introduction, definition, risk factors, types of vaginal infection - definition , causes, sign, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

1. VAGINAL INFECTION
PRESENTED BY,
MS. SANAMBI A. SHAIKH
MSC.NURSING (NURSING TUTOR)
V.M.P.CON, AKLUJ

3. INTRODUCTION
 Vaginal infection – over growth of bacteria which is
normally present in vagina.
 Vaginitis – vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina.
It’s due to an imbalance of yeast and bacteria that
normally live in the vagina.

8. TYPES AND CAUSES OF VAGINITIS
 Bacterial vaginitis – inflammation of the vagina
due to an overgrowth of bacteria. It typically causes
a strong fishy odor.
 Candida or yeast infection – overgrowth of the
fungus candida, which is normally found in small
amounts in the vagina.
 Chlamydia – is the most common sexually
transmitted infection in women, usually in those
ages 18 to 35 who have multiple sex partners.

9.  Gonorrhea – is another common infection spread
through sex. It often comes along with chlamydia.
 Trichomoniasis – is an infection spread by sex
that’s caused by parasite.
 Viral vaginitis – is inflammation caused by a virus,
like the herpes simplex virus or human
papillomavirus , which spread through sex.

10. BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
 Bacterial vaginosis is
the most common
cause of vaginal
irritation, itching,
discharge and is
sometimes referred to
as gardnerella.

11. CAUSES -
 Any condition that changes the environment of the vagina
could lead to this imbalance, such as vaginal creams,
douching, hygiene products, lubricants.
Symptoms –
o The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal
discharge. This may be gray or yellowish in color and has a
fishy odor.
o Vaginal itching and burning (often because of vaginitis or
other infections that can accompany bacterial vaginosis.

12. TREATMENT -
 Bacterial vaginosis can be treated with antibiotics in pill
or cream form. Common treatment prescribed is
metronidazole. This is applied vaginally twice a day for
five days.

13. CANDIDA OR YEAST INFECTIONS
 Vaginal yeast infections
also called vaginal
candidiasis or
vulvovaginal
candidiasis.
 This is experienced by
as many as 3 out of 4
women during their
lifetime. Most women
experience at least two
infections.

14. SYMPTOMS -
 Itching, burning or irritation of the vagina or vulva,
pain or soreness in the vagina.
 Vaginal burning with intercourse or urination, a
thick, white, odorless discharge that resembles
cottage cheese, or a watery discharge rash.

15. TREATMENT -
 Treatment of the infection depends on whether it is
complicated or uncomplicated.
 Uncomplicated yeast infection-
 When treating an uncomplicated yeast infection, a short
course of vaginal therapy is normally sufficient.
 One option is a one-time treatment of a prescription of
clotrimazole.
• Complicated –
 In the case of a complicated yeast vaginal infection,
treatment will include the use of long course vaginal
therapy or multi dose oral formulations.

16. CHLAMYDIA
 Chlamydia infection,
often simply known as
chlamydia, is a sexually
transmitted infection
caused by the bacterium
chlamydia trachomatis.

17. SYMPTOMS -
 Most people who are infected have no symptoms.
 Symptoms in women may include vaginal discharge
or burning with urination.

18. MODE OF TRANSMISSION -
 Chlamydia can be spread during vaginal, anal or
oral sex.
 It can also be passed from an infected mother to
her baby during childbirth.

19. DIAGNOSIS -
 Diagnosis is often by screening which is recommended
yearly in sexually active women under the age of twenty
five, others at higher risk and at the first prenatal visit.
 Testing can be done on the urine or a swab of the cervix,
vagina or urethra. Rectal or mouth swab are required to
diagnose infections in those areas.

20. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION -
 Prevention is by not having sex, the use of condoms, or
having sex with only one other person, who is not
infected.
 Chlamydia can be cured by antibiotics with typically
either azithromycin or doxycycline being used.
 Erythromycin or azithromycin is recommended in babies
and during pregnancy.
 Sexual partners should also be treated and the infected
people advised not have sex for seven days and until
symptom free.
 Gonorrhea syphilis and HIV should be tested for in those
who have been infected.

21. GONORRHEA
 Gonorrhea is caused by the
bacterium Neisseria
gonorrhea. Gonorrhea and
chlamydia can be
experienced simultaneously.
 Gonorrhea is a common
sexually transmitted disease,
sometimes referred to as the
clap.

22. SYMPTOMS -
 Symptoms may be absent despite an active gonorrheal
infection.
 Symptoms can appear anywhere from 1-14 days following
exposure to the infection.
 Women –
 Painful sexual intercourse
 Fever
 Yellow or green vaginal discharge
 Vulvar swelling

23. DIAGNOSIS -
 Testing for gonorrhea can be completed by analyzing a
urine sample or a swab of an affected area. Swab
samples are commonly taken from the penis, cervix,
urethra, anus and throat.

24. TREATMENT -
 Antibiotics – ceftriaxone ( azithromycin).
 Abstaining from sexual intercourse – until treatment
is complete, there is still a risk of complications and
spread of infection.
 Repeat testing in some cases.

25. TRICHOMONIASIS
 Trichomoniasis is an
infectious disease caused by
the parasite trichomonas
vaginalis.
 Trichomoniasis is sexually
transmitted infection which is
often spread through vaginal,
oral or anal sex.

26. SYMPTOMS -
 Itching in the genital area
 Bad smelling thin vaginal discharge
 Burning with urination
 Pain with sex

27. DIAGNOSIS -
 Finding the parasite in vaginal fluid, microbial
culture, testing for the parasites DNA.
Treatment and prevention
 Not having sex
 Using condoms
 Not touching
 Antibiotics ( metronidazole or tinidazole)

28. VIRAL VAGINITIS
 Viruses are a common
cause of vaginitis. One
form caused by the
herpes simplex virus is
often just called
“herpes” infection.
 These infections are
spread by sexual
contact.

29. SYMPTOMS -
 The primary symptom of herpes vaginitis is pain
associated with lesions or “sores”.
 These sores usually are visible on the vulva or the
vagina but occasionally are inside the vagina and can
only be seen during a gynecological exam.
 Outbreaks of herpes simplex virus often are associated
with stress or emotional distress.

30. TREATMENT -
 Use of barrier contraceptive, such as a condom, can help
reduce your risk (but does not offer 100% protection
against) contracting these and more serious infections,
such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which can
lead to AIDS.
 The treatment for vaginal infections is usually simple,
painless and effective and may including proper
medications like topical cream and / or antibiotics.
 Vaginal infections are unavoidable sometimes, there are
some steps to reduce chances of getting an infection like
maintaining hygiene in keeping vagina clean with proper
care and preventing infections with safe and proper sexual
habits.

31. THANK YOU