slides

1. Ukuhlelwa kwamagama

2. Impokophelo
Ngemuva kwalesi sifundo kulindeleke ukuthi bazi lokhu:
• Ukuhlela amagama ngokwendlela kaVan Wyk
• Kumele abafundi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa amagama ngokwezingcezu
zawo.
• Kumele bakwazi ukubheka indlela amagama asebenza ngayo
emshweni.

3. Amagama
• Igama yingxenye noma yisakhiwo esithile esibenza nesinye kumbe
nezinye ukwakha igama eliphelele.
• Amagama ahlukene ngezindlela ezihlukene, lokho kudalwa
wumqondo osuke ewuqukethe kanye nesakhiwo sakhona.

4. Amagama
• Igama yindlela esetshenziswayo ukuqamba izinto ezithile. Igama
kufanele linikeze umqondo, noma lihlukaniseke ngokwezakhi
ezithile, eziletha umqondo egameni ngokubanzi/eliphelele.
• Ngokwabacwaningi igama lithathwa njengegama uma likwazi
ukucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa imikhakha emine yolimi.

5. Amagama
• UVan Wyk amagama uwahlukanisa kanjena:
• Ibizo (noun): imbuzi, itshali, incwadi
• Isabizwana (pronoun): yona, lona, yona
• Isandiso (adverb): kabi, emini, kude
• Isenzo (verb): hleka, phuza, shesha
• Isibabazo (interjection): Mameshane! Hawu! Habe!
• Isenzukuthi (ideophone): ngqi, shwi, bhalakaxa
• Isibanjalo sokukhomba (copulative demonstrative): yilezo, ngulowo, yilaba
• Igama elingakwazi ukuzimela (particle word)
• Na, nga, yi, li

6. Amagama
• Amagama angenhla akhombisa indlela yokuhlukanisa amagama
ngokononina. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi indlela ahlonzwe ngayo
kusetshenziswe imikhakha yolimi. Isibonelo onke amagama aziwa
ngokuthi ngamabizo, asebenzisa indlela eyodwa uma ehlukaniswa
ngokwemofoloji.

7. Amagama
• Imofoloji yebizo ithi, ibizo lakhiwa yisiqalo nesiqu. Onke amabizo anelizi
zakhi.
• Umuntu = umu+ntu
• Isitsha= isi+tsha
• Inja= in+ja
• Kuyenzeka ke ibizo lifake izijobelelo. Lokhu kushintsha umqondo
wegama. Isibonelo
• Umuntu+ana= umntwana
• Isithembu+ana=isithenjana
• Umfo+kazi=umfokazi

8. Amagama
• Nesabizwana naso sihlukaniseka ngendlela efanayo. Umehluko
kuba ukuthi hlobo luni lwesabizwana olwakhiwayo. Isibonelo
isabizwana soqobo sisebenzisa isivumelwano esebizo bese
sihlanganiswa nonkamisa u-o kujotshelelwe u-na. kanti isabizwana
sokubala sihlanganisa isakhi ula kanye nesivumelwano sebizo.
Izibonelo
• U+e+na= yena/wena
• Ba+o+na=bona
• li+o+na= lona

9. Amagama
• Amagama angakwazi ukuzimela atholakala esiZulwini yilawa:
• U-na oyisakhi sokuhlobanisa/igama elingakwazi ukuzimela elikhomba
ukuhlobanisa
• Nginamahloni.
• Kuneqatha elilodwa elisele ebhodweni.
• Izakhi zesifaniso/zokuqhathanisa:
• BangangoZulu eya eMakheni.
• Liqine njengetshe ikhanda lakhe.
• Bamlahlise okwenyongo yenyathi.

10. Amagama
• Isakhi esikhombisa ukuthi into yenziwa ngani:
• Ushaya ingede ngoju.
• Inkomo ihlatshwe ngommese.
• Isakhi esikhomba ubunikazi/ubumnini
• Isango lenyuvesi
• Usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa.

11. Amagama
• Isakhi sikandaweni
• Kwaninalume eDududu
• Ngisaya kubaba.
• Isakhi/igama elikhomba ukuyalela (hortative)
• Ake niyeke umsindo
• Ake sithi shelele.
• Isakhi sesibanjalo
• Uyinsizwa njalo.
• Kuyintonjana nakho bo!
• Bangabafana

12. Amagama
• UVan Wyk usebenzisa amazinga/imikhakha yokucwaningwa
kwezilimi ukuhlonza amagama: Ifonoloji (umkhakha ogxile
emisindweni), Imofoloji (umkhakha ogxile ekwakhiweni
kwamagama), Isemanthiksi (umkhakha ogxile ekulandelaneni
kwamagama/kwezakhi emshweni/egameni)

13. Amagama
• UVan Wyk uwehlukanisa kanjena amagama:
• Ibizo (noun): isitha, isitsha, umuntu
• Isabizwana (pronoun): sona, zona, yena
• Isandiso (adverb): kahle, ekuseni, kude
• Isenzo (verb): dlala, thela, thinta
• Isibabazo (interjection): halala! Hawu! Habe!

14. Amagama
• Isenzukuthi (ideophone): ngqi, khilikithi, mimiliti
• Isibanjalo sokukhomba (copulative demonstrative): yilezi,
ngulowo, yilona
• Igama elingakwazi ukuzimela (particle word)
• Uma izinyawo zinkulu bayaphela osayizi. / Uma izinyawo ziba
nkulu bayaphela osayizi
• Uma umkhulu kakhulu izifo zisheshe zikungene. / Uma uba mkhulu
kakhulu izifo zisheshe zikungene. [This occurs mainly with the
verb be]

15. Amagama
• Izibonelo zamagama angakwazi ukuzimela: yinja; nginamahloni,
njenga-, nganga-, okwa-
• ngokukaVan Wyk isibanjalo, isiphawulo, isibaluli, inani kanye
nongumnini akuwona amagama kodwa yiqoqo lamagama.
• Okuphawulekayo uVan Wyk ubuye afake isibanjalo sokukhomba
kanje namagama angakwazi ukuzimela (particle words).

16. Amagama
• UVan Wyk uphinde athi amagama angasebenza ngalezi zindlela
ezine:
• Igama liyakwazi ukusuka endaweni ethile emshweni liye kwenye
indawo (transposability):
• Umfana udlala ibhola.
• Udlala ibhola umfana.
• Umfana ibhola uyalidlala.
• Ibhola umfana uyalidlala.

17. Amagama
• Separability: Igama liyehlukaniseka ngokufaka elinye phakathi
kwamagama.
• USipho uthanda imicimbi./ USipho yena uthanda imicimbi.
• UShabalala akasafuni ukudlalela iChiefs./ UShabalala impela
akasafuni ukudlalela iChiefs. / UShabalala akasafuni ngempela
ukudlalela iChiefs.

18. Amagama
• Replaceability: Ungakwazi ukufaka igama esikhundleni selinye
igama. (Isabizwana ngesinye sezibonelo sale ndlela yokuhlonza
amagama). Ake sibheke nazi ezinye:
• Uma amakhiwane emahle kakhulu asuke esebolile.
• Uma amakhiwane eba mahle kakhulu asuke esebolile.

19. Amagama
• Isolatability: Igama liyakwazi ukuzimela gelekeqe ngaphandle
kokuncika kwelinye. Nasi isibonelo:
• Ubaba ubehlabeni ngempelasonto? Inkukhu.
• Umama uyephi? Esontweni.

20. Amagama
• Igama elaziwa njengebizo lingasebenza ngalezi zindlela emshweni:
• Njengomenzi/nhloko
Umama ukha Amanzi
Umfana udlala ibhola
Umzala ufunda incwadi

21. Amagama
Lingasebenza njengomenziwa
Umama ukha amanzi
Umfana udlala ibhola
Ingane idla ukudla
Lingasebenza njengondaweni:
Umama uye emsebenzini
Umfana usesontweni
Ugogo usemthonjeni

22. Amagama
Lingasebenza ukusekela igama elingakwazi ukuzimela:
• UBuhle uhambe nomama
• Umalume uye kumkhulu
• Isilo singangezwe laso

23. Amagama
• Usobizo uqukethe isabizwana
• Sona singasebenza ngalezi zindlela:
Singalandela ibizo:
Umama yena uhambile
Umalume yena ukhona
Abafundi bona bayabhala

24. Amagama
• Singandulela ibizo:
Yena umkhulu uyadla
Wona Amanzi awekho
Bona abebala bafikile

25. Amagama
• Singalandelana nezinye:
Ngifuna bona bodwa.
Bona bonke abekho
Sidlala nabo bodwa

26. Ngiyabonga!!!