Gonads- Secretion, Function and Regulation

1. SELINA SRAVANTHI
SAROJINI NAIDU VANITA PHARMACY MAHA VIDYALAYA,
TARNAKA, HYDERABAD, TELANAGANA

2.  Gonads are the organs that produce
gametes—sperm in males and oocytes in
females.
 In Males- Testes- are oval glands that lie in
the scrotum.
 In Females- Ovaries - paired oval bodies
located in the female pelvic cavity.

3.  Secrete two estrogens (estradiol and estrone) and
progesterone.
 Along with FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
Estrogens
regulate the menstrual cycle,
They also promote enlargement of
the breasts and widening of the hips
at puberty,
help maintain these female
secondary sex characteristics.
Lower blood cholesterol
Increase protein anabolism
including building of strong bones,
similar to hGH.
Progesterone
 Preapare and
maintain endometrium
for implantation of
fertilized ovum
maintain pregnancy,
prepare the mammary
glands for lactation.

4.  The ovaries also produce inhibin, a protein hormone
that inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH).
 During pregnancy, the ovaries and placenta produce a
peptide hormone called relaxin,-
› increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis during
pregnancy
› helps dilate the uterine cervix during labor and
delivery.
› These actions help ease the baby’s passage by
enlarging the birth canal.

5.  Secrete testosterone, an androgen or male sex
hormone.
 Testosterone stimulates descent of the testes
before birth, regulates production of sperm,
 stimulates the development and maintenance of
male secondary sex characteristics, such as
› beard growth and
› deepening of the voice.
 Promote Sexual Drive
 The testes also produce inhibin, which inhibits
secretion of FSH.