What are the 5 characteristics of Fingerprints?

1. Characteristics of fingerprint
•Prepared by- Sumit kr. Sinha
•Class- B sc. forensic 2nd semester •
•Designation- AFRS volunteer

2.  1.Development of fingerprint’s
 2.Fingerprint patterns
 3.Minutiae of fingerprints
 4.Ridge characteristics of
fingerprints
 5.Types of fingerprints found in
crime scene

3.  Fingerprints begin to develop in the womb during the second trimester of
pregnancy, around the 10th week. The unique pattern of ridges and furrows
on the fingertips is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental
factors. As the skin stretches, it compresses and folds, creating the
characteristic patterns that make up a fingerprint.Once fingerprints have
developed, they remain largely unchanged throughout a person's life.
However, injuries to the skin or certain medical conditions can alter the
appearance of fingerprints.Fingerprints are unique to each individual..

4. Fingerprints are unique patterns of ridges and valleys on the skin of the fingers
and thumbs. There are three main types of fingerprints:
1. Arch: This type of fingerprint has a ridged pattern that starts on one side of
the finger, rises in the middle, and then falls off on the other side. There are
two subtypes of arch fingerprints: plain arches and tented arches.

5.  Loop: This type of fingerprint has a ridged pattern that starts on one side of the
finger, curves around, and exits on the same side. There are two subtypes of
loop fingerprints: radial loops (which flow toward the thumb) and ulnar loops
(which flow toward the little finger).

6. 3. Whorl: This type of fingerprint has a circular or spiral pattern of ridges that
surrounds a central point. There are four subtypes of whorl fingerprints: plain
whorls, central pocket whorls, double loop whorls, and accidental whorls.
Fingerprints are unique to each individual.

7. Minutiae are the small and unique ridge characteristics found on the surface of a fingerprint. These
features are used to identify individuals and are essential for automated fingerprint recognition
systems. Here are some of the common types of minutia:
1. Ridge ending: A ridge ending is the point at which a ridge terminates
2.Bifurcation: A bifurcation is where a ridge splits into two ridges.
3. Island: An island is a small ridge that is surrounded by two or more diverging ridges.
4. Spur: A spur is a small ridge that projects from a ridge.
5. Bridge: A bridge is a short ridge that connects two longer ridges.
6. Delta: A delta is a triangular ridge pattern with ridges diverging in three directions.
7.Core:A core is a central area within a fingerprint pattern that is surrounded by ridges.

8.  8.Ridge dot: It is an isolated ridge who’s length is approximately equal to its width thus looks like a
dot.
 9.Double bifurcation: When a bifurcated ridge immediately bifurcates again in either same or
opposite direction this type of ridge characteristics is called as double bifurcation.
 10.Trifurcation: It is the point where one friction ridge is divided into three friction ridge.
 11.Eye: A single friction ridge that bifurcates and rejoin after a short course and contains as a single
friction ridge is then called as enclosure/eye.
 12.Core: It is also called inner terminus and is approximately central most portion of a pattern It is
present in loop, whorl or composite pattern.
 13.Ridge crossing: A ridge running on its course changes its path and crosses to the other side and
crosses to the other side and intersect ‘s with another flowing ridge.
 14: Hook: A ridge flowing in its direction suddenly develops a side ridge towards the other ridge to
form a hook like structure.

10. TYPES OF FINGERPRINTS
FOUND IN CRIMESCENES
1)Patent prints-This fingerpints are formed by transferring
of coloured material such as paint, ink, dirt, blood or any
other visible material like these.
2)Latent prints-This fingerpints are formed by
transferring of sweet or oily substances .

11. 3)Plastic prints-This fingerpints are generally form on
pliable surface such as soap, mud, wax.