Human memory by rustam

1. Topic; Human Memory
Instructor; Rustam Ali

2. Lecture outline
• What is Memory
• Woodworth L-I-R Formula
• Importance of Memory
• Stages of Memory
• Types of Memory
• Process Of Memory
• Forgetting
• Memory Disorders
• Memory Enhancement Techniques

3. What is Memory
• The word “Memory” have been derived by a
Latin word “Memoria” means retain in mind.
• Memory is the storage of past experiences
• Ability to take information, encode it, store it
and retrieve it when the need arises.

4. Importance of Memory
• Memory is essential to all over lives
• Without memory of the past we can’t operate
our present and think about the future
• Without memory we couldn’t learn anything
• Memory is involved in processing vast amount
of information

5. Stages of Memory

7. Types of Memory
• Sensory Information storage (SIS)
• Short Term Memory (STM)
• Long Term Memory (LTM)

9. Process Of Memory
• Learning
• Retention
• Recall or Reproduction
• Recognition
• Learning involves Attention + Perception+
Retention + Recall + Recognition

10. Woodworth L-I-R Formula
• “Memory Means to remember which has
been learned in the past”, Woodworth
• He Presented L-I-R formula Study Memory
A. L means Learning
B. I means Internal
C. R means Remembering (Recall or Recognition)
• Learning is extremely important element

11. Forgetting
• The inability to retrieve a memory is one of the
most common causes of forgetting.
• Retrieval failure is the failure to recall a memory
due to missing stimuli or cues that were present
at the time the memory was encoded.
• A vitamin B-12 deficiency — common in older
adults — can cause memory problems.
• Hypothyroidism. An underactive thyroid gland
(hypothyroidism) can result in forgetfulness and
other thinking problems.
• Brain diseases

12. Memory Disorders
• Amnesia (mental Conflicts)
• Fugue (shattered Mind)
• Multiple Personality
• Evasion From growth
• Dissociative Disorder

13. Memory Enhancement Techniques
• Attention
• Rehearsal
• Over-Learning
• Spaced Practice
• Organization
• Chunking
• Feedback
• Method of loci
• Minimizing interference
• Whole vrs part Method

14. Thanks