The human beharviour has diversity to handle various situations in a multi-faceted organization in different fields. There are five categories- autocratic, democratic, participative, goal oriented and situational. Different styles have been described before explaining Theories presented by researchers and at the end existing educational leadership styles being practiced in Pakistan have also been explained. Discuss the concept of leadership styles Elaborate research conducted by Ohio state University regarding behavioral leadership style. Understand resreach conducted by University of Michigan and taxes regarding leadership styles. Analyse the difference of researches conducted by these Universities. Suggest solutions to meet the challenges of leadership styles in Pakistani education

1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
UNIT-7
LEADERSHIP STYLES
IN
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
CC 6467
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra

2. EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
UNIT - 7
LEADERSHIP STYLES

3. INTRODUCTION
The human behavior has diversity to handle various
situations in a multi-faceted organization in different fields.
There are five categories- autocratic, democratic, participative,
goal oriented and situational. Different styles have been
described before explaining Theories presented by researchers
and at the end existing educational leadership styles being
practiced in Pakistan have also been explained.
3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

4. OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIT
After studying this chapter, the prospective teachers will be able to
• Discuss the concept of leadership styles
• Elaborate research conducted by Ohio state University regarding
behavioral leadership style.
• Understand research conducted by University of Michigan and
taxes regarding leadership styles.
• Analyze the difference of researches conducted by these
Universities.
• Suggest solutions to meet the challenges of leadership styles in
Pakistani education
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

5. LEADERSHIP STYLE
Who is a leader?
Leadership styles are behavioral approaches used to
motivate the followers towards the desired goals. These are
adapted in accordance with the structural design, situation,
groups and individuals of an organization.
These styles are concerned with evolutionary process of
leadership Theories as the history indicates.
Now-a-days contingency Theories have been developed
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

6. Ohio State University
Name of University People Oriented Tasks Oriented
Ohio State University Consideration Initiating Structure
University of
Michigan
Employ- Centered Job Centered
University of Texas Concern for people Concern for Production
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
Trait Theories of leadership were the first to attempt a
systematic approach of studying leadership style in the organization
effectively, but the research had disappointing results. So, a trend was
shifted to behavioral approach. But no leadership style was found
consistent.
Findings of different researches are given below.
Conti…….

7. Ohio State University
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
Analysis of the Studies
Observable behaviors are more important than personality
traits or auto critic and democratic styles. Ohio state University used
questionnaire- Leader's behavior description questionnaire (LBDQ).
Four leadership styles were identified.
1. Low structure and high consideration
2. High structure and high consideration
3. Low structure and low consideration
Conti…….

8. Ohio State University
8
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
Analysis of the Studies (Continued)
4. High structure and low consideration
a. Consideration behavior
• People oriented LBDQ
• This style tends to task oriented and gives importance of
people’s welfare.
b. Initiating structure Behavior
• This LBDQ was meant to define the roles and expectations
from the individuals. (Performance standards are
maintained)

9. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDIES
The study was meant to identify the Principles to enhance job
satisfaction. i.e. employee- oriented and production oriented.
Three main Critical Characteristics of effective leaders.
(i) Task- oriented Behavior
(ii) Relationship- oriented Behavior
(iii)Participative leadership behavior
9
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

10. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDIES
Leadership Grid
Third behavioral approach was proposed by Blake and Mouton of uni. of
Texas. They presented two-dimensional leadership theories- concerned for
people and concerned for production with the following four management
styles.
a. Improvised Management
(Low concern for both people and production)
b. Middle of the road Management
(Balance among work and morale of the people)
c. Team management
d. Authority Compliance
10
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

11. FACTORS AFFECTING LEADERSHIP STYLE
Manifold factor- size of organization, needs of employees,
explosion of knowledge in science and technology etc.
(i) Communication
(ii)Personality traits of leader
(iii)Goal Congruency
(To ensure operations system and organizational activities
support the accomplishment of goals)
(iv)Position of decision making
(Quality of decision making) Continue…….
11
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

12. FACTORS AFFECTING LEADERSHIP STYLE
Five levels of decision making
• Level one (The leader decides alone)
• Level two (The leader gathers input and decides)
• Level Three (The leader holds meetings and listens
to the team)
• Level Four (The leader is a part of team. The group
processes all possible options until
everyone agrees)
• Level Five (Delegation of powers of decision making to
the team)
12
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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13. EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES IN PAKISTAN
A miserable condition of leadership in Pakistani
educational institutes- Not an evolution process in this regard.
There is a need to break away from ‘Policy mechanic paradigm’
and go for ‘class- room culturist model’
❑ Autocratic Leadership style
❑ Bureaucratic Leadership style
❑ Charismatic Leadership style
This style the leader inspires and motivates the followers to
move forward but the demerit is that confidence and
competency rests only with the leader.
13
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

14. EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES IN PAKISTAN
❑ Democrative / Participative Leadership Style
❑ Laissez - Fair Leadership Style
❑ Transactional Leadership Style
The team members are paid in return for their efforts and
compliance and the leader has a right to punish anyone of his
team members if he/ She does not meet required standard.
14
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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15. 15
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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LEADERSHIP STYLES

16. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
16
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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