Physical Education, Coaching, Sports

1. Republic of the Philippines
University of Rizal System
Graduate School
SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY AND COACHING
STRATEGIES
(P.E. 211)
2:00 – 5:00 pm
Reported by:
Sarah Jane A. Pacamara
Arwin A. Corsaba
Reported to:
Noel P. Aranda Ph.D

2. FOCUSING ON GROUP
PROCESSES

3. FOCUSING ON GROUP
PROCESSES
 LEADERSHIP
 GROUP COHESION
 COMMUNICATION
 GROUP AND TEAM DYNAMICS

5.  Tools for Measuring Cohesion
 Conceptual Model of Cohesion
 Definition of Cohesion
GROUP COHESION
 Relationship between
Cohesion and Performance

6.  Other Factors Associated with
Cohesion
Continuation…..
 Strategies for Enhancing
Cohesion
 Guidelines for Building Team
Cohesion

7. DEFINITION
OF COHESION

8. DEFINITION OF COHESION
“ A dynamic process that is
reflected in the tendency of a
group to stick together and remain
united in the pursuit of its
instrumental objectives and/or for
the satisfaction of member needs”.

9. DEFINITION OF COHESION
“According to Stephen Robbins,
group cohesiveness is the
degree to which members are
attracted to each other and
motivated to stay in the group”.

10. Clichés such as “Together We Stand,
Divided We Fall”, “There is no I in Team”,
“Players Play, Teams Win” are often used
to show individuals the importance of
Team Cohesion.

11. TYPES OF COHESION
Task Cohesion
Social Cohesion

12. Task Cohesion
The degree to which members of a
team work together to achieve a
specific and identifiable goal.

13. Social Cohesion
The degree to which the members of
a team like each other and enjoy
personal satisfaction from being
members of the team.

14.  Teamwork
 Attraction
 Group Unity
Dimensions of Group Cohesiveness

15. CONCEPTUAL
MODEL OF
COHESION

16.  Conceptual Model of Cohesion

17. Tools for
Measuring
Cohesion

18.  Direct Measurement
DIRECT AND INDIRECT MEASUREMENT
OF COHESION
A team cohesion measurement approach
that assesses team cohesion by directly
asking team members how much they like
playing for the team and how well they feel
the team functions as a unit.

19.  Indirect Measurement
A team cohesion measurement approach
that assesses team cohesion by asking each
team member how she feels about every
other member of the team on some basic
question.

20.  Measurement of Team Cohesion
A number of inventories have been developed for measuring team cohesion in
sport. An incomplete list of inventories include:
1.Sports Cohesiveness Questionnaire (SCQ; Martens & Peterson, 1971);
2.Team Cohesion Questionnaire (TCQ; Gruber & Grey, 1981);
3.Sport Cohesion Instrument (SCI; Yukelson, Wienberg and Jackson, 1984);
4.Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Widmeyer, Brawley &
Carron, 1985);
5.Team Psychology Questionnaire (TPQ; Partington and Shangi, 1992)

21. RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
COHESION AND
PERFORMANCE

23. OTHER FACTORS
ASSOCIATED
WITH COHESION

24. FOUR FACTORS WHICH
CONTRIBUTE TO TEAM
COHESION
• Environmental – refer to regulations within a
sport and local rules
• Personal – characteristics of the team
members
• Leadership – relate to such aspects as
coaching behavior
• Team factors – all the characteristics and
relationships of the group, norms and stability.

25. STRATEGIES
FOR ENHANCING
COHESION

26. Strategies for Enhancing
Cohesion
• Keep Communication Open
• Promote Trust
• Assist in Conflict Resolution
• Encourage Feedback
• Time for Fun
• Team building

27. GUIDELINES FOR
BUILDING TEAM
COHESION

28. How to encourage group
cohesiveness?
• Make the group smaller.
• Encourage agreement with group goals.
• Increase the time members spend together.
• Increase the status of the group and the
perceived difficulty of attaining membership
in the group.
• Stimulate competition with other groups.
• Give rewards to group rather than
individuals.