This document discusses different elements and types of poetry. It defines key poetic elements like stanza, rhyme, rhythm, repetition, and alliteration. It also describes different types of stanzas and rhyme schemes. Additionally, it outlines various forms of poetry like lyric, elegy, epic, sonnet, satire, and discusses modern adaptations of traditional South African poetry like izibongo. The document provides examples to illustrate different poetic techniques and forms.

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IZINKONDLO
Ubunkondlo
By Salome Tshabangu

2. INKONDLO NESAKHIWO
SAYO
Isakhiwo Sangaphandle
– Indinyana/isigaba (Stanza)
– Imvumelwano (rhyme)
– Isigqi (rhythm)
– Ukuphinda amaphethini (Repetition)
– Impindwa (Refrain)
– Ifanamsindo (Alliteration)
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3. INDINYANA (STANZA)
– Indinyana yethula umqondo nomyalezo owodwa
enkondlweni. Indinyana ingaba nemigqa:
– emibili (Couplet)
– emathathu (trecet)
– emine (quantrain)
– emihlanu (quintet)
– eyisithupha (sestet)
– eyisikhombisa (septet)
– neyisishiyagalombili (octet)
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4. Imvumelwano (rhyme)
– Imvumelwano-sigcino
ab, ab, cc noma ab; ab; cc; dd
– Imvumelwano-siqala
Imvumelwano-maphakathi
• Ngema ngakhexa ngalalela
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5. Cula Ngizwe
Cula ngizwe Moya,
Khona ngizolala sengozela,
Ngoba ngibona kuqhaqhazela
Imith’ eluhlaza!
Ngichazele ngezimangaliso
Nangobuhle nezifanekiso
Nangothand’ olusha
Noludal’ olungenamongo,
Nokuthul’ okungenabuthongo
Bungizume phansi.
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6. Inhliziyo yam’ izokwethaba,
Ukuqaqamb’ okunokwesaba,
Kuyawuthiy’ umqondo.
Ngilethel’ ukuzotha kokuhlwa
Okungaphazanyiswa nje ngumuhlwa
Uququd’ udonga.
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7. ISIGQI (RHYTHM)
– Izinkondlo zabase-Afrika zibanesigqi lapho imbongi
isebenzisa imigqa engalingani nokho kube nokuhambisana
komqondo owethulwa kuleyo nkondlo.
– Isigqi siveza umoya othile enkondlweni njengokuthukuthela
noma ukukhathazeka.
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8. Isigqi sezinkondlo
zabamhlophe
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
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9. Isigqi ezinkondlweni
zabomdabu
– Udlondlwane luya luhlezi,
– Luya ludlondlobele
– Luyadla lubek’ isihlang’ emadolweni.
– Isidlukula dlwedlwe.
– Uhlany’ olusemehlwe’ amadoda.
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10. Ukuphinda amaphethini
Ukuxhumana kwemiqondo (parallelism)
– ukuxhumana-siqalo (initial linking)
– Ngezwa kuthiwa le misebenzi ngeyakho
– Ngezwa bekuntinyela ngezindosi zamazwi
– ukuxhumana-sigcino (final linking)
– Umshayeli wenqol’udl’ ezimnyama,
– Edlinzeni lakhe kubus’ ubumnyama,
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11. Ukuxhumana
ngokuphambanisa
Ukuxhumana okuyinxemu/okutshekile
– Ngema ngakhexa ngalalela
– Ngalalel’ iminjunju yenhliziyo
– Ukuxhumanisa okuyisiphambano
– Ibhubesi lasukela indoda,
– Indoda yaligwaza ibhubesi.
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12. – Ukuxhumanisa ngokuhlela amagama
– Unjengethishelakazi phambi kwezichwe
– Unjengomfundisi phambi kwebandla
(uNyazi 3 Ikhasi 49)
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13. UKUPHINDA AMAPHETHINI
– IMPINDWA (REFRAIN)
IFANAMSINDO
– Udlondlwane luya luhlezi,
– Luya ludlondlobele
– Luyadla lubek’ isihlang’ emadolweni.
– Isidlukula dlwedlwe.
– Uhlany’ olusemehlwe’ amadoda.
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14. ISAKHIWO
SANGAPHAKATHI
– Imifanekiso yomqondo
– Isifaniso (simile)
– Isingathekiso (metaphor)
– Uphawu (symbolism)
– Ukwenzasamuntu (personification)
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15. ILANGA - DBZ NtuliInkunzi ebomvu, uNompondompondo,
Oqhamuke amavukana akhwica amashobana,
Ayosobela kwaSibhakabhaka,
Ngoba engenakuphika nkani.
UMaqhamuka akhonye kwaMpumalanga,
Bathi kukhonya kuni khona lokhu,
Esikuzwe kungena ngamehlo,
Izinkunzana zonkana zikhonya ngamaphinjwana?
Phinde, ngiyaphika, akusinkunzi,
Ngamajininindi.
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16. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
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17. Ukujula Ngenkondlo
– Kuyenzeka ufunde inkondlo ethile uthole umqondo wayo
uphelele. Kodwa lapho usuyihlolisisa uthole ukuthi
iqukethe omunye umqondo.
– Kungakhulunywa ngelanga kanti kube kubhekiswe kumuntu
ongumholi.
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18. Umoya Osenkondleni
– Imbongi ingabhala inkondlo ngoba ithintekile ngokuthile.
Kungakho ungathi lapho ufunda inkondlo yayo uzizwe nawe
udumala, noma ujabula noma uzizwe uba nothando
oluthile.
– Ngakho-ke kumele inkondlo ivuse imizwa ethile.
– Bheka ezinkondlweni zakho ukuthi lokho kwenziwe
ngempumelelo yini?
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19. Izinhlobo zezinkondlo
zesimanje
Ilirikhi (lyric)
– Ilirikhi uhlobo lwenkondlo equkethe imizwa yomlobi.
– Kulolu hlobo imbongi/umlobi ukhululekile ukusho noma
yini ayizwayo.
– Ngenxa yobuhle belirikhi kwaze kwaba uhlobo lwenkondlo
eculwayo. Ezilimini zabaMhlophe yayibhalwa ibe nesigqi
ukuze kubelula ukuyicula.
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20. Izinhlobo zezinkondlo
zesimanje
– I-eleji (elegiac verse)
– I-eleji inkonldo esivezela isililo sembongi kakhulukazi
ngomuntu othize oshonile.
– Kulolu hlobo lwenkondlo kulula ukuthola isimo sembongi
kanye nemizwa yayo.
– Okunye okungavela kungaba yindlela imbongi ikhumbula
ngayo isihlobo sayo esingasekho.
– Ngendlela imbongi ibalisa ngayo kungaze kuvele usizi
oluthize.
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21. Izinhlobo zezinkondlo
zesimanje
– I-ephiki (epic)
– I-ephiki inkondlo exoxa indaba esamlando.
– Kungaba khona izehlakalo ezithize ezibekwe ngendlela
yobunkondlo.
– Uhlobo olunje aluvamisile esiZulwini. Nokho uma sibheka
izibongo zamakhosi siyazithola izimpawu ezithize ze-ephiki.
Kwesinye isikhathi indaba exoxwayo iba yindida.
Kungalandwa izigameko ngendlela umlobi abona ngayo
izinto.
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22. Izinhlobo zezinkondlo
zesimanje
– Isonethi (sonnet)
– Isonethi inkondlo evamise ukuba nemigqa eyi-14.
– Isonethi ejwayelekile eyase Ntaliyane. Le sonethi
ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Imigqa yokuqala eyi-8 kanye
nemigqa yesibili eyi-6. Imvamisa imigqa yokuqala iqukethe
umqondo ohlukile emqondweni wesibili
– abab, cdcd, efef, gg.
– abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee.
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23. Izinhlobo zezinkondlo
zesimanje
– Izibongo zesimanje
– Izibongo zesimanje zilandela indlela yokubhala izinkondlo
zesimanje.
– Izibongo ziyahlelwa ukuze kube khona lowo mgqumo kanye
nemvumelwano.
– Izibongo zesimanje zibhalwa phansi kukhethwe amagama
ngobuciko, kanti izibongo zakudala zibonisa ubuciko
bemvelo
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24. Izinhlobo zezinkondlo
zesimanje
– Umbhinqo (Satire)
– Lolu hlobo lwenkondlo lugxeka isimilo noma ukuziphatha
komuntu othize.
– Kwesinye isikhathi kungagxekwa noma yini engahambisani
nezinto ezibalulekile ezivumelana nenhlalo yabantu.
– Lokhu kugxeka kuqonde ukukhuza leyo ndlela
engavumelekile. Ziningi izindlela zokubhala lolu hlobo
lwezinkondlo
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