ESSAY STRUCTURE Three Main Parts of an Essay Introduction Body Conclusion The Introduction Thesis Statement Essay Map Supporting sentences An Introductory paragraph should not be less than 1/3 of a page and should not exceed ¾ of a page in this class The Essay Map A brief statement in the introductory paragraph, introducing the major points to be discussed in the essay. Add an essay map to your thesis statement. Thesis-The library’s reserve facility is mismanaged. Essay map: Its unpredictable hours, poor staffing, and inadequate space discourage even the most dedicated students. The Lead-in You may use another interesting introductory device called the lead-in. -The lead-in catches the reader’s attention, announces the subject and mood of your essay, and leads into the presentation of your thesis statement and essay map. The Body Paragraphs The body paragraph should develop the main points stated in the essay map. Example: Because of its free services, well- trained tutors and useful learning aids, the Study Skill Center is an excellent place for students seeking academic help. B.P 1=discussion of free services B.P 2=discussion of tutors B.P 3=discussion of learning aids Each B.P. should have a topic sentence Consider paragraph length A good b.p. has unity It also has coherence Use transitions within and between paragraphs Creating P. Coherence Order of time-ex. chronological order Order of space-ex-left to right Deductive order-moving from generalization to specific details Inductive order Repetition of key words parallelism A Good Conclusion A restatement of the thesis and the main points An evaluation of the essay’s subject A statement of the essays broader implication(s) A call to action A warning based on the essay’s thesis etc Errors in Conclusion Mechanical endings-word for word re- statement of thesis Introducing new points Abrupt conclusions Changing the stance Using stale expressions such as “as you know,” “in conclusion,” “as you can see,” “this proves that,” “in summary” etc Altheim, F. (1938). A history of Roman religion. London: Methuen. Bagnall, R.S., The Encyclopedia of Ancient History (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Bauman, R. A. (2002). Women and politics in ancient Rome. Routledge. Boatwright, M. T., Gargola, D. J., & Talbert, R. J. (2004). The Romans: from village to empire. Oxford University Press. Bonfante, L. (1981). Etruscan couples and their aristocratic society. Women's Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8(1-2), 157-187. Cartwright, M. (2017, February 14). Etruscan Society. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/article/1016/ Frigo, N. (2015). Women in ancient Rome. Agora, 50(3), 53. Garrison, E. P. (1991). Attitudes toward suicide in ancient Greece. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-), 121, 1-3 ...

1. ESSAY STRUCTURE
Three Main Parts of an Essay
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
The Introduction
Thesis Statement
Essay Map
Supporting sentences
An Introductory paragraph should not
be less than 1/3 of a page and should
not exceed ¾ of a page in this class
The Essay Map

2. A brief statement in the introductory
paragraph, introducing the major points to
be discussed in the essay.
Add an essay map to your thesis
statement.
Thesis-The library’s reserve facility is
mismanaged.
Essay map: Its unpredictable hours, poor
staffing, and inadequate space discourage
even the most dedicated students.
The Lead-in
You may use another interesting
introductory device called the lead-in.
-The lead-in catches the reader’s
attention, announces the subject and
mood of your essay, and leads into
the presentation of your thesis
statement and essay map.

3. The Body Paragraphs
The body paragraph should develop the
main points stated in the essay map.
Example: Because of its free services, well-
trained tutors and useful learning aids, the
Study Skill Center is an excellent place for
students seeking academic help.
B.P 1=discussion of free services
B.P 2=discussion of tutors
B.P 3=discussion of learning aids
Each B.P. should have a topic
sentence
Consider paragraph length
A good b.p. has unity
It also has coherence
Use transitions within and between

4. paragraphs
Creating P. Coherence
Order of time-ex. chronological order
Order of space-ex-left to right
Deductive order-moving from
generalization to specific details
Inductive order
Repetition of key words
parallelism
A Good Conclusion
A restatement of the thesis and the
main points
An evaluation of the essay’s subject
A statement of the essays broader
implication(s)
A call to action

5. A warning based on the essay’s
thesis etc
Errors in Conclusion
Mechanical endings-word for word re-
statement of thesis
Introducing new points
Abrupt conclusions
Changing the stance
Using stale expressions such as “as
you know,” “in conclusion,” “as you
can see,” “this proves that,” “in
summary” etc
Altheim, F. (1938). A history of Roman religion. London:
Methuen.
Bagnall, R.S., The Encyclopedia of Ancient History (Wiley-

6. Blackwell, 2012)
Bauman, R. A. (2002). Women and politics in ancient Rome.
Routledge.
Boatwright, M. T., Gargola, D. J., & Talbert, R. J. (2004). The
Romans: from village to empire. Oxford University Press.
Bonfante, L. (1981). Etruscan couples and their aristocratic
society. Women's Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8(1-2),
157-187.
Cartwright, M. (2017, February 14). Etruscan Society. Ancient
History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from
https://www.ancient.eu/article/1016/
Frigo, N. (2015). Women in ancient Rome. Agora, 50(3), 53.
Garrison, E. P. (1991). Attitudes toward suicide in ancient
Greece. Transactions of the American Philological Association
(1974-), 121, 1-34.
Glassman, R. M. (2017). The Status and Role of Women in
Ancient Sumer. In The Origins of Democracy in Tribes, City-
States and Nation-States (pp. 325-347). Springer, Cham.
Hall, J. F. (Ed.). (1996). Etruscan Italy: Etruscan influences on
the civilizations of Italy from antiquity to the modern era.
Indiana University Press
Hallett, J. P. (2014). Fathers and Daughters in Roman society:
women and the elite family. Princeton University Press.
Haynes, S. (2005). Etruscan civilization: a cultural history.
Getty Publications.
Heurgon, J., Daily Life of the Etruscans (Phoenix, 2002).
Lefkowitz, M. R., & Fant, M. B. (1977). Women in Greece and
Rome (pp. 104-6). Samuel-Stevens.

7. Louis, G. (1926). AW Gomme. The position of women in
Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries. Revue des Études
Grecques, 39(183), 465-465.
Pembroke, S. (1967). Women in charge: the function of
alternatives in early Greek tradition and the ancient idea of
matriarchy. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 1-
35.
Platner, S. B. (2015). A topographical dictionary of ancient
Rome. Cambridge University Press.
Pomeroy, S. B. (1973). Selected bibliography on women in
antiquity. Arethusa, 6(1), 125-127.
Stoddart, S. K. (2009). Historical dictionary of the Etruscans
(Vol. 24). Scarecrow Press.
Treggiari, S. (1996). Women in Roman society. I, Claudia.
Women in ancient Rome. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University
Art Gallery, 116-125.
Warren, L. B. (1973). The Women of Etruria. Arethusa, 6(1),
91.
12-15 PAGE RESEARCH PAPER GLOBALIZATION of ITALY
NOTES, Rubric & Special Instructions!
APPROVED TOPIC;
· The role of women, in Etruscan and Greek Civilizations, how
their roles differed by defining those clear distinctions in their
social, cultural and religious influences during Ancient Rome’s
transitioning into the progressive cultivated Modern
Globalization of Italian culture of modern Italy, post WWll
Etruscans had a unique civilization and in many ways, they are
a mysterious race and culture. However, they made a decisive
contribution to the history of Europe, because they shaped in

8. many ways the early development of Rome and even modern
day Italy by extension. The Etruscans were the first
"superpower" of the Western Mediterranean who, alongside the
Greeks, developed the earliest true cities in Europe. They were
so successful, in fact, that the most important cities in modern
Tuscany (Florence, Pisa, and Siena to name a few) were first
established by the Etruscans. Yet the labels ‘mysterious’ or
‘enigmatic’ are often attached to the Etruscans since none of
their own histories or literature survives. This is particularly
ironic as it is reputed that they taught the Romans the alphabet
and spread literacy throughout the Italian peninsula. The Greeks
also played a big role in the history of ancient Rome, and their
impact is dotted in very many aspects of Roman culture and
lore. This study is intended to interrogate between the Etruscans
and the Greeks who had the larger prolific influence regarding
women on Roman Culture.
*Etruscan Civilization and Greek Culture in Italian history on
women and that influence on their roles ancient Rome,
politically, professionally, socially & religiously?
The Etruscans had a unique civilization and in many ways,
they are a mysterious race and culture. However, they made a
decisive contribution to the history of Europe, because they
shaped in many ways the early development of Rome and even
modern day Italy by extension. Many of the most distinctive
features of Roman society were in fact influenced by, or
directly borrowed from the Etruscans. The Etruscans were a
formative influence on Rome and this can be seen in its
religion, culture, urban planning and engineering and they also
helped to establish it as a great city and one of the greatest
powers in Italy. In order to understand Rome it is necessary to
understand the influence of the Etruscans on the Early Roman
Republic.
NOTE: Feedback from instructor on topic - This is an
interesting topic. Pay attention to keeping it focused. See if you

9. can narrow it down even further.
FIN
12-15 PAGE RESEARCH PAPER GLOBALIZATION of ITALY
NOTES, Rubric & Special Instructions!
APPROVED TOPIC;
· The role of women, in Etruscan and Greek Civilizations, how
their roles differed by defining those clear distinctions in their
social, cultural and religious influences during Ancient Rome’s
transitioning into the progressive cultivated Modern
Globalization of Italian culture of modern Italy, post WWll
Etruscans had a unique civilization and in many ways, they are
a mysterious race and culture. However, they made a decisive
contribution to the history of Europe, because they shaped in
many ways the early development of Rome and even modern
day Italy by extension. The Etruscans were the first
"superpower" of the Western Mediterranean who, alongside the
Greeks, developed the earliest true cities in Europe. They were
so successful, in fact, that the most important cities in modern
Tuscany (Florence, Pisa, and Siena to name a few) were first
established by the Etruscans. Yet the labels ‘mysterious’ or
‘enigmatic’ are often attached to the Etruscans since none of
their own histories or literature survives. This is particularly
ironic as it is reputed that they taught the Romans the alphabet
and spread literacy throughout the Italian peninsula. The Greeks
also played a big role in the history of ancient Rome, and their
impact is dotted in very many aspects of Roman culture and
lore. This study is intended to interrogate between the Etruscans
and the Greeks who had the larger prolific influence regarding
women on Roman Culture.
*Etruscan Civilization and Greek Culture in Italian history on
women and that influence on their roles ancient Rome,

10. politically, professionally, socially & religiously?
The Etruscans had a unique civilization and in many ways,
they are a mysterious race and culture. However, they made a
decisive contribution to the history of Europe, because they
shaped in many ways the early development of Rome and even
modern day Italy by extension. Many of the most distinctive
features of Roman society were in fact influenced by, or
directly borrowed from the Etruscans. The Etruscans were a
formative influence on Rome and this can be seen in its
religion, culture, urban planning and engineering and they also
helped to establish it as a great city and one of the greatest
powers in Italy. In order to understand Rome it is necessary to
understand the influence of the Etruscans on the Early Roman
Republic.
NOTE: Feedback from instructor on topic - This is an
interesting topic. Pay attention to keeping it focused. See if you
can narrow it down even further.
FIN