.. preventive measures in dog cat

1. Lesson: Preventive Health
Programs
Unit – Veterinary Foundations
Course – Veterinary Science
Mr. Dieckhoff

2. Vaccinations
The Immune System
Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWMJIMzsE
Mg&p=40E41A9D4B85C861&index=31
Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

3. Vaccinations
 Types
 Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical
 Advantages – do not replicate
 Disadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of
allergic reactions
 Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild
(attenuation – changing disease)
 Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is required
 Disadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for
12-24 hours
Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful

4. Vaccinations
Maternal Antibodies
Colostrum
Temporary (only 6-8 weeks)
Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because
clash with maternal antibodies
Very important to make sure mothers are up to
date with vaccinations

5. Canine Diseases & Vaccinations
DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper
Combination)
Distemper
Hepatitis
Leptospirosis
Parainfluenza
Parvo
Corona (C or CV)

6. Distemper
 Attacks Respiratory
and Neurological
Systems
 Symptoms –
thick discharge from
eye
High fever
Leads to death
Spread by raccoon, foxes,
coyotes, other dogs

7. Hepatitis (Type 2)
 Infectious Canine
Hepatitis
 Attacks liver and
kidneys
 Symptoms –
High Fever
Loss of appetite
Extreme Lethargy
Leads to death

8. Leptospirosis
 Microscopic corkscrew
bacteria
 Spread through urine
 Common in rural areas
around livestock
 Symptoms –
 Loss of apetite
 Fever
 Vomiting
Leads to Death
Vaccinate has large side
effects

9. Parainfluenza
 Attacks respiratory
system
 Combines with
Bordetella
 Contagious in poor air
circulation
 Symptoms –
Persistent cough

10. Parvo
 Most commonly seen
(especially in 1970s)
 Attacks digestive
system
 Transmitted through
stool
 Symptoms –
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
Kills lining of small
intestine

11. Corona (C or CV)
 Mild case of Parvo
 Symptoms
Diarrhea without blood

12. Rabies
 Concentrates in saliva
 Ends in brain
(paralysis/death)
 Transmitted by foxes,
skunks, bats, coyotes
 Symptoms –
Cannot swallow
Large amount of saliva
Aggressive temper

13. Bordetella (Kennel Cough)
 Not deadly, but easily
spread
 Common in kennels,
dog shows, groomers
 Symptoms –
Deep cough
Vaccines – injectable and
intranasal

14. Lyme Disease
 Transmitted by ticks
 High in hunting dogs
 Symptoms –
Fever
Lameness
Swollen Joints

15. Giardia
 Protozoan found in
stagnant water
supplies
 Symptoms –
Severe diarrhea
Rancid Odor

16. Cat Diseases and Vaccines
FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine)
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
Calicivirus
Panleukopenia
Chlamydia (optional)

17. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
 Symptoms –
Sneezing
Discharge from eyes
and nose
Lifelong symptoms

18. Calicivirus
 Cause oral ulcers
 Symptoms –
Cold-like
Pneumonia

19. Panleukopenia
 Feline distemper
 Spread by water,
urine, fleas
 Symptoms –
Loss of appetite
Lethargy
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
Abortion

20. Chlamydia
 Symptoms –
Severe eye infection
Sneezing

21. Rabies (RV)
 Same as dogs

22. Feline Leukemia - FeLV
 Inhibits immune
system
 Caused by facial
contact
 Symptoms will show
secondary disease

23. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
 Transmitted by fecal
matter
 Ascites (bloated) –
fluid build up in belly
 Given Intranaselly
 Symptoms –
Fever
Weight Loss

24. Vaccine Schedules
 Vaccinating a Puppy
 Start 6-8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming,
1st puppy shot
 Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks
 Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks)
 Vaccinating an Adult Dog
 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4 wks apart
 Rabies start at 12-16 wks of age, repeat every 1-3 years
 Vaccinating a Cat
 3-4 week interval
 Start at 7-9 weeks of age
 Finish kitten vaccines at 12-16 wks of age

25. Tips to Handling Vaccines
1. Always keep refrigerated
2. Always use new needles or syringes
3. Always reconstitute properly
4. Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to
withdrawing
5. Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines
6. Never mix inappropriate vaccines
7. Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area
8. Inject vaccine slowly
9. Rub injected area
10. Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of
vaccination

26. Hearthworm Prevention
 An infection of
Dironfilaria Immitic
 Spaghetti-like worm
 Live in Blood Stream
 Symptoms –
Coughing
Weigh-Loss
Labored Breathing
Spitting Up Blood
Death

27. Heartworm Prevention
 See handout

28. 1. What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called?
2. Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response?
3. What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy?
4. Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for
a day or so?
5. List a prominent symptom of each disease:
 Distemper
 Parvo
 Rabies
6. Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs?
7. How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another?
8. Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to
people?
9. At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination?
10. Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance?
11. How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat?
12. FIP, if given, is administered in what location?
13. Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or
puppy?
14. How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination
series?
15. At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series?
16. If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been
vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for
additional boosters?
17. When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats?
Review Questions
– 17 Pts