2. Building materials account for ~60 to 70% of the
cost of housing construction
A constant rise in cost of conventional building
materials
Construction cost is way beyond the affordable
limits of the majority
3. Leading modern (conventional building ): cement,
concrete, steel,
bricks and wood
Affordability????
Alternative (low cost) materials and technologies
are sought for
Low cost materials??
4.
5. Not sub-standard
Materials available / developed locally
Cost reducing modern materials with technologies
Energy efficient
Environment friendly
Employment generating
7. Serve the basic need of the majority of the population
Have very useful properties – however, modification in
the production process and application technique is
needed – for better structural and functional acceptance.
8. Obtained by using modern technologies
Results of research but have to be adopted to
indigenous requirements
10. Cost of a Building = Material + Labor + Equipment/Machine/Tools +
Others (Overhead + profit)
a systematic design and construction in usage of construction
materials used in a building without compromising quality,structural safety and
functional requirements of the building.
Building material cost:60-70%
Labour cost:25-35%
11. Indigenous building materials have been used
extensively for building houses at affordable cost.
They are easily available locally at little or no cost
and local people are conversant with the
technology of using them for construction of houses
largely through self-help
12. Organic Materials Include widely used materials
such as grasses and leaves, husks, and straws,
reeds and bamboos, and wood and wood products
which are vulnerable to early decay and insect
attack.
13. Inorganic materials include commonly used
materials like soils and laterite, burnt clay bricks
and tiles, building lime and clay pozzolana, stones,
and sands.
As a result of research work done improved use of
these materials for construction of low-cost houses
has been made for achieving economy.
14. Includes buildings (or elements) where the
majority of the structural components are
standardized and produced in plants in a location
away from the building.
Manufactured by industrial methods based on
massproduction – shorter time – low cost
16. Optimization of land use
Functional design of buildings
Optimum use of building materials
Rationalization of specifications
New construction materials and techniques
20. Aesthetics and luxury should be less.
Simple rectangular plan
Minimize staircase and circulation area
Optimum storey height- building height
Optimum opening areas- windows, doors ,skylights etc.
21. Standard material dimensions and equipment
modules limit waste and labor, reducing costs by at
least 10 percent
24. Access to employment areas, services and facilities
within convenient walking distance of housing.
25. household expenditure on
electricity
gas
water
Energy efficient housing designs can reduce
consumption of these utility services and thereby
household costs.
26. Modular construction is a process in which a
building is constructed off-site, under
controlled plant conditions, using the same
materials and designing to the same codes
and standards as conventionally built facilities
27. The factory-controlled process generates less
waste, creates fewer site disturbances and allows
for tighter construction
Improved Air Quality: Because the modular
structure is substantially completed in a factory-
controlled setting using dry materials
28.
29. The indoor construction environment reduces the
risks of accidents and related liabilities for
workers.
31. • load bearing structure cheaper for normal low rise
building as it requires lesser concrete and steel
rods
• thick wall provides thermal insulation
• easier and requires less time to construction
32. Low cost materials should be:
1. Locally available
2. Environmentally friendly
3. It should be non-toxic
4. Longer durability and longevity
5. Recyclable and re-usable
6. Biodegradability.
