"CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHIES AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT” in Philosophy of Education

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY,
ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP - JUL/AUG. 2020
“CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHIES
AND
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT”
in
Philosophy of Education
CC 8609 - B.Ed.
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra

CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHIES AND
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 PERENNIALISM
 PROGRESSIVISM
 ESSENTIALISM
By: Ch. M.Ashraf
2

INTRODUCTION
Contemporary philosophies support social
theory for a philosophy of education, training the
students to be independent and critical thinkers.
These philosophies lay stress on schools to play a
pivotal role in the life of students and the community
Contemporary philosophies emphasize that
curriculum must address the emotional, physical
needs of students, providing them with a balance of
social and technical skills.
3
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, the pupil Teachers can
be able to
• Explain the role of Contemporary Philosophies in
education
• Identify the suitable Philosophy for a Particular
curriculum
• Compare different philosophies for curriculum
development
• Develop their own philosophy for particular
discipline
4
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

PERENNIALISM
Perennial means “everlasting”.
This Philosophy is derived from both idealism
and realism. The roots of perennialism lie in the
philosophy of Plato and Aristotle.
Robert, Maynard, Hutchins are the advocates of
this) philosophy,
5
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

PERENNIALISM
 For perennialists ,The aim of education is to ensure
that students acquire understanding
about the great ideas of Western civilization.
 The focus is to teach ideas that are everlasting, to
seek enduring truths which are constant, not
changing, as the natural and human worlds are at
their most essential level.
 Focus of education should be the ideas that have
lasted over centuries.
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By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Perennialists Curriculum
 Classical subjects, literary analysis and
consider curriculum as constant.
 Attaining cultural, literacy, stressing stusent’s
growth in enduring disciplines.
 To Prepare children to accept their places in a
society built upon a long and tested tradition.
7
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Perennialists Curriculum
 The schools should not address either the
feeling, narrow Interests of students or the
immediate needs of society
8
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Role of Teacher
1. Moral and intellectual authority figure.
2. As a role model.
3. Teacher-centred classrooms and the teachers
are not concerned about the students’ interests
or experiences
9
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Role of Teacher
4. The Teachers should use the teaching
methods and techniques that are beneficial
to disciplining students’ minds
5. Not to inculcate disconnected Information.
6. To impart meaningful and connected
information.
10
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

A well known saying of Perennialist
knowledge is truth, and truth remains the
same in all ages. So there is no need to change
aims curricula, teaching methods etc of
education.
11
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

PROGRESSIVISM
The progressive education philosphy was
established in America from the mid 1920s to
1950s. The philosophical base of progressivism
is pragmatism.
12
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

PROGRESSIVISM
John Dewey was the great advocate of
progressivism.
He said that the school should improve the way
of life of citizens through experiencing freedom
and democracy in schools.
Dewey said, “the school should prepare students to
confront the changing world. He holds the idea that
reality is continually reconstructed, based on an
everchanging universe.
13
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

PROGRESSIVISM
 The progressivists say that there is no
ultimate reality, but changing/ immediate
human experience is reality.
 Dewey says that key value is growth.
 To Dewey That true education is the re-
Constructions and reorganization of
experience.
14
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

PROGRESSIVISM
The Progressvists believe that education
should focus on the whole child, rather than on
the content or the teacher.
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By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Progressivists Curriculum
1. Curriculum is derived from students interests
and needs – (Child centered)
2. Curriculum involves the Application of human
problems and affairs.
3. progressive curriculum is content and method
4. Curriculum is like a lab in which teachers and
students behave like scientists
16
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Progressivists Curriculum
5. Community centered curriculum
6. Activity method, experimental method,
project method
17
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Role of Teacher
1. As a guide – facilitator
2. Stimulates and satisfy the needs/interests
3. Gives educational freedom.
4. Provides conducive learning environment
18
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

ESSENTIALISM
 Beginning in the 1930s and re- emerging with
increased strength in the 1950s and 1980s.
 Essentialism is the break down of perennialism.
 After Perennialism, Essentialism filled the
vacuum.
 Essentialist Philosophy is basically education
movement which opposes Perennialism and
Progressivism partially.
19
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

ESSENTIALISM
 It is based on the belief that there is order and
discipline in the world-based on fixed laws and
Principles
 Essentialist theory of Reality is that the world
and man are governed by order and regularity.
(both idealists and realists hold this view)
20
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

ESSENTIALISM
 Essentialist believe that there is a common
core of knowledge that needs to be
transmitted to Students in a systematic and
disciplined way to maintain intellectual and
moral standard.
 William Bagley was the founder of
essentialistic education.
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By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Curriculum
1. Teachers centered curriculum
2. Importance of content
3. Traditional teaching methods
4. Irreducible body of knowledge, Skills and
attitudes Common to democratic culture.
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By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Curriculum
5. Summative assessment and standardized
tests to determine students’ mastery of
topics and gauge their ability level.
6. Morals and character should be an
important factor to the curriculum.
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By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Role of Teacher
1. An authority for the students
2. To teach most essential and basic academic
skills.
3. Teacher should serve as intellectual and
Moral role Model for the students.
4. Maintains strict discipline is the classroom.
24
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

Role of Teacher
5. Teacher believes in “spare the rod, spoil the
Child“
6. The Teacher believes in traditional methods
of teaching lecture, drill method, repetition,
cramming, demonstration etc.
25
By: Ch. M.Ashraf

26
By:Ch.M.Ashraf

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