The document discusses the anatomical organization of the human body. It explains that anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Anatomy can be studied at different levels from microscopic cellular anatomy to macroscopic gross or regional anatomy. The major organ systems like the circulatory, digestive and nervous systems are studied under systematic anatomy. Developmental anatomy looks at changes from embryo to adult. Surface or topographic anatomy maps the external relationships to internal structures. Clinical anatomy applies anatomical knowledge to medical practice. The human body is made of unique cells that work together across organ systems to sustain life.

1. ANATOMICAL
ORGANIZATION
OF HUMAN
BODY
PRESENTED BY,
MRS. SANAMBI SHAIKH
MSC NURSING (OBG)

2. Introduction
• The human body is a complex, highly organized structure made
up of unique cells that work together to accomplish the specific
functions necessary for sustaining life.
• The different organ systems each have different functions &
therefore unique roles to perform in physiology.
• These many functions can be summarized in terms of human
life e.g. organization of human body, body metabolism, sensory
responsiveness, body movement, development and
reproduction.

3. • Anatomy – is the study of the structure. It is the art of
separating the parts of an organism in order to ascertain their
position, relations, structure and function.
• It is organized by levels, from the smallest components of cells
to the largest organs and their relationships to other organs.
• Anatomy is one of the oldest basic medical sciences it was first
studied in Egypt.
• Hippocrates he is a father of medicine.
• Physiology – is discussed about functions of human body and
its maintenance.

4. Branches of human anatomy
Gross
anatomy
Living
anatomy
Developme
ntal
anatomy
Surface
anatomy
Clinical
anatomy

5. Gross anatomy
• Gross anatomy is the study of macroscopic details of human
body structure.
• It is the study of the body’s organs as seen with the naked eye
during visual inspection and when the body is cut open for
examination (dissection).
• Generally gross anatomy is studied on dead bodies because we
cannot dissect a living human just to study anatomy; therefore
gross anatomy is also known as cadaveric anatomy.

6. Gross anatomy

7. There are two approaches to study gross anatomy –
• Systematic approach
• Regional approach
Systematic approach – in systematic approach human body is
studied in different systems.
Regional approach – in regional approach human body is
studied in different regions.
The end result of both approaches is the same but generally for
students of surgery, regional approach is preferred.

8. Living anatomy
• In contrast to the cadaveric anatomy, in living anatomy deals
with the study of live human beings and not dead bodies.
• This anatomy is useful for learning of physical examination and
observation of organ structure.
• Techniques to study living anatomy include palpation,
percussion, auscultation etc.

10. Developmental anatomy
• Embryology – it is also known as developmental anatomy. It is
concerned with the study of development of an embryo from a
single cell to a complete human being.
• Histology – is also known as microscopic anatomy. It deals
with the study of microscopic details of tissues that make
human body.

12. Surface anatomy / topographic anatomy
• Surface anatomy as the named indicates is anatomy of the
surface of human body structures.
• Surface anatomy establishes a relation between the internal
structures of human body with its surface.
• It enables a medical professional to locate the position of
internal organs from surface of the body & therefore it is very
important for surgical operations.

14. Clinical anatomy
• Clinical anatomy is the application of anatomical knowledge to
clinical practice.
Cellular
anatomy
Molecular
anatomy
Systematic
anatomy
Regional
anatomy

15. Cellular
anatomy
It is the study of
cells & their
components, which
can be observed only
with the use of
special techniques &
special instruments
such as microscopes.

16. Molecular
anatomy
It is the study of the
smallest components
of cells at the
biochemical level. It
is also known as
molecular biology.

17. Regional
anatomy
It is a geographical
study made on each
region.
e.g. head & neck,
chest, arm &
forearm., abdominal
region.

18. Systematic
anatomy
It is the study of
body system
e.g. digestive
system, circulatory
system, urinary
system, nervous
system.

19. The cell is the smallest unit of the body. The cell are adapted to
perform the special function of the organ system to deal with
different work of the body. So these structures are studied under
following example –
• Splanchnology is the study of the organs of viscera.
• Neurology is the study of the brain & nerves.
• Kinesiology is the study of the movements in the joints.
• Embryology is the study of the developing embryo.
• Cytology is the study of cells.
• Histology is the study of cells under magnification. E.g. under
microscope.
• Osteology is the study of the bones.
• Arthrology is the study of joints.
• Myology is the study of the muscles.

20. THANK YOU