Human Female Reproduction

1. HUMAN
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

2. Q. Describe the
parts of human
female reproductive
system.

3. Total mark = 07
Description = 04
Labeled diagram = 03

4. INTRODUCTION
Human beings are most
evolved showing well marked
sexual dimorphism. Puberty (12
to 13 years age) is the maturity
age marked by separate male or
female secondary sex characters
due to secretion of respective sex
hormones by gonads.

5. REPRODUCTION
It is the life process
of production of new
and alike offspring(s)
by parents.

6. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
It is the organ system
helping in the process of
reproduction.

7. PARTS OF HUMAN MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Primary Sex Organs – a
pair of Ovaries.
 Secondary Sex Organs –
Fallopian tubes to Vulva.
 Accessory Glands – 01 pair.

8. NAMES OF PARTS
 Ovary / Ovaries
 Oviducts / Fallopian Tubes
 Uterus
 Vagina
 Vulva
 Bartholin’s glands / Greater
Vestibular glands

9. EXTRA RELATED POINTS
 Hormonal Regulation of
human female reproductive
system
 Secondary sex characters
 Conclusion (Menstrual
Cycle)

10. OVARY / OVARIES
 Human female have one
pair of almond shaped
ovaries, one on either side
of vertebral column in
abdomen.
 Each ovary is about 1.5 to
3 cm long, 8 mm thick.

11. OVARY cont …..
 Ovaries are attached to
dorsal abdomenal wall by
own MESOVARIUM or
OVARIAN LIGAMENT.
 Internally ovary has an
outer CORTEX and inner
MEDULLA.

12. OVARY cont …..
 Internally, ovary is lined
by a single layer of
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM.
 Cortex has ovarian follicles
at various stages of
development.

13. OVARY cont …..
 Medulla contains blood
vessels and nerves.
 Ovary is filled with a fluid
connective tissue called
STROMA.
 On puberty, cells of
germinal epithelium detach

14. OVARY cont …..
One of them become the
OOGONIUM and others
surround and nourish it. The
entire structure is called as
OVARIAN FOLLICLE, on
maturity called GRAFFIAN
FOLLICLE. It produce
OVUM by OOGENESIS.

15. OVARY cont …..
 OVULATION is release of
SECONDARY OOCYTE
from ovary on 14th day of
MENSTRUAL CYCLE.
 After ovulation, rest of
follicle become CORPUS
LUTEUM.

16. OVARY cont …..
 CORPUS LUTEUM
persist if fertilisation occur.
 If fertilisation not occur,
Corpus luteum reduces to
a scar called CORPUS
ALBICANS.

17. FALLOPIAN TUBES
 These are a pair of
muscular tubes of about 12
cm length, closed to ovary
and opening into UTERUS.
 It has three parts as
infundibulum, ampulla
and isthmus.

18. FALLOPIAN TUBES cont…
 INFUNDIBULUM is the
proximal part closed to
ovary. It has a central
opening called OSTIUM
surrounded by many finger
like FIMBRIAE to collect
secondary oocyte from ovary.

19. FALLOPIAN TUBES cont…
 AMPULLA is the middle
part.
 ISTHMUS is the last part
connected to UTERUS.
 OVIDUCTS are positioned
by mesenteries attached to
uterus.

20. UTERUS
 It is a pear shaped, thick
walled and hollow sac
between urinary bladder
and rectum to carry foetus.
 It is about 7.5 cm long and
5 cm width but elastic to
accommodate embryo.

21. UTERUS cont…..
 It has three parts as
 Fundus – upper part
connected to oviduct.
 Body / Corpus – middle
larger part.
 Cervix – lower part
connected to vagina.

22. UTERUS cont…..
 Junction of corpus and cervix
is INTERNAL ORIFICE or
INTERNAL OS.
 Junction between cervix and
vagina is EXTERNAL
ORIFICE or EXTERNAL
OS.

23. UTERUS cont…..
 Thick uterine wall has 3 layers
 Parietal peritonium – outer
layer.
 Myometrium – middle
muscular layer
 Endometrium – inner
highly vascular layer.

24. UTERUS cont…..
 Uterine wall provides
oxygen and nutrients to
embryo and removes
carbon dioxide and wastes
from it.

25. VAGINA
 It is female copulatory
chamber of about 10 cm.
 Its opening to cervix has a
thin membranous
diaphragm called
HYMEN.

26. VULVA
 It is external female
genitalia from vagina to
outside.
 Its opening has inner, hair
free pair of skin folds
called LABIA MINORA.

27. VULVA cont….
 Its opening has outer, hairy
pair of skin folds called
LABIA MAJORA.
 CLITORIS is a pea sized,
sensitive, erectile organ at
the junction of two labia
minora on front.

28. BARTHOLIN’S GLAND
 These are a pair of bean
shaped glands on either
sides of external orifice.
 They secrete a lubricating
fluid for coitus (sexual
intercourse).

30. HORMONAL
REGULATION

31. HYPOTHALAMUS
(BRAIN)
GONADOTROPIN
RELEASING FACTOR
PITUITARY GLAND

32. PITUITARY GLAND
FSH
(FOLLICLE
STIMULATING
HORMONE)
LH
(LUTEINIZING
HORMONE)

33. FSH LH
STIMULATES
DEVELOPMENT AND
MATURATION OF
OVARIAN FOLLICLES
FINAL MATURATION OF
FOLLICLES, OVULATION,
FORMATION OF CORPUS
LUTEUM
SECRETION OF
ESTROGEN FROM
FOLLICLES
SECRETION OF
PROGESTERON
OOGENESIS & PREGNANCY ON FERTILISATION

34. SECONDARY MALE
SEX CHARACTER
These are the characters
develops in female at
maturity. They may be like
Broadening of heave,
Mammary gland growth,
Soft voice etc.

35. CONCLUSION
Females produce secondary
oocyte by oogenesis under
menstrual cycle. It is a cyclic
outflow of secondary oocyte, dead
cells, blood, mucus and damaged
tissue repeating in every 28 days
from puberty (12 – 13 years) to
menopause (45 – 50 years).