Structuralism was an early school of psychology that studied the structure of the mind and consciousness through introspection. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at Leipzig University in Germany and is considered the father of modern psychology. His student Edward Titchener coined the term "structuralism" and further developed the school. Structuralism viewed the mind as the sum total of experiences and sought to analyze conscious sensations, thoughts, and experiences by examining one's own mental state through introspection.

1. Topic; Structuralism
Instructor; Rustam Ali

2. Schools and Perspectives in
Psychology
• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Behaviorism
• Gestaltism
• Associationism
• Psychoadynamic
• Biological Perspective
• Cognitive Perspective
• Existential Perspective
• Humanistic Perspective
• Cultural Perspective
• Islamic Perspective

3. Wilhelm Wundt
• He was a German
• Father of Experimental Psychology
• First Psychology lab at Leipzig University in
Germany since 1879
• Wilhelm Wundt Considered father of modern
psychology
• Principal of physiological Psychology
• Influence his student Titchener

4. Structuralism
• The word Structuralism was firstly used by
Titchner.
• Structure means the arrangement & relations
between the parts or something complex
• Lism Means a strong belief
• Structuralism Studied the structure of mind
and conscious through Introspection

5. Structuralism Theme
• Mind is the sum total of experiences
– (Feelings and emotions are mind experiences)
• Study of the elements of the consciousness

6. Mind & Brain
Brain
• The brain is an organ
• Part of the body
• Physical existence
• Visible
Mind
• But the mind is not
• Functioning of brain
• Not physical shape
• Invisible

7. Study of Consciousness Mind
• Psychology was established as a discipline
separate from philosophy and biology,
• The study of the conscious experience became
one of the first topics studied by early
psychologists.
• The debate over how to describe and explain the
human mind and behavior began.
• Structuralists used a process known as
introspection to analyze and report conscious
sensations, thoughts, and experiences.

8. Introspection
• Introspection is the examination of one's own
conscious thoughts and feelings.
• In psychology, the process of introspection
relies on the observation of one's mental
state, while in a spiritual context it may refer
to the examination of one's soul

9. Law of Contiguity ( Association)
• A principle of association stating that forming
connections between ideas, events
(stimuli and responses)

10. is the
stimulation of sense
organs, Or activation of
receptors of various
organs
Perception is the process
by which sensory
information is actively
organized and interpreted
by the brain.
Sensation and perception are two separate
processes that are very closely related.
Sensation & Perception

12. Attention
Primary attention
• Involuntary attention
• Involuntary capture of
attention results when
stimuli are selected due to
saliency rather than to task
relevance
Secondary Attention
• Voluntary attention
• Voluntary attention is the
type of attention that is
goal-directed
• Determined by the relevant
task at hand.

13. Thanks