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Ration balancing

  1. Ration Balancing Small Ruminant Webinar Willie Lantz Extension Educator – Garrett County
  2. Ration – Feed fed to an animal in one day Balanced Ration Feed required to meet the animals nutritional requirements in one day
  3. Balancing Rations will: • Provide economical performance – Rate of Gain – Milk Production • Prevent nutritional disorders • Maximize profits
  4. Balancing Ration – Step 1 Environmental Conditions Gather Data Weight Stage of Age Lactation Number Kids in Gestation Milk Production Level Weight Gain Stage of Gestation
  5. Feeds to Use in Ration – Step 2 1. On Farm Feed Resources - Pasture, Hay, Grains 2. Locally Available Feeds - Transportation greatly affects costs of feeds 3. Costs of Feeds - Dry – Early Gestation animals  sell alfalfa hay purchase grass hay.
  6. Determine When Critical Times to Balance Ration – Step 3 • Late Gestation – Last 60 days of pregnancy • Early Lactation – First 60 days of lactation • Late Lactation – 60 days post partum to weaning • Early Finishing – First 60 -90 days after weaning • Late Finishing – 90days post weaning to market
  7. Ration Timing • Matching Breeding Program to Market – Ration will be determined by nutritional needs of the female and offspring to hit a certain market. • Late July Market Goat for County Fair • Does Kid in January – wean at 90-120 days Feeding Program Greatest Need Early Lactation – Jan to Feb Late Lactation– March to April Least Need Dry – Not Pregnant to Early Gestation – May to Oct Late Gestation – Nov to Dec Early Growth (kids) – May to June Late Growth - July
  8. Match Breeding to Feed Availability • Sell kids/lambs in fall • Kid and Lamb in late spring (April) • Does/Ewes and Kids/Lambs to pasture – May 1st Feeding Program Greatest Need - Early Lactation – May – June - Late Lactation – July – August Least Need - Dry & Early Gestation – Sept to Feb. Feed Hay - Late Gestation – March – April - Early Growth – Sept to Oct - Late Growth – Nov to Dec
  9. Determine Animal Needs – Step 4 2007 NRC Small Ruminants Montana State University http://www.msusheepration.montana.edu/default. aspx Alabama Cooperative Extension Montana State University http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0812/ANR- 812tab1.html Maryland Small Ruminant Page http://www.sheepandgoat.com/spreadsheets.html
  10. As Fed versus Dry Matter Basis • All feed have some moisture • AS FED = feed + moisture – Grains & Hay = 10-15% moisture – Silage = 40 – 70% moisture – Pasture = 80-90% moisture Hay 5lbs X .85 DM X 9% CP = .38 lbs CP Silage 5lbs X .40 DM X 9% CP = .18 lbs CP Pasture 5lbs X .15 DM X 9% CP = .07 lbs CP
  11. Make sure you understand if you are looking at nutrient levels based on Dry Matter or As Fed • Shelled Corn Dry Matter Basis = 9.0% CP • Shelled Corn AS Fed = 7.9% Crude Protein HINT – If it list the %DM in a table it will be giving the nutrients in a 100% Dry Mater Basis • Convert  AS Fed X Dry Mater % = DM Basis Most Animal Requirement are Based on DM
  12. Beginning to Balance Ration Start with Dry Matter Intake (DMI) Animal Needed DMI/% Dry Matter Ewe Needs 4.5 lbs DMI Feeding Hay 4.5lbs DMI / .85 (DM) = 5.3 lbs Hay Feeding Silage 4.5 lbs DMI/ .45 (DM) = 10 lbs Silage
  13. Balancing for Protein Determine Animal Need for Crude Protein (CP) Ewe nursing twins – early lactation Needs 4.5 lbs DMI .6 lbs CP Hay 5.3 pounds X .08 (%CP DM) = .424 lbs CP OR .6 lbs CP / .08 (%CP DM) = 7.5 lbs hay/.85%DM = 8.8 lbs Hay as fed needed to meet CP requirement Need to add a high protein feed stuff to ration
  14. Ration Balancing Sheep Montana State University Sheep Ration Balancing http://www.msusheepration.montana.edu/
  15. Goat Ration Balancing Langston University Nutrient Calculator (for goats): http://www.luresext.edu/goats/research/nutriti onmodule1.htm
  16. Calculating a Grain Mix Step 1 Divide each ingredient by the If your ration call for: total amount of feed per day. 1 lbs corn/2.12 = .47 1 pound of cracked corn .3 lbs Distillers/2.12 = .14 .3 lbs SBOM/2.12 = .14 .3 pounds of distillers grain .5 lbs Oats/2.12 = .23 .02lbs Limestone/2.12 = .009 .3 pounds of soybean oil meal .5 pounds of Oats Step 2 Multiply by the total pounds .02 pounds of limestone of feed you would like made. 2.12 pound of grain mix each day 1000 pounds of Feed Corn = .47 X 1000 = 470lbs Distillers = .14 X 1000 = 140lbs SBOM = .14 X 1000 = 140lbs Oats = .23 X 1000 = 230lbs Limestone =.009 X 1000 = 9lbs
  17. Calculating the Protein in your grain mix Corn = 470 pounds X .88 % DM X .09% CP = 37.2lbs CP Step 1 Distillers = 140lbs X .91 % DM X .29% CP = 36.9lbs CP Multiply Crude protein of SBOM = 140lbs X .84 % DM X .54% CP = 63.5lbs CP each ingredient X the Oats = 230lbs X .89% DM X .13% CP = 26.6lbs CP DM% and CP% for that Limestone = 0% CP 0.0lbs CP TOTAL lbs CP 164.2lbs CP ingredient. Step 2 164.2 pounds of Crude Protein / 1000 = Divide the total pounds of .164 or 16.4% Crude Protein Crude Protein by the total pounds of feed OR
  18. Go to the Maryland Small Ruminant Page http://www.sheepandgoat.com/spreadsheets.html Select “Ration Mixer”
  19. Comparing Feed Costs • Determine the cost per pound of protein or TDN • Cost per cwt/(100lbs X %DM X %CP) Distillers $13/(100 X .91%DM X .29%CP)=$.49/lb CP SBOM $18/(100 X .90%DM X .54%CP) = $.37/lb CP Compare protein feeds based on cost per pound of CP and Energy Feeds based on cost per pound of TDN http://www.sheepandgoat.com/spreadsheets.html Select “Comparison of Nutrient Costs”
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