tansmisi transmisi

1. DASAR DAN SALURAN
TRANSMISI

12. Phase Shift
• V(t) = V max sin (ωt + Ѱ)
• Ѱ : phase angle
• V(t) = V max sin (ωt + 450 ) = cos (ωt)

13. Length of Line in λ
• C= f λ
• V= f λ
• λ =
• f =1 MHz; v= 2.99 x108 m/s
• d=1000 km ; d = ? λ
V
f

14. Noise
Noise is any undesired sgnal in a communication circuit.
Noise limits performance’s telecommunication system
Four categories noise:
1. Thermal noise
2. Intermodulation noise
3. Crosstalk
4. Impulse noise

15. • Thermal Noise.
• Thermal noise is a random fluctuation in
voltage caused by the random motion of
charge carriers in any conducting medium at a
temperature above absolute zero (K=273 +
°Celsius).

16. • P = kTB
• The formula to find the RMS thermal noise voltage of a
resistor is given by:
where:
• k = Boltzmann constant (1.38 x10-23 Joules/Kelvin)
• T = Temperature in Kelvin (K= 273+°Celsius) (Kelvin is
not referred to or typeset as a degree)
• R = Resistance in Ohms B = Bandwidth in Hz in which
the noise is observed

18. Intermodulation Noise
Non-linear systems generate harmonics,
meaning that if the input of a non-linear
system is a signal of a single frequency , then
the output is a signal which includes a number
of integer multiples of the input frequency.

19. Sumber impairment transmission

20. Frequency Spectrum