This document provides information about basic computer operations including booting and shutting down processes. It describes booting as the process of starting a computer by loading and starting the operating system. The key steps in booting include performing memory tests, checking hardware, loading the operating system into RAM, and displaying an operating system prompt or desktop. There are two types of booting: cold booting which starts a turned off computer, and warm booting which restarts without interrupting power using keyboard shortcuts. Shutting down closes all programs to prepare turning off the computer's power with the operating system closing last.

1. HHCJ AMUMARA
COMPUTER STUDIES LECTURE NOTE –SS1
(NOTE 001)

2. BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS
BOOTING AND SHUTTING DOWN PROCESS
• Description of Booting:
• Booting is the process of starting a computer. It is a
process to ready the computer system for performing
any task.
• Botting can be initiated by hardware such as a button
press, or by a software command.
• Booting is a process or set of operations involved in
loading and starting the operating system from the point
in which the user switches on the power button
Note:Restarting a computer also is called rebooting

3. BOOTING PROCESS (STEPS INVOLVED IN
BOOTING)
• Generally booting includes a number of tasks. These tasks are performed to
make the computer system ready. These tasks can be sequenced as:
 When the power gets ON, memory testing (RAM test) is performed.
 When this is OK, a boot loader program checks all H/W attached with
computer system. Such as keyboard, hard disk, CPU, etc.
 After listing H/Ws, the boot loader program searches for operating system in
secondary storage device. If it found, it calls the main program of operating
system and loads operating system into RAM.
 After successfully loading the operating system, it shows the prompt. If the
operating system is DOS, then the prompt may be A :>, B :>, or C :>. If it is
Windows then a desktop is displayed with Start Button.

4. TYPES OF BOOTING
• Booting can be done is two ways:
1. Cold Booting or Soft Booting
2. To perform a cold boot means to start up a computer
that is turned off. A cold boot is typically performed by
pressing the power button on the computer.
3. Warm Booting or Hard Booting
When CTRL+ALT+DEL keys are pressed
simultaneously then warm booting is performed.
Note:The first step of booting process (memory test 0 is
skipped, when this booting is applied. Reset button can
also be used for warm booting).

5. NOTE
• TAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING:
• Cold booting is also called hard booting, cold
start, dead start.
• Warm booting is also called soft booting.

6. SHUTING DOWN A COMPUTER
• Shut down is the process of closing all software
programs in preparation to turn off a computer's
power.
• The operating system is the last program to be closed
as part of a computer's shut down process.

7. IDENTIFICATION OF FEATURES ON A DESKTOP
• ON THE COMPUTER DESKTOP ARE ICONS
• Icons are small pictures that represent
files, folders, programs, shortcuts, and
other items. When you first start
Windows, you will see at least one icon
on your desktop.

8. EXAMPLE OF DESKTOP ICONS

9. DESKTOP

10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLD BOTTING
AND WARM BOOTING
• The main difference between cold and warm booting is
that the cold booting is the process of starting up the
computer that is turned off while warm booting is the
process of restarting the computer without interrupting
power.
• Cold booting is initialized by pressing Power button while
warm booting is initialized by the operating system.
• Cold booting includes power on self-test while warm
booting does not include power on self-test (POST).
• Cold booting performs more complete reset of the system
..warm booting does not perform complete reset of the
system.

11. N/B:
• Initialized by
• While cold booting is initialized by pressing the power button on the
computer, warm booting is initialized by the operating system.
• Synonyms
• Cold booting is also called hard booting, cold start, dead start. Warm
booting is also called soft booting.
• Reset
• A cold booting performs a more complete reset of the system than
warm booting. This is another difference between cold and warm
booting.
• Power On Self-Test
• Furthermore, cold booting includes power on self-test (POST) while
warm booting does not include POST.

12. STAY AT HOME, STAY SAFE , BE
POSITIVE. (MAY 12,2020)