
Cysts caused
by Henneguya
ictaluri or H.
saminicola
Presently no treatment

7. KVAFSU
Myxosporiasis
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Fish exhibit numerous
white cysts on the skin and
gills.
The myxosporidean
parasite Henneguya.
This disease is fairly difficult to
treat. Increased aeration in
combination with merbromin baths
is the only current method for
treatment.

8. KVAFSU
Columnaris
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Grayish-white film
on skin, damaged
fins, ulcers, yellow
to gray patches on
gills, tissue on head
may be eaten
away.
Columnaris (Cotton
Wool Disease)
Must be treated
immediately with Over-
the-counter antibiotic
medications. Very
contagious ,disinfect
tank, nets, etc.

9. KVAFSU
Fin Rot
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Ragged or
decaying fins.
Finrot Check pH and correct as
needed. If level is normal,
use OTC antibiotic for fin or
tail rot.

10. KVAFSU
Zoothamnium and Saprolegnia
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
White cotton-
like patches on
fins, body, or
mouth.
True Fungus
(Saprolegnia)
OTC medication
for fungus.
Check for
symptoms of
other illnesses.
Winter wear

11. KVAFSU
Fouling
Summer wear

12. KVAFSU
Ich
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Scratching, white
salt-like spots
starting on head
and spreading over
whole body, rapid
breathing,
cloudiness on eyes
or fins.
Ich
(Ichthyophthirius
multifiliis ) very
common in FW
fish
OTC medication for
Ich or Ick.

13. KVAFSU
Cloudy Eye
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Cloudy white
appearance to
one or both
eyes.
Cloudy Eye Check for symptoms
of another illness like
velvet, ich, or
tuberculosis. Treat
with OTC medication.

14. KVAFSU
Squirrel fish with exophthalmia
Streptococcal infections
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Pop eye and cloudy
white appearance
to one or both
eyes.
Exophthalmia-
Streptococcal
infections
Salt treatment
followed by
antibiotics

15. KVAFSU
Lernea
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Small string-
like worms
visible on fish,
or burrowed in
skin.
Anchor
Worm
Over-the-counter
medication for
parasites.

16. KVAFSU
Treatment for Argulus
§ Organophosphates, potassium permanganate (2-5 mg/l
bath)
§ Dimilin (0.01 mg/l, bath)
§ Organophosphates, usually 2-3 doses at one week intervals, are
needed to treat the emerging larvae and juveniles.
§ Trichlorfon (0.25 mg/lt at temperatures below 27 0C, or with 0.50
mg/lt above 27 0C). The bath was repeated twice a week and was
found to be effective.

17. KVAFSU
Ulcerative Disease
§ Fungal disease caused by
Aphanomyces invadans
§ Ulcers, extensive erosions filled with necrotic tissue
and mycelium followed by the development of
granulomas
§ Eradication, GAP, biosecurity

18. KVAFSU
Mycobacterium marinum

19. KVAFSU
Tumour

20. KVAFSU
• Excess manure increases the bloom

21. KVAFSU
Environmental diseases of Fish
§ Chlorine and Other Toxicants
§ Dissolved Gases
§ Nitrogenous Compounds
§ Carbonate Compounds
§ Salinity

22. KVAFSU
Non infectious diseases
§ Cotton wool/milk shrimp disease: caused by
protozoan
§ Black death due to Vit. C deficiency
§ Abdominal cramp for unknown reason
§ Muscular necrosis due to low dissolved
oxygen

23. KVAFSU
Deformities
• Deformities are not always linked to nutritional
deficiencies; sometimes it is also due to parasitic
attack at the early age

24. KVAFSU Treatment
§ Ich/ Trichodinids –formalin (100-150 ppm) dip for 1 h or 10-30 ppm
for long bath; Salt 2.5%- 5 min. or KMnO4-1-2 ppm long bath or 100
ppm-5min.
§ Myxobolids: Lime 1 Kg/m2 or chlorine
§ Gill flukes: Formalin-100-150 ppm-1hr; Methylene blue-5-10 ppm
long bath;Nuvon-0.1-0.5 ppm long bath
§ Digeneans: CuSo4-0.7 ppm; lime 300 Kg/ha
§ Leeches: Lime; Dip in lime solution (400 ppm-long bath);salt-
2.5%;Nuvan-0.1-0.5 ppm-long bath)
§ Lernaea/Argulus-Salt-3-5% -1 min.,KMnO4-25 ppm-15-30 min. ;
formalin-200 ppm -1 h; Nuvon or Butox-1ml/100 m3
§ Bacterial- OTC/CTC-10-20 ppm dip -30 min. 50-100 mg/kg feed
§ Fungal – Malachite green-50-100 ppm-1 min. 1% sol. Swab-topical;
Cuso4 50 ppm-10 min.; KMnO4-10 ppm -30-60 min; salt-2.5%-10 min.

25. KVAFSU
Predators

26. KVAFSU
General Management Strategies
• Pond drying
• Stocking disease free seeds
• Protective nets
• Water quality management

27. KVAFSU Feeding Trays

28. Thank You