This document discusses operating systems and provides examples. It defines an operating system as an interface between the computer and user that manages resources and coordinates activities. It describes different types of operating systems including real-time, multi-user, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded. Major functions of operating systems are outlined as resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication with users. Examples of operating systems discussed include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, Solaris, and MS-DOS.
The document discusses operating systems, describing their major functions like resource management and providing a standard user interface. It defines different types of operating systems such as real-time, multi-user, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded. The two main types of user interfaces - command line and graphical user interface - are compared. Examples of popular operating systems are also provided, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, Solaris, and Microsoft DOS.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as programs that interface between users and computers to manage resources and tasks. It covers types of operating systems like single-user versus multi-user, and major functions including resource management, data management, and job management. The document also examines user interfaces, distinguishing between command line interfaces using text commands and graphical user interfaces using icons, windows, menus and pointers. Finally, it lists some examples of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
The document discusses operating systems and provides details on several key topics:
- It defines the operating system as the interface between the computer and user that manages resources and coordinates activities.
- Major types of operating systems are single-user and multi-user, with the latter allowing multiple, concurrent users.
- Key functions of operating systems include resource management, data management, job management, and providing communication between the user and computer.
- Major components are described as the user interface, resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication means.
- Examples of operating systems mentioned are Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and enables communication between hardware and software. It describes the main components and functions of operating systems, including managing processors, memory, devices, user interfaces, and more. The key components are the shell, which handles user interactions, and the kernel, which manages communication with hardware. Examples of different types of operating systems discussed are standalone systems like Windows, MacOS, and Linux, server systems, embedded systems, and mobile operating systems.
This document discusses different types of operating systems. It describes single-user and multi-user operating systems. The major functions of operating systems are also outlined, including resource management, data management, job management, and providing a standard interface between the user and computer. Two main types of user interfaces - the command line interface and graphical user interface - are also summarized. Examples of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android are provided. The document concludes by noting each operating system has its own pros and cons depending on the user's needs and preferences.
The document discusses system software, operating systems, and file management. It describes how operating systems manage hardware, memory, applications, and user interaction. Common desktop operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, and Linux. The document also discusses utility programs that perform system maintenance tasks like managing resources, improving efficiency, and preventing viruses. It provides details on file naming, organization, viewing and sorting files and folders, and performing actions like opening, copying, and deleting files.
Chapter 05 os dan utility program csc & ttsHisyam Rosly
The document defines an operating system and describes the main types - stand-alone, server, and embedded. It explains the core functions of operating systems like booting, user interface, memory management. It also summarizes several popular stand-alone systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux and server systems like Windows Server, Solaris. Finally, it outlines common utility programs that support operating systems like file managers, disk cleaners, antivirus software.
Computer software refers to a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks and comes in two types: systems software and applications software. Systems software includes operating systems, which control computer operations and manage resources, and development programs, which help create application software. Popular operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX.
The document discusses operating systems, describing their major functions like resource management and providing a standard user interface. It defines different types of operating systems such as real-time, multi-user, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded. The two main types of user interfaces - command line and graphical user interface - are compared. Examples of popular operating systems are also provided, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, Solaris, and Microsoft DOS.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as programs that interface between users and computers to manage resources and tasks. It covers types of operating systems like single-user versus multi-user, and major functions including resource management, data management, and job management. The document also examines user interfaces, distinguishing between command line interfaces using text commands and graphical user interfaces using icons, windows, menus and pointers. Finally, it lists some examples of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
The document discusses operating systems and provides details on several key topics:
- It defines the operating system as the interface between the computer and user that manages resources and coordinates activities.
- Major types of operating systems are single-user and multi-user, with the latter allowing multiple, concurrent users.
- Key functions of operating systems include resource management, data management, job management, and providing communication between the user and computer.
- Major components are described as the user interface, resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication means.
- Examples of operating systems mentioned are Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and enables communication between hardware and software. It describes the main components and functions of operating systems, including managing processors, memory, devices, user interfaces, and more. The key components are the shell, which handles user interactions, and the kernel, which manages communication with hardware. Examples of different types of operating systems discussed are standalone systems like Windows, MacOS, and Linux, server systems, embedded systems, and mobile operating systems.
This document discusses different types of operating systems. It describes single-user and multi-user operating systems. The major functions of operating systems are also outlined, including resource management, data management, job management, and providing a standard interface between the user and computer. Two main types of user interfaces - the command line interface and graphical user interface - are also summarized. Examples of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android are provided. The document concludes by noting each operating system has its own pros and cons depending on the user's needs and preferences.
The document discusses system software, operating systems, and file management. It describes how operating systems manage hardware, memory, applications, and user interaction. Common desktop operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, and Linux. The document also discusses utility programs that perform system maintenance tasks like managing resources, improving efficiency, and preventing viruses. It provides details on file naming, organization, viewing and sorting files and folders, and performing actions like opening, copying, and deleting files.
Chapter 05 os dan utility program csc & ttsHisyam Rosly
The document defines an operating system and describes the main types - stand-alone, server, and embedded. It explains the core functions of operating systems like booting, user interface, memory management. It also summarizes several popular stand-alone systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux and server systems like Windows Server, Solaris. Finally, it outlines common utility programs that support operating systems like file managers, disk cleaners, antivirus software.
Computer software refers to a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks and comes in two types: systems software and applications software. Systems software includes operating systems, which control computer operations and manage resources, and development programs, which help create application software. Popular operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX.
This document provides an overview of computer operating systems. It defines an operating system as the first program that loads when a computer is turned on, acting as an interface between software and hardware. The document then lists key functions of operating systems like processor management, memory management, and file management. It categorizes operating systems as single-user, graphical user interface, multi-user, multithreading, multitasking, real-time, and distributed based on their capabilities. Examples are provided for each category.
The document provides an overview of operating systems including:
- An introduction to operating systems and their key functions like enabling programs to run and acting as an intermediary between users and hardware.
- A brief history of operating systems from early batch systems in the 1950s to modern graphical user interface operating systems like Windows.
- Descriptions of different types of operating systems including batch, multi-programming, multi-tasking, network, distributed, and real-time operating systems.
- Discussions of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Android, iOS, and Linux.
- Features and limitations of operating systems.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses how operating systems have historically been tied to computer architecture and have progressed through generations that correspond to decades. It defines an operating system as the most important software that manages computer hardware resources and provides services to application software. The functions of an operating system include organizing hardware, giving users a way to communicate with the computer. Operating systems comprise software for kernel management, user interfaces, file systems, and more. Examples are given of different types of operating systems like GUI, multi-user, multiprocessing, and multitasking systems. Specific operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix are mentioned.
The document discusses different types of operating systems including desktop, departmental, and enterprise operating systems. It describes the key functions of an operating system as acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to provide an efficient environment to run programs. Examples are given of different categories of operating systems based on the number of users supported and level of sophistication, including desktop systems for single users, departmental systems for dozens to hundreds of users, and enterprise systems for thousands of users.
Introduction to Operating Systems - Mary MargaratMary Margarat
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including:
- It describes the main components and functions of an operating system like process management, memory management, and file management.
- It discusses different types of operating systems such as batch, multi-tasking, distributed, and real-time operating systems.
- It outlines some key services provided by operating systems like file system management, program execution, input/output operations, and security/protection.
This document provides an introduction to operating systems and covers several key topics:
1. It describes the architecture and evolution of operating systems including monolithic, layered, microkernel, and exokernel designs as well as the progression from batch processing to timesharing, personal computing, and distributed systems.
2. The functions of operating systems are discussed including program execution, input/output, resource allocation, and error detection.
3. Examples of operating systems are given such as Linux, Windows, and mobile phone OSs.
4. Components of a computer system are defined including the hardware, software, system programs, and application programs.
5. Concepts like multiprocessing, multitasking, shells
An operating system (OS) manages application programs and hardware devices. It determines which applications run and in what order, manages memory sharing between applications, and handles input/output to hardware. Popular desktop OSs include Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Batch systems run jobs non-interactively while time-sharing systems allow interactive use by multiple users simultaneously. Distributed, network, real-time, and embedded OSs are designed for specialized environments. A library OS provides typical OS services as libraries to compose with applications.
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It acts as an interface between the computer and user, managing resources and coordinating activities. There are multi-user systems which allow multiple, concurrent users and single-user systems for one user at a time. Operating systems' main functions include resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication between the user and computer. User interfaces allow interaction and include command line interfaces using only keyboard input and graphical user interfaces using keyboards and pointing devices. Popular operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris, and Android.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and acts as an interface between users and computers. It describes the structure of operating systems including the user interface, kernel, and features like graphical user interfaces, multi-user capabilities, multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading. The document also covers different types of operating systems including standalone, server, embedded, and mobile operating systems and their advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs on a computer and performs basic tasks like managing system resources and running applications. The major functions of operating systems are providing an interface to the user, managing system resources, security and access rights, running applications, process management, memory management, and acting as an interface between the computer hardware and software. It also discusses different types of operating systems like real-time operating systems, distributed operating systems, Linux, Windows, and the graphical user interface.
This presentation was in respect to present operating system as product , as it tells about the general operating systems and how it started and how they are projected as product to market.
An operating system is software that enables programs to use computer hardware. It organizes and controls hardware resources and acts as an interface between programs and hardware. Operating systems perform functions like making computers more convenient to use, allowing efficient use of resources, and enabling computers to evolve without interruption. The structure of an operating system consists of four layers - hardware, the operating system software, system programs, and application programs. Early operating systems used batch processing where jobs were submitted in batches to be executed together, while later systems used multiprogramming and time sharing to allow simultaneous execution of multiple programs. Operating systems can also be classified as single-user or multi-user depending on how many users they support at once.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources and providing common services. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like memory management, I/O control, and file management. The evolution of operating systems is traced from early batch processing systems to time-sharing, personal computing, and distributed systems of today. Key innovations that enabled each phase are highlighted.
Computer languages can be categorized as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language provide little abstraction from computer hardware and use numeric codes that are directly understandable by computers. High-level languages allow problems to be solved using terminology more familiar to humans and are easier for programmers to use. Examples include C, C++, Java, and JavaScript. Operating systems act as an interface between application software, hardware, and users, performing functions like memory management, task scheduling, and file handling.
The document discusses operating systems and their interfaces. It describes graphical user interfaces (GUIs) which use windows, icons, menus and pointers for navigation. GUIs are easier to use but take up more memory. Command line interfaces (CLIs) require users to enter commands but provide more flexibility for expert users. The main difference is that GUIs utilize visual elements while CLIs require memorization and entry of commands.
The operating system is software that enables all programs to run by organizing and controlling the hardware resources and providing interfaces. It manages processes, memory, storage devices, and input/output. Operating systems have evolved from simple batch processing systems to today's multiprogramming, time-sharing, and distributed systems that allow many processes to run concurrently while sharing resources. The operating system acts as an interface between programs, hardware, and users.
This document provides information about computer languages and software. It discusses:
- The definition of a computer language as an artificial language that gives instructions to a computer. Programming languages include machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages.
- Common operating systems like MS-DOS, which was popular in the 1980s-1990s, and Windows, which introduced graphical user interfaces. It also discusses features of operating systems.
- Types of software including system software that manages hardware, and application software that performs tasks for users like word processors, spreadsheets, and personal information managers.
- Generations of programming languages from machine language as first generation to modern non-procedural fourth generation languages.
The document provides information on the history and definition of operating systems:
- Operating systems have evolved through distinct phases corresponding to decades, and there has been a long-standing competition between PC and Mac operating systems.
- An operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer, managing hardware resources and providing services to application software. It allows users to communicate with the computer.
- Operating systems include a kernel that manages basic functions like memory, processes, and I/O, as well as a shell for user interaction and a file system for organizing files. Examples are Windows, Linux, Unix, and Mac OS.
This document provides an overview of computer operating systems. It defines an operating system as the first program that loads when a computer is turned on, acting as an interface between software and hardware. The document then lists key functions of operating systems like processor management, memory management, and file management. It categorizes operating systems as single-user, graphical user interface, multi-user, multithreading, multitasking, real-time, and distributed based on their capabilities. Examples are provided for each category.
The document provides an overview of operating systems including:
- An introduction to operating systems and their key functions like enabling programs to run and acting as an intermediary between users and hardware.
- A brief history of operating systems from early batch systems in the 1950s to modern graphical user interface operating systems like Windows.
- Descriptions of different types of operating systems including batch, multi-programming, multi-tasking, network, distributed, and real-time operating systems.
- Discussions of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Android, iOS, and Linux.
- Features and limitations of operating systems.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses how operating systems have historically been tied to computer architecture and have progressed through generations that correspond to decades. It defines an operating system as the most important software that manages computer hardware resources and provides services to application software. The functions of an operating system include organizing hardware, giving users a way to communicate with the computer. Operating systems comprise software for kernel management, user interfaces, file systems, and more. Examples are given of different types of operating systems like GUI, multi-user, multiprocessing, and multitasking systems. Specific operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix are mentioned.
The document discusses different types of operating systems including desktop, departmental, and enterprise operating systems. It describes the key functions of an operating system as acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to provide an efficient environment to run programs. Examples are given of different categories of operating systems based on the number of users supported and level of sophistication, including desktop systems for single users, departmental systems for dozens to hundreds of users, and enterprise systems for thousands of users.
Introduction to Operating Systems - Mary MargaratMary Margarat
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including:
- It describes the main components and functions of an operating system like process management, memory management, and file management.
- It discusses different types of operating systems such as batch, multi-tasking, distributed, and real-time operating systems.
- It outlines some key services provided by operating systems like file system management, program execution, input/output operations, and security/protection.
This document provides an introduction to operating systems and covers several key topics:
1. It describes the architecture and evolution of operating systems including monolithic, layered, microkernel, and exokernel designs as well as the progression from batch processing to timesharing, personal computing, and distributed systems.
2. The functions of operating systems are discussed including program execution, input/output, resource allocation, and error detection.
3. Examples of operating systems are given such as Linux, Windows, and mobile phone OSs.
4. Components of a computer system are defined including the hardware, software, system programs, and application programs.
5. Concepts like multiprocessing, multitasking, shells
An operating system (OS) manages application programs and hardware devices. It determines which applications run and in what order, manages memory sharing between applications, and handles input/output to hardware. Popular desktop OSs include Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Batch systems run jobs non-interactively while time-sharing systems allow interactive use by multiple users simultaneously. Distributed, network, real-time, and embedded OSs are designed for specialized environments. A library OS provides typical OS services as libraries to compose with applications.
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It acts as an interface between the computer and user, managing resources and coordinating activities. There are multi-user systems which allow multiple, concurrent users and single-user systems for one user at a time. Operating systems' main functions include resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication between the user and computer. User interfaces allow interaction and include command line interfaces using only keyboard input and graphical user interfaces using keyboards and pointing devices. Popular operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris, and Android.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and acts as an interface between users and computers. It describes the structure of operating systems including the user interface, kernel, and features like graphical user interfaces, multi-user capabilities, multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading. The document also covers different types of operating systems including standalone, server, embedded, and mobile operating systems and their advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs on a computer and performs basic tasks like managing system resources and running applications. The major functions of operating systems are providing an interface to the user, managing system resources, security and access rights, running applications, process management, memory management, and acting as an interface between the computer hardware and software. It also discusses different types of operating systems like real-time operating systems, distributed operating systems, Linux, Windows, and the graphical user interface.
This presentation was in respect to present operating system as product , as it tells about the general operating systems and how it started and how they are projected as product to market.
An operating system is software that enables programs to use computer hardware. It organizes and controls hardware resources and acts as an interface between programs and hardware. Operating systems perform functions like making computers more convenient to use, allowing efficient use of resources, and enabling computers to evolve without interruption. The structure of an operating system consists of four layers - hardware, the operating system software, system programs, and application programs. Early operating systems used batch processing where jobs were submitted in batches to be executed together, while later systems used multiprogramming and time sharing to allow simultaneous execution of multiple programs. Operating systems can also be classified as single-user or multi-user depending on how many users they support at once.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources and providing common services. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like memory management, I/O control, and file management. The evolution of operating systems is traced from early batch processing systems to time-sharing, personal computing, and distributed systems of today. Key innovations that enabled each phase are highlighted.
Computer languages can be categorized as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language provide little abstraction from computer hardware and use numeric codes that are directly understandable by computers. High-level languages allow problems to be solved using terminology more familiar to humans and are easier for programmers to use. Examples include C, C++, Java, and JavaScript. Operating systems act as an interface between application software, hardware, and users, performing functions like memory management, task scheduling, and file handling.
The document discusses operating systems and their interfaces. It describes graphical user interfaces (GUIs) which use windows, icons, menus and pointers for navigation. GUIs are easier to use but take up more memory. Command line interfaces (CLIs) require users to enter commands but provide more flexibility for expert users. The main difference is that GUIs utilize visual elements while CLIs require memorization and entry of commands.
The operating system is software that enables all programs to run by organizing and controlling the hardware resources and providing interfaces. It manages processes, memory, storage devices, and input/output. Operating systems have evolved from simple batch processing systems to today's multiprogramming, time-sharing, and distributed systems that allow many processes to run concurrently while sharing resources. The operating system acts as an interface between programs, hardware, and users.
This document provides information about computer languages and software. It discusses:
- The definition of a computer language as an artificial language that gives instructions to a computer. Programming languages include machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages.
- Common operating systems like MS-DOS, which was popular in the 1980s-1990s, and Windows, which introduced graphical user interfaces. It also discusses features of operating systems.
- Types of software including system software that manages hardware, and application software that performs tasks for users like word processors, spreadsheets, and personal information managers.
- Generations of programming languages from machine language as first generation to modern non-procedural fourth generation languages.
The document provides information on the history and definition of operating systems:
- Operating systems have evolved through distinct phases corresponding to decades, and there has been a long-standing competition between PC and Mac operating systems.
- An operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer, managing hardware resources and providing services to application software. It allows users to communicate with the computer.
- Operating systems include a kernel that manages basic functions like memory, processes, and I/O, as well as a shell for user interaction and a file system for organizing files. Examples are Windows, Linux, Unix, and Mac OS.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
Crane Maintenance and Repair: To ensure optimal performance and safety, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for cranes. Our team of skilled technicians provides comprehensive maintenance and repair services to keep your equipment running smoothly and minimize downtime.
Crane Operator Training: Proper training is crucial for safe and efficient crane operation. We offer specialized training programs conducted by certified instructors to equip operators with the skills and knowledge they need to handle cranes effectively.
Custom Solutions: We understand that every project is unique, which is why we offer custom crane solutions tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need modifications, attachments, or specialized equipment, we can design and implement solutions that meet your needs.
At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
aesthetics, safety and practicality. Whether you see the car as a whole or step
closer and explore its unique features, the Octavia range radiates with the
harmony of functionality and emotion
What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill RoadsSprinter Gurus
Unlock the secrets behind your Mercedes Sprinter's uphill power loss with our comprehensive presentation. From fuel filter blockages to turbocharger troubles, we uncover the culprits and empower you to reclaim your vehicle's peak performance. Conquer every ascent with confidence and ensure a thrilling journey every time.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
2. 2
Operating Systems
1. Operating Systems
2. Types of Operating System
3. Major Functions
4. User Interface
5. Examples of Operating System
3. 3
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
• The operating system is the most important program
that runs on a computer.
• Operating system is an interface between computer
and user.
• It is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the
resources of the computer.
6. 6
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
• Real-time
• Multi-user vs. Single-user
• Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking
• Distributed
• Embedded
7. 7
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
Real-Time
• A real-time operating system is a multitasking
operating system that aims at executing real-time
applications.
• Responds to input instantly.
8. 8
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
Multi-user vs. Single user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users
to access a computer system concurrently.
Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user
systems as they enable a multiple user access to a
computer through the sharing of time.
Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a
multi-user operating system, are usable by a single
user at a time.
9. 9
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking
When a single program is allowed to run at a time,
the system is grouped under a single-tasking system
While in case the operating system allows the
execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is
classified as a multi-tasking operating system.
10. 10
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of
independent computers and makes them appear to
be a single computer.
The development of networked computers that could
be linked and communicate with each other, gave
rise to distributed computing.
11. 11
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be
used in embedded computer systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines
like PDAs with less autonomy.
They are able to operate with a limited number of
resources.
12. 12
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
• Resource management
• Data management
• Job management
• Standard means of communication between User
and Computer
13. 13
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
Resource Management
• The resource management function of an OS
allocates computer resources such as CPU time,
main memory, secondary storage, and input and
output devices for use.
14. 14
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
Data Management
• The data management functions of an OS govern
the input and output of data and their location,
storage, and retrieval.
• It also is responsible for storing and retrieving
information on disk drives and for the organization of
that information on the drive.
15. 15
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
Job Management
• The job management function of an OS prepares,
schedules, controls, and monitors jobs submitted for
execution to ensure the most efficient processing.
• A job is a collection of one or more related programs
and their data.
16. 16
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
Standard Means of Communication between User
and Computer
• The OS also establishes a standard means of
communication between users and their computer
systems.
• It does this by providing a user interface and a
standard set of commands that control the
hardware.
17. 17
Operating Systems
User Interface
• A program that controls a display for the user
(usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the
user to interact with the system) .
• The user interface allows the user to communicate
with the operating system.
18. 18
Operating Systems
User Interface
• The user interface provides means of:
– Input - allowing the users to manipulate a
system
– Output - allowing the system to indicate the
effects of the users' manipulation.
20. 20
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Command Line Interface (CLI)
• A command-line interface is a mechanism for
interacting with a computer operating system or
software by typing commands to perform specific
tasks.
• This method of instructing a computer to perform a
given task is referred to as "entering" a command.
• Accept input via keyboard only.
• Not suitable for beginners.
22. 22
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Command Line Interface (CLI)
• Examples of command:
Command Description
DIR To display list of files or folder
COPY To copy file or folder
MD To make new folder
CLS To clear screen
Quit To quit
23. 23
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Is a type of user interface which allows people to
interact with computer with images rather than text
commands.
• Accept input via keyboard and pointing devices.
• Easy to learn.
24. 24
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Elements of Graphical User Interface
• Pointer
• Icons
• Desktop
• Windows
• Menus
25. 25
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Pointer
• A symbol that appears on the
display screen and that you
move to select objects and
commands.
• Usually, the pointer appears
as a small angled arrow.
27. 27
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Desktop
• The area on the display screen where icons are
grouped is often referred to as the desktop because
the icons are intended to represent real objects on a
real desktop.
29. 29
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Windows
• Used to divide the screen into different areas.
• In each window, you can run a different program or
display a different file.
31. 31
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
Menus
• Most graphical user interfaces let you execute
commands by selecting a choice from a menu.
• Two types of menu:
– Pull-down menu
– Pop-up menu
33. 33
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
CLI GUI
Ease
Because of the memorization and
familiarity needed to operate a
command line interface, new
users have a difficult time
navigating and operating a
command line interface.
Although new users may have a
difficult time learning to use the
mouse and all GUI features, most
users pick up this interface much
easier when compared to a
command line interface.
Control
Users have much more control of
their file system and operating
system in a command line
interface. For example, users can
copy a specific file from one
location to another with a one-line
command.
Although a GUI offers plenty of
control of a file system and operating
system, the more advanced tasks
may still need a command line.
34. 34
Operating Systems
Types of User Interface
CLI GUI
Multitasking
Although many command line
environments are capable of
multitasking, they do not offer the
same ease and ability to view
multiple things at once on one
screen.
GUI users have windows that
enable a user to view, control, and
manipulate multiple things at once
and is much faster to navigate
when compared with a command
line.
Speed
Command line users only need to
use their keyboards to navigate a
command line interface and often
only need to execute a few lines
to perform a task.
A GUI may be easier to use
because of the mouse. However,
using a mouse and keyboard to
navigate and control your
operating system for many things
is going to be much slower than
someone who is working in a
command line.
36. 36
Operating Systems
Microsoft DOS
• DOS stands for Disk
Operating System.
• Developed by Microsoft Inc.
• Using command line
interface.
• It does not support multiple
users and multitasking.
• First version: MS-DOS 1.0
(1981)
• Final version: MS-DOS 7.0
(1995)
38. 38
Operating Systems
Windows
• Produced by Microsoft,
Inc.
• Using graphical user
interface.
• Support multitasking and
multiuser.
• First version: Windows
1.0 (1985)
• Latest version: Windows
8
40. 40
Operating Systems
Mac OS
• The official name of the
Macintosh operating
system.
• Created by Apple Inc.
• Operating System for
Apple Macintosh computer.
• First version: Mac System
1 (1984)
• Latest version: Mac OS
10.8.3
42. 42
Operating Systems
Linux
• A freely-distributable open
source operating system that
runs on a number of hardware
platforms.
• Linux has become an
extremely popular alternative
to proprietary operating
systems.
• First version: Linux (1992)
• Latest version: Linux 3.9.6
44. 44
Operating Systems
Android
• Android is a Linux-based
operating system for mobile
devices such as smartphones
and tablet computers
• It is developed by the Open
Handset Alliance, led by
Google, and other companies
• First version: Android 1.0
(2008)
• Latest version: Android 4.2.2
46. 46
Operating Systems
Solaris
• Solaris is a Unix operating
system originally developed by
Sun Microsystems
• Solaris can be installed from
physical media or a network for
use on a desktop or server
• Used on server and
workstation
• First version: Solaris 1 (1991)
• Latest version: SunOS 11.1