Science class 11 guys. For thermal propery. Make sure to study well:)))

1. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
INTRODUCTION

2. Relation between Joule and Calorie
• 1calorie=4.18 Joules
• 1kilocalorie = 1000 calories
• The S.I. Unit of Temperature is Kelvin (K) and some of the commonly used units are
: Fahrenheit (°F) and Celsius (°C)

3. • Measurement of Temperature
Mercury in-thermometer

4. RELATION BETWEEN THE TEMPERATURE IN CELSIUS
AND IN FAHRENHEIT
• Equation is:
• (tf -32)/180 = tc/100
• Where tf = Fahrenheit temperature
• tc= Celsius temperature

5. IDEAL-GAS EQUATION AND ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE
• Variables that describe the behavior of gas are:-
• Quantity(mass)
• Pressure
• Volume
• Temperature
• 1.Boyle’s Law– PV = constant
• 2.Charles’ Law- V/T = constant

6. • PV=μRT where μ, is the number of moles in the sample of gas

7. • Absolute Zero
• T = tC + 273.15

8. • Comparison of Kelvin, Celsius and Fahrenheit
temperature Scales

9. • Thermal Expansion
Examples of Thermal Expansion

11. • Reason why Thermal Expansion happens
is:-
When an object is cooled it contracts which is referred
as negative thermal expansion.
• Types of Thermal Expansion
Linear Expansion :- The expansion in length
Area Expansion :- The expansion in area
Volume Expansion :- The expansion in volume

12. • Linear Expansion
Mathematically can be written as:-
Where αl= the coefficient of linear expansion

13. • Area Expansion
Mathematically can be written as:-
ΔA / A =αa ΔT
Where αa = coefficient of area expansion.

14. • Volume Expansion
Mathematically can be written as:-
ΔV / V =αv ΔT
Where αv = coefficient of volume.

15. • Coefficient of volume expansion of copper as a
function of temperature-
Thermal expansion of solids and liquids are small.

16. • Anomalous Behavior of Water
If we plot temperature on X-axis and Density on Y-Axis we will
obtain the graph as given below:-

17. • Relation between αv and αl
Relation between coefficient of linear expansion and coefficient of
volume expansion =

18. • Thermal stress:

19.  Heat Capacity
• It is denoted by S.
• It is given as S = ΔQ/ ΔT
• Where ΔQ = amount of heat supplied to the
substance and T to T + ΔT change in its temperature.
 Specific heat capacity:
• Mathematically can be written as:-
• ΔQ = amount of heat absorbed or rejected by a substance
• m = mass
• ΔT = temperature change
• It depends on the nature of the substance and its
temperature.
• The SI unit of specific heat capacity is J kg–1 K–1.

20. Molar specific heat capacity: -
• Mathematically can be written as:-
• C = S/ μ= ΔQ / μ ΔT
• Where
• μ= amount of substance in moles
• C = molar specific heat capacity of the substance.
• ΔQ = amount of heat absorbed or rejected by a
substance.
• ΔT = temperature change
• It depends on the nature of the substance and its
temperature. The SI unit of molar specific heat
capacity is Jmol–1 K–1

21. • Molar specific heat capacity (Cp):-
• Molar specific heat capacity (Cv):-
Water has highest specific heat of capacity because of
which it is used as a coolant in automobile radiators
and in hot water bags.

22. • Calorimetry

23. • Change of State
• The transition from either solid to liquid or gas and gas to either
liquid or solid is termed as change of state.
• Change from solid (ice) to liquid (water) is known as Melting.
• Change from liquid (water) to solid (ice) is known as Fusion.

24. • Thermal Equilibrium: -
• At this state there is no loss or gain of heat takes place.
• It is depends on the-
o substance
o Pressure.

25. • Regelation:-
Example
Cause of regelation:-
The image above explains how a copper wire can pass
through the block of ice.

26. • Vaporisation: -
• Transition from liquid to vapour.
• It depends on nature of substance & pressure
• It increases with increase in pressure and vice versa.

27. • Sublimation: -
• Transition from Solid to Vapour.
Example:-
• Dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes iodine.
• Naphthalene balls sublimes to gaseous state.

28. THANK YOU