Chemical Mediators of Acute Inflammation
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This document discusses the chemical mediators of acute inflammation. It identifies two main types of mediators - cell-derived mediators and plasma protein-derived mediators. Cell-derived mediators include vasoactive amines, cytokines, eicosanoids, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, leukocytic lysosomal enzymes, and neuropeptides. Plasma protein-derived mediators involve the complement system and coagulation and kinin systems. Each mediator type is then discussed in more detail over several pages regarding their roles in the inflammatory response.
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This document discusses the chemical mediators of inflammation. It describes that mediators can be cell-derived, such as vasoactive amines, lysosomal components, and cytokines, or plasma-derived like those in the kinin, clotting, fibrinolytic, and complement systems. Key cell-derived mediators include histamine, serotonin, platelet-activating factor, nitric oxide, and arachidonic acid metabolites. Plasma-derived mediators activate pathways that increase vascular permeability and recruit leukocytes. Together these mediators initiate and regulate the inflammatory response.
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Viscosity is 5 times greater then the water i.e thicker than water.
Blood is the only fluid tissue.
Blood is a complex connective tissue in which living cells, the formed elements, are suspended in fluid componenet called plasma.
Functions of Blood
Transport of:
Gases, nutrients, waste products
Processed molecules
Regulatory molecules.
Regulation of pH and osmosis.
Maintenance of body temperature.
Protection against foreign substances.
Clot formation.
Blood composition
55% Plasma (fluid matrix of water, salts, proteins, etc.)
45% Cellular elements:
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) (Erythrocytes) : 5-6 million RBCs/ml of blood.
Contain hemoglobin which transport oxygen and CO2.
White Blood Cells (WBCs) (Leukocytes) : 5,000-10,000 WBCs/ml of blood.
Play an essential role in immunity and defense.
Include:
Granulocytes
Neutrophils 40-70%
Eosinophil's 0-1%
Basophils 1-5%
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes 25-40% T cells and B cells
Monocyte 2-8% (phagocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes) : Cellular fragments, 250,000- 400,000/ml of blood.
Important in blood clotting.
Assaignment 1
This document provides an overview of key organic compounds found in nature including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. It describes the basic composition and functions of these macromolecules. Proteins are made of amino acids and perform important roles such as tissue growth, biochemical reactions, hormone messaging, pH maintenance, and energy provision. Nucleic acids contain nucleotides and carry genetic material and protein coding. Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, are not water soluble, and store and release energy. Carbohydrates provide energy and regulate blood glucose through sugars, starches and cellulose.
Protein and Peptide.pptx
PROTEINS: Proteins are the large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds.
Protein > 50 amino acids
PEPTIDES: These are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order of amino acids.
Peptide < 50 amino acids
The Endocrine System/ The Autonomic Nervous System
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. The hypothalamus integrates the nervous and endocrine systems by secreting hormones that control the pituitary gland, and contains centers that exert neural control over endocrine cells in other glands like the adrenals. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, releases hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus via a portal blood vessel system.
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cell derived mediators of chemical mediators of inflammation
cell derived mediators of chemical mediators of inflammation
The Endocrine System/ The Autonomic Nervous System
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Chemical Mediators of Acute Inflammation
- 1. Chemical Mediators of Acute Inflammation Prepared by: Rawa Muhsin
- 4. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 4
- 5. Histamine 5
- 6. Histamine 6
- 7. Serotonin 7
- 8. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 8
- 9. Cytokines 9
- 10. IL-1 and TNF 10
- 11. IL-1 and TNF 11
- 12. Chemokines 12
- 13. Chemokines 13
- 14. Chemokines 14
- 15. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 15
- 16. Eicosanoids 16
- 17. Eicosanoids 17
- 18. Eicosanoids 18
- 19. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 19
- 23. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 23
- 24. Nitric Oxide 24
- 25. Nitric Oxide 25
- 26. Nitric Oxide 26
- 27. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 27
- 31. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 31
- 33. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 33
- 38. The Mediators Cell-Derived Mediators Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Cytokines: IL-1, TNF, and Chemokines Eicosanoids Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocytic Lysosomal Enzymes Neuropeptides and PAF Plasma Protein-Derived Mediators Complement System Coagulation and Kinin Systems 38
- 39. Coagulation and Kinin Systems 39
- 41. Thank you for listening. 41