3. 3
Topics
System software
Operating systems (OS):
• Kinds of systems
• Common desktop systems
• User interaction
• How the OS manages the processor
• How the OS manages memory
4. 4
Topics
Operating systems:
• How the OS manages hardware
• How the OS manages interacts with
application software
• How the OS helps to start the computer
• How the OS helps you keep the
computer organized
Desktop and windows features
Utility programs
5. 5
System Software
Operating
systems
Control computer
functions:
• Hardware
• Memory
• Application
programs
• System
maintenance
Provide user
interface
System utilities
Programs that perform
computer
housekeeping tasks:
• Manage system
resources
• Improve efficiency
• Virus prevention
6. 6
Operating System Categories
Four categories:
• Real-Time (RTOS)
No user interaction required
• Single-User, Single-Task
• Single-User, Multitask
• Multiuser
7. 7
Real-Time Operating Systems
Built into devices,
not usually sold
separately
Uses include:
• Industrial machines
• Robotic equipment
• Automobiles
• Video game
consoles
• Home appliances
8. 8
Single-User Operating Systems
Single-task
systems
Perform one task at a time
PDAs (Personal Digital
Assistants):
• Pocket PC
• Palm OS
• Windows Mobile
MS-DOS
Multitask systems
Perform simultaneous
tasks
Windows
MAC OS
Linux
9. 9
Multiuser Operating Systems
Known as network operating systems
Allow access to the computer system by
more than one user
Manage user requests
Systems include:
• UNIX
• Linux
• Novell Netware
• Windows Server 2003
10. 10
Desktop Operating Systems
Operating system combined with the
processor is known as a platform
• Microsoft Windows / Intel
• Apple Macintosh / Motorola in older versions
• Now Apple also uses the Intel processor
Desktop operating systems include:
• Microsoft Windows
• MAC OS
• UNIX
• Linux
11. 11
Microsoft Windows
Market leader – 90% market share
Click to view the various Windows systems
Windows
XP
(2001)
Offers a new
multi-user
desktop as
well as
improved
digital media
features and
Internet
capabilities.
Windows
ME
(2000)
This upgrade
to Windows
95 and
Windows 98
includes
system
backup and
multimedia
capabilities
(such as
Media Player).
Windows
2000
(2000)
This upgrade
to Windows NT
offers
improvements
to file security
and Internet
support.
Windows
98
(1998)
This upgrade
includes
additional file
protection and
incorporates
Internet
Explorer 4.0, a
customizable
taskbar, and
desktop
features
Windows
95
(1995)
This operating
system runs
faster
and more
efficiently,
introduces Plug
and Play
capabilities,
long file names,
short-cut
right-click
menus, and a
cleaner
desktop.
Windows
NT
(1993)
Fundamentally
different
operating
system with
increased
security, power,
performance,
and
multitasking
scheduler.
Windows
3.x
(1990-
1992)
First widely
used PC
graphical user
interface (GUI)
operating
system.
Improved
point-and-click
mouse
operations and
multitasking
capabilities.
Windows
2.0
(1987)
Includes better
graphics
capabilities and
introduces
keyboard
shortcuts and
the ability to
overlap
windows.
Windows
1.0
(1985)
Introduces
point-and-click
commands with
a mouse and
includes modest
multitasking
capabilities and
desktop
applications.
12. 12
Windows Vista
Introduced in 2007
Versions Description
Windows XP
Comparable
Version
Windows Vista Home Basic Low-level, budget home users. Windows XP Home Edition
Windows Vista Home
Premium
Combines media features of to support advanced home
media uses such as HDTV and DVD authoring.
Windows XP Home Edition
with features from
Windows XP Media
Center Edition
Windows Vista Business
As its name implies, this version is aimed at the
business market. Similar to Windows XP
Professional, this version has added support for
networking capabilities. This product comes
bundled with a new version of Internet
Information Services (IIS), the most widely used
Web server for corporate Web sites. Windows XP Professional
Windows Vista Enterprise
This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the
business market and is not be available through
retail stores or OEMs (Original Equipment
Manufacturers). It comes with Microsoft Virtual PC,
which enables it to run on any platform, and has a
multilingual user interface.
Windows Vista Ultimate
This is the “ultimate” operating system for high-end PC
users, gamers, multimedia professionals, and PC
enthusiasts. Vista Ultimate comes with RSS (Real-
time Simple Syndication) support for easy access
to podcasts and weblogs, a game performance
tweaker, DVD ripping capabilities, and other
online capabilities for downloading media.
13. 13
MAC OS
First operating system with point-and-click
technology (Graphical User Interface)
Excellent in:
• Graphics display
• Processing capabilities
• System reliability
• Document recovery
Fewer software applications
MAC OS X
16. 16
What the Operating System Does
Provides user
interface
Manages the CPU
Manages memory
Manages hardware
Coordinates
application
software with the
CPU
17. 17
The User Interface
Enables you to
interact with the
computer
Types of
interfaces:
• Command-driven
interface
• Menu-driven
interface
• Graphical user
interface
Command-
driven
Menu-driven
Graphical
19. 19
Memory Management
The operating system allocates space
in RAM for instructions and data
RAM
Operating
System
20. 20
Virtual Memory
Instructions and data are stored on
the hard drive when RAM is full
• Swap file
• Paging
• Thrashing
Operating
System
FULL
21. 21
Hardware Management
Device drivers:
• Programs that enable
the operating system to
communicate with
peripheral devices
• Provided by the
manufacturer of the
device
Plug and Play:
• Hardware and software
standard
• Facilitates the
installation of new
hardware
22. 22
Software Application Coordination
Application programming interfaces
(APIs):
• Blocks of code contained in the
operating system
• Coordinates the operating system with
software applications
Similar toolbars and menus
• Microsoft Direct X
23. 23
Starting the Computer
The Boot Process
Step 1: The basic
input/output system (BIOS)
is activated
Step 2: A Power-on self-test
(POST) checks attached
hardware
Step 3: The operating
system loads into memory
Step 4: Configuration and
customization settings are
checked
1
2
3
4
24. 24
Handling Errors in the
Boot Process
Non-system disk or disk
error
• Remove the floppy from
the drive and press any
key
POST errors
• Single beep: Everything is
loading properly
• Series of beeps: Hardware
problem
Safe mode
• Windows does not boot
properly
• Uninstall any new devices
or software
25. 25
The Desktop
Desktop
features:
• Shortcut icons
• My Documents
• Start button
• Quick launch
• Open programs
• Taskbar
• System tray
• toolbar
SHORTCUT ICONS
A
B
C
D
E G H
I
_______________
MY DOCUMENTS
MY COMPUTER
START BUTTON
QUICK LAUNCH
TASKBAR SYSTEM TRAY
TOOLBAR
____________
____________
____________
____________
_________ ___________
_________
F
OPEN
PROGRAMS
_________
_________
Click to view
Desktop features
26. 26
G
PINNED ITEMS LIST
_______________
Start Menu
A
USER NAME
ALL PROGRAMS
BUTTON
SPECIAL FOLDERS
SYSTEM AREA
HELP
MOST FREQUENTLY
USED LIST
USER LOG OFF
SHUT DOWN/RESTART
F
E
D
C
B
_____________
___________
_______________
____________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
Click to view Start
menu features
28. 28
File Management
The operating system provides an
organizational structure to the
computer’s contents
Hierarchical structure of directories:
• Drives
Folders
Subfolders
Files
31. 31
Naming Files
Filename:
• Name assigned plus
filename extension
only characters not
legal in filenames
are:
⁄ : * ? " <
> ¦
all others are
allowed
Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc
32. 32
Filename Extensions
Filename
extensions:
• Used by
programs
Extension Type of Document Application
.doc Word processing
document
Microsoft Word;
Corel WordPerfect
.xls Workbook Microsoft Excel
.ppt PowerPoint
presentation
Microsoft
PowerPoint
.mdb Database Microsoft Access
.bmp Bitmap image Windows
.zip Compressed file WinZip
.pdf Portable Document
Format
Adobe Acrobat
.htm or
.html
Web page Hypertext Markup
Language
33. 33
File path
File path
• Location of the file
C: Tech in ActionTIA Pics
My Documents dotmatrix.gif
Drive Primary
folder
Subfolders Filename
34. 34
Working with Files
File management
actions:
• Open
• Copy
• Move
• Rename
• Delete
Recycle bin
Saving files
35. 35
Utility Programs
Small application programs that
perform special functions:
• Manage system
resources
• Create a pleasant
environment
• Improve efficiency
36. 36
Display Utilities
Change the appearance of:
• Desktop
• Windows colors
• Font sizes
• Screen savers
• Screen resolution
37. 37
Add or Remove Programs
Installation wizard
Uninstall wizard:
• Do not just delete program files to
remove programs