A presentation of Renaissance period by Rustam

1. Renaissance Period
Presented by Rustam

2. Classification of History
Pre- scientific Period
Greek Period
Middle Ages or
Medieval Period
Scientific Period
Renaissance
Period
Modern
Period

3. Scientific Period

4. Renaissance Period 15-17 A.D
• Copernicus
• Galileo
• Francis Bacon
• Descartes
• Robert Hook
• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke
• David Hume
• August Comte
• Immanuel Kant

5. Copernicus (1473-1541 A.D)
• He belong to Poland
• He was an astronomer
• He proved that earth is a planet
• Earth revolves around the sun

6. Galileo ( 1567-1642 A.D)
• He was an Italian astronomer,
physicist & engineer
• He invented telescope &
thermometer
• Brought revolution in physics
• Presenting the law of motions
• Known as "father of observational
astronomy", the "father of modern
physics", the "father of the scientific
method", and the "father of modern
science".

7. Francis Bacon (1596-1650 A.D)
• Separated science & Philosophy
from influence of religion
• Founder of modern science
• Explained social psychology
• Effect of reward and punishment
• Human personality & growthg

8. Rene Descartes (1596- 1650 A.D)
• He was a French philosopher & scientist
• Environmental forces changed inner
• Higher mental activities occur by soul
• He resolved mind & body problem
• Founder of modern science
• Influenced by Gallileo
• He invented analytical geometry
• Linked between geometry and algebra

9. Descartes Dualism
• Descartes was a substance dualist.
• Mind influences body & body influences the mind
• He believed that there were two kinds of substance:
• Matter, of which the essential property is that it is
spatially extended; and mind, of which the essential
property is that it thinks.

10. Thomas Hobbes (1588- 1679 A.D)
• Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher,
• founders of modern political philosophy.
• He refused to admit soul
• Behavior linked with environment
• Mind work with cerebral forces
• Learning through senses
• Best known for his 1651 book Leviathan
• Where he expounds an influential formulation of
social contract theory.

11. Robert Hooke (1635-1703 A.D)
• He was an English scientist, architect, and
polymath
• Who using a microscope
• He visualize a micro-organism.
• An impoverished scientific inquirer in
young adulthood,
• He found wealth and esteem by
performing over half of the architectural
surveys after London's great fire of 1666.

12. Spinoza ( 1677 A.D)
• He was a Dutch philosopher
• Believes that the soul and
body are ultimately one
• Two aspects of reality
• One of the early thinkers of
modern conceptions of the
self and the universe,
• He came to be considered
one of the great rationalists
of 17th-century philosophy
W. Leibniz (1646-1716 A.D)
• German philosopher & universal
thinker
• It was impossible to accept the
doctrine of an immaterial soul
acting upon a material body
• In comparison, Leibniz's impact
is essential and constructive in
forming Wundt's psychology,
philosophy, epistemology &
ethics.

13. John Locke ( 1632- 1716 A.D)
• English philosopher & physician
• Most influential of thinkers
• known as the "Father of Liberalism“
• Didn’t believe in instinct
• Mind is a blank plate from birth
• Plate receives stimuli from environment
• Gives meanings to sensation & forms perception
• Perception forms ideas
• Ideas are associated with memory & become base for
knowledge

14. David Hume ( 1711- 1766 A.D)
• Refused to admit the soul
• Didn’t believe on god & Religion
• Focused on observational method
• Human experienced based on 5 senses
• Mind organizes these sensational
experiences,
• Observation, perception, memory &
thinking is formed with Introspection

15. August Comte (1798-1875 A.D)
• French philosopher and writer
• Believed on Reality
• Which can be observed and
perceived through sensations
• Formulated the doctrine of
positivism.
• He is often regarded as the first
philosopher of science in the modern
sense of the term.

16. Immanuel Kant (1724-1854 A.D)
• German philosopher & thinkers
• Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in
epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and
aesthetics,
• Which made him one of the most influential
figures in modern Western philosophy.
• He believes on God & universe is purposeful
• It is not mechanically formed

17. Kant’s contribution
• Solved Structuralism & functionalism war
• Senses gain information brain process & out it
• Differentiated between internal & external
knowledge
• Science is external knowledge
• Religion is internal knowledge
• Practical wisdom is necessary to access internal
knowledge
• Reasoning cant access the internal knowledge

18. Thanks