Low cost housing techniques

1. LOW COST
HOUSING

2.  Low Cost housing means the total
construction cost of houses (buildings)
is minimum (low) by using proper
materials, methods, techniques ,etc.

3. The building construction cost
can be divided into two parts
namely:
1) Building material cost
2) Labour cost

4. Building
Material
cost : 65
to 70 %
Labour
cost : 30
to 35 %
Total
Building
construction
cost

5. CONCEPT OF LOW COST
HOUSING
Low Cost Housing Aims to reduce the
cost of construction and at the same
time do not sacrifice any element of
safety or serviceability of the house
over the life cycle.

6.  In low cost housing, building material
cost is reduced because we make use of the
locally available & low cost materials.
 Also the labour cost can be reduced by
properly making the time schedule of our
work.
 Cost reduction is achieved by selection
of more efficient material or by an improved
design.

7. FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH
BUILDING COSTS
 Expensive materials
 Lack of necessary building skills
 Lack of guidelines in selection of appropriate
building practices
• Designs
• Materials
• Methods
• equipment

8. Various aspects for cost reduction
 Optimization of land use
 Functional design of buildings
 Optimum use of building materials
 Rationalization of specifications
 New construction materials and techniques

9. Factors affecting Choice of Materials
and Technologies
• Scale (Quantity) of construction
• Availability of skilled labour
• Availability/suitability of raw materials
• Cost variation with conventional materials
• Assortment based on geo-climatic conditions
• Environmental aspects
• Disaster-resistant requirements
• Acceptability by people

10. Technology Selection Criteria
• Saving in cost, initial as well as recurring.
• Saving in consumption of imported or scare
materials, even if no saving in cost is achieved.
• Saving in time of construction.
• Utilization of waste materials even if no saving is
achieved.

11. Technology Selection Criteria
• Saving in quantum of skilled labour even if no
saving in cost is achieved.
• Achieving better utilization of equipment but not
necessary leading to optimum saving in cost.
• Better utilization of space.
• Better layout for economy in external services

12. USE OF
WASTE
PRODUCTS

13. Natural Fibres and Agro-Wastes in
Building Materials
SR. NO. Waste source
Commercial
product using
natural fibre &
agro-waste
Traditional
resource
fully or
partly saved
1 Coir fibre coir industry
Coir fibre-cement
roofing sheet &
panels
Asbestos
2 Rice husk rice mill
Rick-husk-
building
board,timber
board
cement Resin-
bonded particle
3
Jute fibre door
and window
jute mills
Jute-fibre-
polymer bonded
panel
Timber, metal
4 Cotton waste textile mills
Cotton-lint-
cement bonded
board
cement Gypsum,
timber

14. Natural Fibres and Agro-Wastes in
Building Materials
SR. NO. Waste source
Commercial
product
using
natural fibre
& agro-
waste
Traditional
resource
fully or
partly saved
5 Bagasse sugar mills
Bagasse-
polymer-bonded
boards
Timber fibres (in
insulation board)
6 Corn cobs corn mill
Corn cobs-
cement bonded
boards
Timber, polymer
7 Sisal fibre sisal plant
Sisal fibre-
polymer/ cement
bonded roofing
sheet, door,
window
Asbestos fibre,
Timber

15. Natural Fibres and Agro-Wastes in
Building Materials
SR. NO. Waste source
Commercial
product
using
natural fibre
& agro-
waste
Traditional
resource
fully or
partly saved
8
Rice straw &
wheat straw
farms
Compressed and
paper covered
board
Timber,Polymer
9 Banana fibre banana plant
Banana fibre
cotton pulp/paper
pulp and polymer
insulation boards
Timber, light
weight mineral
viz. vermiculite or
mica

16. potential use of Industrial wastes
SR. NO. Industrial wastes Source
Particulate composite
in which used
1 Fly ash Thermal power plants Aggregate, cement, brick,
2 Blast furnace slag Steel plants Aggregate, cement, brick,
3 Byproduct gypsum
Phosphoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid plants
Gypsum plaster, boards,
cement additive
4 Mine tailings
Cu,Zn, Ni, Sn ore
beneficiation
Blended cement, filler in

17. potential use of Industrial wastes
SR. NO. Industrial wastes Source
Particulate
composite in
which used
5 Byproduct lime sludge
Sugar, paper, leather,
acety lime plants
Lime, masonry
cement, mortar,
plaster
6 Laterite waste
Cutting of laterite
blocks
Building block,
aggregate
roads
7 Metallurgical slag Alloys plants
Aggregate, blended
cement bricks and
blocks
8
Broken glass &
ceramics
Glass, ceramic, brick
plants
Aggregate, flooring,
roofing

18. Potential use of Industrial wastes
SR. NO.
Industrial
wastes
Source
Particulate
composite in
which used
9 Stone quarry waste Stone quarry
Blocks, aggregate,
flooring paving
10 Limestone waste
Limestone
quarrying and lime
kilns
Aggregate, flooring,
masonry cement,
blocks

19. Characteristics of Low Cost
Building Materials –
1. Easy to manufacture
2. Easy affordability
3. Easy Erection/commissioning
4. Faster & cheaper construction
5. Effective Waste utilization
6. Energy efficient and Environment friendly

20. BUILDING MATERIALS
• Calcium Silicate Bricks
• Fly ash–Lime Bricks
• Clay–Fly ash Bricks
• Clay Flooring Tiles
• Burnt Clay Flat Terracing Tiles
• Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards

21. Calcium Silicate Brick

22. BUILDING COMPONENTS
• Precast Solid Cement Concrete Blocks
• Precast Concrete Stone Masonry Blocks
• Hollow & Solid Light Weight Concrete
Masonry Units
• Precast Reinforced Concrete Door and
Window Frames
• Ferrocement Door Shutters
• Ferrocement Roofing Channels
• Precast Ferrocement Water Tanks
• Precast Concrete Manhole Covers & Frames
• Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheets

23. Ferrocement

24. BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES
• Precast Channel Unit for Flooring/Roofing
• Precast Reinforced Concrete Joist & Plank system for
Flooring/Roofing
• Thin R.C. Ribbed Slab for Floors and Roofs
• Precast Concrete Waffle Units for Floors and Roofs
• Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete L Panals for Roofs
• Precast Doubly–Curved Shell Units for Floors and
Roofs
• Precast Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete Ribbed or
Cored Slab Units for Floors & Roofs
• Reinforced Brick and Reinforced Brick Concrete Slabs
for Floors and Roofs
• Prefabricated Brick Panel for Floors Roofs

25. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative /
Cost Effective Building Materials/
Technologies
SR NO
COST-
EFFECTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
IN PLACE OF
CONVENTIONAL
OPTIONS
% OF SAVING
1
85 mm thick
sloping RCC
RCC 110 mm 30
2
RCC planks
over RCC
joists
RCC 10
3
Ferrocement
shell roofing
RCC 40
4
RCC door
frames
Timber
Frames
30

26. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative /
Cost Effective Building Materials/
Technologies
SR NO
COST-
EFFECTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
IN PLACE OF
CONVENTIONAL
OPTIONS
% OF SAVING
5
Frameless
doors (only
inserts)
Frames and
shutters
50
6
Ferrocement
door shutters
Timber
shutters
(second class
timber)
30
7
RCC window
frames
Timber frames 30
8 RCC jallies
Timber
windows/ventil 50

27. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative /
Cost Effective Building Materials/
Technologies
SR NO
COST-
EFFECTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
IN PLACE OF
CONVENTIONAL
OPTIONS
% OF SAVING
9
Precast thin
lintels
RCC lintels 25
10
Precast
sunshades
Cast
sunshades
30
11
Ferrocement
sun shades-
cum- lintel
RCC lintel-
cum-
sunshades
50
12
Brick arch for
lintels
RCC lintels 30

28. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative /
Cost Effective Building Materials/
Technologies
SR NO
COST-
EFFECTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
IN PLACE OF
CONVENTIONAL
OPTIONS
% OF SAVING
13
Precast RCC
shelves units
Timber/concret
e
20-35
14
Precast
Ferrocement
shelves
Timber/concret
e
35-45
15
Ferrocement
manhole
covers
steel /concrete 50-40
16
Ferrocement
water tank
Rigid PVC 60

29. Demonstration Houses in
BANGALORE
No. of Dwelling Units-252
Unit covered area-275 sq.ft.
Cost per Unit-Rs.60,000
Technologies Used
Concrete Blocks
•Filler Slab Roof
•Wood alternate Doors

30. Demonstration Houses
NAGPUR
No. of Dwelling Units-70
Unit covered area-194 sq.ft
Cost per Unit-Rs.50,000
Technologies used
•Fly Ash Blocks
•Filler slab Roof
•Ferro Cement and Fly Ash
Polymer Doors

31. Demonstration Houses
DEHRADUN, Uttranchal
No. of Dwelling Units
100
Unit covered area
194 sq.ft
Cost per Unit
Rs.45,000
Technologies used
•Solid/Hollow Concrete Blocks
•Pre cast Plank & Joist Roof
•RCC Door frame
•Wood substitute Doors

32. Demonstration Houses
in BILASPUR, Chhatisgarh
No. of Dwelling Units
100
Unit covered area
194 sq.ft.
Cost per Unit
Rs.40,000
Technologies Used
•Fly Ash Bricks
•Pre cast Plank & Joist Roof
•RCC Door frame

33. Demonstration Houses
in Kudalu, Bangalore
No. of Dwelling Units
70
Unit covered area
194 sq.ft.
Cost per Unit
Rs.60,000
Technologies Used
•Solid/Hollow Concrete Blocks
•Filler slab Roof
•Ferro Cement and Fly Ash Polymer
Doors

34. Construction of demonstration
structures using bamboo materials
in Mizoram and Tripura

35. Construction of demonstration
structures using bamboo materials
in Mizoram and Tripura
Salient Features of the Structures
• Bamboo posts
• Bamboo grid ferrocement walls
• Bamboo trusses and purlins
• Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheet Roofing

36. References
 http://www.engineeringcivil.com/low-cost-
housing.html
 http://slideplayer.com
 http://www.bmtpc.org/

37. THANK YOU!