History Class XII Ch. 3 Kinship, Caste and Class (1).pptx
Unit 14 Improvement of livestock and Poultry.pptx
1. Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy
MVSc, PhD
Guest Faculty
KBR College of Agriculture and Horticulture
Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University
Dr. YSR Horticulture University
2. India has worlds highest milk production, but the productivity of
individual animal is less.
Problems:
1) Low genetic potentiality
2) Low feed resources
Therefore, improving genetic merit is important
8. Inbreeding
Mating of more closely related individuals
Mating of
1. Sire to daughter
2. Sone to dam
3. Full sister to full brother
Close
breeding
9. Mating of less closely related individuals
Mating of
1. Half sister and half brother
2. Cousin mating
Line
breeding
10. Out breeding
Mating of unrelated pure-bred animals within the same breed
To maintain purity of the breed
Eg:- Mating of Ongole bull to Ongole cow
Out crossing
11.
12. Mating of animals of different breeds
For production of new breeds
Common in pigs and hybrid chickens
Cross
breeding
19. Back
crossing
Mating a crossbred animal back to one of the pure parent
races, which were used to produce it.
Commonly used in genetic studies.
Not followed for breeders.
20.
21. Crossing two different species
Jack (male ass) x Mare (female horse) = Mule.
Stallion (male horse) x Jannet (female ass) = Hinny.
Species
hybridization
Zonkey (Zebra and donkey)
23. Bulls of a distinct breed are bred on non-descript cows from
generation to generation.
Final animal resembles the breed of bull used.
After 5-6 generations the off springs will have 96.9 & 98.3% of
the hereditary characters of Pure Breed.
Grading up
Non-descript cow x Jersey Bull
F1 - 50% ND + 50% Jersey x Jersey Bull
F2 - 25% ND + 75% Jersey x Jersey Bull
F3 - 12.5% ND + 87.5% Jersey x Jersey Bull
24.
25. METHODS OF BREEDING IN CATTLE
Artificial insemination (AI) –Where bull semen is introduced in
to the cow ‘s uterus artificially using artificial insemination gun.
Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination
gun
27. Natural mating – A healthy and proven bull is used to mate a cow.
Multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) – A method of
insemination where embryos (fertilized eggs) are transferred in to
the cow‘s uterus.
Generally, one ovum is released from each ovary at the time of
ovulation. But by hormone injection, more ova can be produced
from the ovary. After artificial insemination 4 to 10 embryos are
collected at a time.
Then each embryo is transplanted into a replacement mother
carrier cow. At very low temperature fetuses can be preserved for
several days.