SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 20
नेतृत्व: सिद्धांत भधग III
(अन्तःसियधत्मक सिद्धांत)
Leadership: Theories Part III
(Interactional Theory)
Dr. Rajesh Verma
Asst Professor in Psychology
FGM Govt. College Adampur, Hisar, Haryana
“यदि नेता अपने अनुयादययों पर भरोसा नहीं करता है, तो
वह उनके सशदिकरण के बजाय दनयंत्रण का उपयोग
करेगा”
“If the leader does not trust his
followers, he will use control instead of
empowerment”
अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण का अर्थ
अन्तःसियध का अर्थ है दो या दो से अधिक
लोगों के बीच मौखिक या गैर मौखिक संचार।
अन्तःसियध में परस्पर सूचना के प्रवाह के माध्यम
से दोनों तरफ का व्यवहार सार्थक रूप से
प्रभाववत होता है। जब सदस्यों और सदस्यों के
बीच तर्ा सदस्यों और समूह के नेता के बीच
कई स्तरों पर व्यवहाररक अन्तःसियध होती है तो
इसे अन्तःसियधत्मक दृष्टिकोण कहा जाता है। यह
एक प्रकार का सामाष्जक संज्ञान होता है ष्जसमे
एक दुसरे को समझने की कोशिि की जाती है।
Meaning of Interactional Approach
Interaction means communication
(verbal or non-verbal) between two or
more people. In interaction the two way
transportation of information influences
behaviour at both ends. When the
members and the group leader have
behavioural interaction at multiple levels
then it is called interactional approach. It
is a type of social cognition where each
other’s behaviour is understood.
Interactional Approach
Leader
नेतृत्व का अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण
इि सिद्धांत कध तकक है सक ‘नेतृत्व’ िमूह के िदस्यों
के िधथ और उनकी परस्पर अांतःसियध कध पररणधम होतध
है। अांतःसियध ऐिी आपिी कधयकसवसि के सिए जमीन
तैयधर करती जो गसतशीि होती है। बधि (1981) ने
िुझधव सदयध सक यह दृसिकोण िांबांिों और पधरस्पररक
सहतों को महत्व देने पर कें सित होतध है।
Interactional Approach of
Leadership
This theory argues that leadership
is the outcome of significant interaction
with and within group members. The
interaction prepares the ground for two
way dynamic process. Bass (1981)
suggested that transactional/
interactional approach focuses on the
importance of relationships and mutual
interests.
नेतृत्व नेतध और अनुयधसययों के बीच पधरस्पररक सवसनमय
कध पररणधम होतध है। यह सिद्धांत मधनतध है सक जब िोग
अांतःसियध करते हैं तो वे व्यवहधरों कध आदधन-प्रदधन करते हैं जो
पुरस्कधर यध दांड के रूप में हो िकते हैं। सजन व्यवहधरों के कधरण
पुरस्कधर समितध है उन्हें बनधए रखध जधतध है जबसक अन्य को
अस्वीकधर कर सदयध जधतध है। होल्मन्ि (1950) ने नेतृत्व के
तीन आवश्यक घटकों की पहचधन की है वे हैं भधवनधऐां, कधयक
और अांतःसियध।
The emergence of leadership is the
outcome of reciprocal exchange between
leader and followers. This theory assumes
that when people interact they exchange
certain behaviors which may be in the
form of rewards or punishments. The
behaviour that yields rewards are
preserved while others are negated.
Holmans (1950) identified Action,
Sentiments and Interaction as the three
essential components of leadership.
इन तीनों में ‘अंतःदिया’ को िबिे महत्वपूणक घटक बतधयध
गयध है। होिैंडर (1978) ने िुझधव सदयध सक नेतृत्व एक प्रकधर की
िेन-देन की प्रसियध होती है। यह एक िधमधसजक सवसनमय है जहधां
नेतध और अनुयधयी िगधतधर एक-दूिरे कध मूल्यधांकन करते हैं और
सवचधर िधझध करते हैं । होिांडर ने अांतःसियध के पररणधम को
"इदियोदसनिै सी िे दिट यादन व्यदिगत दवदशिता श्रेय" कहध है,
जो िमूह की आम उम्मीदों िे सवचिन की सडग्री (सस्थसत कध
िूचकधांक) होती है। चौिरी और न्यूकॉम (1952) ने बतयध सक
नेतधओां के पधि बेहतर िधमधसजक प्रत्यक्षण यध अनुभूसत होती है जो
अांतःसियध कध आिधर होती है।
Interaction is the most important
component among the three. Hollander (1978)
suggested that leadership is a process of give
and take. It is a social exchange where leaders
and followers continuously evaluate each other.
Hollander referred the outcome of interaction as
“Idiosyncrasy Credit” which is the degree to
which an individual may deviate from the
common expectancies of the group (Index of
Status). Chowdhry and Newcomb (1952) said
that leaders have superior social perception
which is the base of interaction.
अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण की दवशेततांं
1. अांतःसियध िधमधसजक िांज्ञधन होती है अथधकत दूिरों की
जरूरतों को िमझनध।
2. अनुयधयी इि दृसिकोण में कें िीय होते हैं।
3. नेतध, िमूह कधयक की िम्पूणकतध पर िदयस्यों को पुरस्कधरों के
मधध्यम िे प्रेररत करते हैं।
4. नेतध और िदस्यों के बीच िकधरधत्मक और उत्िधही िांबांि
पधए जधते हैं।
5. िदयस्यों कध व्यव्हधर नेतध के व्यवहधर के जि-प्रपधत
(कै स्के सडांग) प्रभधव के मधध्यम िे िधथकक रूप िे प्रभधसवत होतध है।
Characteristics of Interactional Approach
1. Interaction is social cognition that is
understanding the needs of others.
2. The followers are central to this
approach.
3. Leaders motivate through rewards on
accomplishment of group task.
4. Positive and enthusiastic relationships
are found between leader and members.
5. The followers are transformed through
cascading effect of a leader’s behaviour.
अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण के लाभ
1. अन्तःसियधत्मक दृसिकोण नेतृत्व की भूसमकध के सिए
उपयुक्त व्यसक्त कध चयन करने में मदद करतध है।
2. िदस्य और नेतध िमूह मधमिों में िसिय भूसमकध सनभधते
हैं जो िक्ष्य प्रधसि को आिधन बनधते हैं।
3. यह दृसिकोण िमूह-कें सित होतध है सजि के कधरण िदस्यों
में उच्च स्तर कध िांतुसि कध भधव पधयध जधतध है।
Advantages of Interactional
Approach
1. Interactional approach helps in
selecting the appropriate individual for
leadership role.
2. The members and leader play active
role in group affairs that make goal
realization easier.
3. The approach being group centric
therefore a high level of satisfaction is
found among members.
अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण की कदमयां
1. बडी िांख्यध में िोगों की िसिय भधगीदधरी सनणकय िेने की
प्रसियध को अपेक्षधकृ त िीमी बनधती है।
2. यह दृसिकोण िदस्यों के बीच उत्पन्न िमूह ध्रुवीकरण यध
अिहमसत की सस्थसत के िमय उपयुक्त िधसबत नहीं होतध है ।
3. नेतध कध िदस्यों पर अपेक्षधकृ त कम सनयांत्रण होतध है।
Disadvantages of Interactional
Approach
1. The active involvement of large
number of people makes decision making
process relatively slower.
2. This approach is not suitable in the
event of group polarization or
disagreement among members.
3. Leader have relatively lesser control
over members.
References:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiosyncrasy _credit.
2. Hollander, E. P. (1958). Conformity, status, and
idiosyncrasy credit. Psychological Review,65(2),117–127.
doi:10.1037/h0042501.
3. Chowdhry, K. & Newcomb, T. M. (1952). The relative
abilities of leaders and non- leaders to estimate opinions
of their own groups. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 47, 51-57.
4. Bass, B. M., Waldman, D. A., Avolio, B. J., &
Bebb,M. (1987). Transformational Leadership and the
Falling Dominoes Effect. Group & Organization Studies,
12(1), 73–87. doi:10.1177/105960118701200106.
अगिध व्यधख्यधन
सामादजक उन्मुख व्यवहार:
प्रकृ दत और दनर्ाथरक
Next Lecture
Pro Social Behaviour:
Nature and Determinants
Thanks
Meet You Next Time
vermasujit@yahoo.com

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

SOCIAL THINKING
SOCIAL THINKING SOCIAL THINKING
SOCIAL THINKING
 
Selected theories of leadership
Selected theories of leadershipSelected theories of leadership
Selected theories of leadership
 
Carl Jung Theory of Personality
Carl Jung Theory of PersonalityCarl Jung Theory of Personality
Carl Jung Theory of Personality
 
Charismatic Leadership.pdf
Charismatic Leadership.pdfCharismatic Leadership.pdf
Charismatic Leadership.pdf
 
I/O Psychology Leadership
I/O Psychology LeadershipI/O Psychology Leadership
I/O Psychology Leadership
 
Perception
PerceptionPerception
Perception
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
Psychodynamic Model
Psychodynamic ModelPsychodynamic Model
Psychodynamic Model
 
Theories of Attitude Change
Theories of Attitude ChangeTheories of Attitude Change
Theories of Attitude Change
 
Group influence
Group influenceGroup influence
Group influence
 
12 social psychology
12 social psychology12 social psychology
12 social psychology
 
Presentation on Characteristic of Attitude
Presentation on Characteristic of AttitudePresentation on Characteristic of Attitude
Presentation on Characteristic of Attitude
 
Cross cultural psychology 2nd by sheazahmed383@yahoo.com
Cross cultural psychology 2nd by sheazahmed383@yahoo.comCross cultural psychology 2nd by sheazahmed383@yahoo.com
Cross cultural psychology 2nd by sheazahmed383@yahoo.com
 
Theories of leadership
Theories of leadershipTheories of leadership
Theories of leadership
 
Eysenck three personality trait theory
Eysenck three personality trait theoryEysenck three personality trait theory
Eysenck three personality trait theory
 
CARL JUNG
CARL JUNGCARL JUNG
CARL JUNG
 
Adlerian theory of personality
Adlerian theory of personalityAdlerian theory of personality
Adlerian theory of personality
 
Four goals of psychology
Four goals of psychologyFour goals of psychology
Four goals of psychology
 
Perception
PerceptionPerception
Perception
 
leadership theories.pptx
leadership theories.pptxleadership theories.pptx
leadership theories.pptx
 

Similar to 10 leadership theories interactional approach

9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or approach
9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or  approach9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or  approach
9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or approachRajesh Verma
 
Group Definition and its Types
Group Definition and its TypesGroup Definition and its Types
Group Definition and its TypesRajesh Verma
 
6 leadership types i
6 leadership types i6 leadership types i
6 leadership types iRajesh Verma
 
Counselling meaning and needs
Counselling meaning and needsCounselling meaning and needs
Counselling meaning and needsRenu59
 
Leadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) ppt
Leadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) pptLeadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) ppt
Leadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) pptRahul Chouhan
 
7 leadership types ii by Bales 1950
7 leadership types ii by Bales 19507 leadership types ii by Bales 1950
7 leadership types ii by Bales 1950Rajesh Verma
 

Similar to 10 leadership theories interactional approach (7)

9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or approach
9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or  approach9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or  approach
9 leadership theories Part II situational Theory or approach
 
org conflict.pptx
org conflict.pptxorg conflict.pptx
org conflict.pptx
 
Group Definition and its Types
Group Definition and its TypesGroup Definition and its Types
Group Definition and its Types
 
6 leadership types i
6 leadership types i6 leadership types i
6 leadership types i
 
Counselling meaning and needs
Counselling meaning and needsCounselling meaning and needs
Counselling meaning and needs
 
Leadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) ppt
Leadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) pptLeadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) ppt
Leadership, Motivation & Job Satisfaction (hindi) ppt
 
7 leadership types ii by Bales 1950
7 leadership types ii by Bales 19507 leadership types ii by Bales 1950
7 leadership types ii by Bales 1950
 

More from Rajesh Verma

Fundamental of Statistics and Types of Correlations
Fundamental of Statistics and Types of CorrelationsFundamental of Statistics and Types of Correlations
Fundamental of Statistics and Types of CorrelationsRajesh Verma
 
हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)
हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)
हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)Rajesh Verma
 
1 eng psychology an introduction
1 eng psychology an introduction1 eng psychology an introduction
1 eng psychology an introductionRajesh Verma
 
मानव विकास के सिद्धांत
मानव विकास के सिद्धांतमानव विकास के सिद्धांत
मानव विकास के सिद्धांतRajesh Verma
 
Eng principles of human developmet
Eng principles of human developmetEng principles of human developmet
Eng principles of human developmetRajesh Verma
 
Hin concept of human developmet
Hin concept of human developmetHin concept of human developmet
Hin concept of human developmetRajesh Verma
 
Eng concept of human development
Eng concept of human developmentEng concept of human development
Eng concept of human developmentRajesh Verma
 
prosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindi
prosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindiprosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindi
prosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindiRajesh Verma
 
8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.
8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.
8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.Rajesh Verma
 
4 social norms; types and formation
4 social norms; types and formation4 social norms; types and formation
4 social norms; types and formationRajesh Verma
 
3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi
3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi
3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and HindiRajesh Verma
 
Group functions Part 2
Group functions Part 2Group functions Part 2
Group functions Part 2Rajesh Verma
 
2 Group Formation and Functions
2 Group Formation and Functions 2 Group Formation and Functions
2 Group Formation and Functions Rajesh Verma
 
Socialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T Hisar
Socialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T HisarSocialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T Hisar
Socialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T HisarRajesh Verma
 
Socialisation def, nature
Socialisation def, natureSocialisation def, nature
Socialisation def, natureRajesh Verma
 

More from Rajesh Verma (18)

Fundamental of Statistics and Types of Correlations
Fundamental of Statistics and Types of CorrelationsFundamental of Statistics and Types of Correlations
Fundamental of Statistics and Types of Correlations
 
हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)
हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)
हिंदी_मनोविज्ञान का परिचय (introduction to psychology)
 
1 eng psychology an introduction
1 eng psychology an introduction1 eng psychology an introduction
1 eng psychology an introduction
 
मानव विकास के सिद्धांत
मानव विकास के सिद्धांतमानव विकास के सिद्धांत
मानव विकास के सिद्धांत
 
Eng principles of human developmet
Eng principles of human developmetEng principles of human developmet
Eng principles of human developmet
 
Hin concept of human developmet
Hin concept of human developmetHin concept of human developmet
Hin concept of human developmet
 
Eng concept of human development
Eng concept of human developmentEng concept of human development
Eng concept of human development
 
prosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindi
prosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindiprosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindi
prosocial behaviour cognitive model in hindi
 
8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.
8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.
8 leadership theories trait approach, Theory or viewpoint.
 
4 social norms; types and formation
4 social norms; types and formation4 social norms; types and formation
4 social norms; types and formation
 
3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi
3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi
3 social norms; meaning & characteristics both English and Hindi
 
Group functions Part 2
Group functions Part 2Group functions Part 2
Group functions Part 2
 
2 Group Formation and Functions
2 Group Formation and Functions 2 Group Formation and Functions
2 Group Formation and Functions
 
Socialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T Hisar
Socialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T HisarSocialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T Hisar
Socialisation agents for BA II GJU S&T Hisar
 
Socialisation def, nature
Socialisation def, natureSocialisation def, nature
Socialisation def, nature
 
Sociometery ii
Sociometery iiSociometery ii
Sociometery ii
 
Sociometery i
Sociometery iSociometery i
Sociometery i
 
Attitude
AttitudeAttitude
Attitude
 

Recently uploaded

Kabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaning
Kabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaningKabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaning
Kabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaningDr. Mulla Adam Ali
 
knowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Ed
knowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Edknowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Ed
knowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Edsadabaharkahaniyan
 
बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?
बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?
बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?Dr. Mulla Adam Ali
 
Email Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketing
Email Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketingEmail Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketing
Email Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketingDigital Azadi
 
ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...
ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...
ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...lodhisaajjda
 
2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx
2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx
2011 Census of India - complete information.pptxRAHULSIRreasoningvlo
 

Recently uploaded (6)

Kabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaning
Kabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaningKabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaning
Kabir Ke 10 Dohe in Hindi with meaning
 
knowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Ed
knowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Edknowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Ed
knowledge and curriculum Syllabus for B.Ed
 
बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?
बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?
बाल साहित्य: इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ क्या हैं?
 
Email Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketing
Email Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketingEmail Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketing
Email Marketing Kya Hai aur benefits of email marketing
 
ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...
ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...
ali garh movement part2.pptx THIS movement by sir syed ahmad khan who started...
 
2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx
2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx
2011 Census of India - complete information.pptx
 

10 leadership theories interactional approach

  • 1. नेतृत्व: सिद्धांत भधग III (अन्तःसियधत्मक सिद्धांत) Leadership: Theories Part III (Interactional Theory) Dr. Rajesh Verma Asst Professor in Psychology FGM Govt. College Adampur, Hisar, Haryana
  • 2. “यदि नेता अपने अनुयादययों पर भरोसा नहीं करता है, तो वह उनके सशदिकरण के बजाय दनयंत्रण का उपयोग करेगा” “If the leader does not trust his followers, he will use control instead of empowerment”
  • 3. अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण का अर्थ अन्तःसियध का अर्थ है दो या दो से अधिक लोगों के बीच मौखिक या गैर मौखिक संचार। अन्तःसियध में परस्पर सूचना के प्रवाह के माध्यम से दोनों तरफ का व्यवहार सार्थक रूप से प्रभाववत होता है। जब सदस्यों और सदस्यों के बीच तर्ा सदस्यों और समूह के नेता के बीच कई स्तरों पर व्यवहाररक अन्तःसियध होती है तो इसे अन्तःसियधत्मक दृष्टिकोण कहा जाता है। यह एक प्रकार का सामाष्जक संज्ञान होता है ष्जसमे एक दुसरे को समझने की कोशिि की जाती है।
  • 4. Meaning of Interactional Approach Interaction means communication (verbal or non-verbal) between two or more people. In interaction the two way transportation of information influences behaviour at both ends. When the members and the group leader have behavioural interaction at multiple levels then it is called interactional approach. It is a type of social cognition where each other’s behaviour is understood.
  • 6. नेतृत्व का अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण इि सिद्धांत कध तकक है सक ‘नेतृत्व’ िमूह के िदस्यों के िधथ और उनकी परस्पर अांतःसियध कध पररणधम होतध है। अांतःसियध ऐिी आपिी कधयकसवसि के सिए जमीन तैयधर करती जो गसतशीि होती है। बधि (1981) ने िुझधव सदयध सक यह दृसिकोण िांबांिों और पधरस्पररक सहतों को महत्व देने पर कें सित होतध है।
  • 7. Interactional Approach of Leadership This theory argues that leadership is the outcome of significant interaction with and within group members. The interaction prepares the ground for two way dynamic process. Bass (1981) suggested that transactional/ interactional approach focuses on the importance of relationships and mutual interests.
  • 8. नेतृत्व नेतध और अनुयधसययों के बीच पधरस्पररक सवसनमय कध पररणधम होतध है। यह सिद्धांत मधनतध है सक जब िोग अांतःसियध करते हैं तो वे व्यवहधरों कध आदधन-प्रदधन करते हैं जो पुरस्कधर यध दांड के रूप में हो िकते हैं। सजन व्यवहधरों के कधरण पुरस्कधर समितध है उन्हें बनधए रखध जधतध है जबसक अन्य को अस्वीकधर कर सदयध जधतध है। होल्मन्ि (1950) ने नेतृत्व के तीन आवश्यक घटकों की पहचधन की है वे हैं भधवनधऐां, कधयक और अांतःसियध।
  • 9. The emergence of leadership is the outcome of reciprocal exchange between leader and followers. This theory assumes that when people interact they exchange certain behaviors which may be in the form of rewards or punishments. The behaviour that yields rewards are preserved while others are negated. Holmans (1950) identified Action, Sentiments and Interaction as the three essential components of leadership.
  • 10. इन तीनों में ‘अंतःदिया’ को िबिे महत्वपूणक घटक बतधयध गयध है। होिैंडर (1978) ने िुझधव सदयध सक नेतृत्व एक प्रकधर की िेन-देन की प्रसियध होती है। यह एक िधमधसजक सवसनमय है जहधां नेतध और अनुयधयी िगधतधर एक-दूिरे कध मूल्यधांकन करते हैं और सवचधर िधझध करते हैं । होिांडर ने अांतःसियध के पररणधम को "इदियोदसनिै सी िे दिट यादन व्यदिगत दवदशिता श्रेय" कहध है, जो िमूह की आम उम्मीदों िे सवचिन की सडग्री (सस्थसत कध िूचकधांक) होती है। चौिरी और न्यूकॉम (1952) ने बतयध सक नेतधओां के पधि बेहतर िधमधसजक प्रत्यक्षण यध अनुभूसत होती है जो अांतःसियध कध आिधर होती है।
  • 11. Interaction is the most important component among the three. Hollander (1978) suggested that leadership is a process of give and take. It is a social exchange where leaders and followers continuously evaluate each other. Hollander referred the outcome of interaction as “Idiosyncrasy Credit” which is the degree to which an individual may deviate from the common expectancies of the group (Index of Status). Chowdhry and Newcomb (1952) said that leaders have superior social perception which is the base of interaction.
  • 12. अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण की दवशेततांं 1. अांतःसियध िधमधसजक िांज्ञधन होती है अथधकत दूिरों की जरूरतों को िमझनध। 2. अनुयधयी इि दृसिकोण में कें िीय होते हैं। 3. नेतध, िमूह कधयक की िम्पूणकतध पर िदयस्यों को पुरस्कधरों के मधध्यम िे प्रेररत करते हैं। 4. नेतध और िदस्यों के बीच िकधरधत्मक और उत्िधही िांबांि पधए जधते हैं। 5. िदयस्यों कध व्यव्हधर नेतध के व्यवहधर के जि-प्रपधत (कै स्के सडांग) प्रभधव के मधध्यम िे िधथकक रूप िे प्रभधसवत होतध है।
  • 13. Characteristics of Interactional Approach 1. Interaction is social cognition that is understanding the needs of others. 2. The followers are central to this approach. 3. Leaders motivate through rewards on accomplishment of group task. 4. Positive and enthusiastic relationships are found between leader and members. 5. The followers are transformed through cascading effect of a leader’s behaviour.
  • 14. अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण के लाभ 1. अन्तःसियधत्मक दृसिकोण नेतृत्व की भूसमकध के सिए उपयुक्त व्यसक्त कध चयन करने में मदद करतध है। 2. िदस्य और नेतध िमूह मधमिों में िसिय भूसमकध सनभधते हैं जो िक्ष्य प्रधसि को आिधन बनधते हैं। 3. यह दृसिकोण िमूह-कें सित होतध है सजि के कधरण िदस्यों में उच्च स्तर कध िांतुसि कध भधव पधयध जधतध है।
  • 15. Advantages of Interactional Approach 1. Interactional approach helps in selecting the appropriate individual for leadership role. 2. The members and leader play active role in group affairs that make goal realization easier. 3. The approach being group centric therefore a high level of satisfaction is found among members.
  • 16. अन्तःदियात्मक दृदिकोण की कदमयां 1. बडी िांख्यध में िोगों की िसिय भधगीदधरी सनणकय िेने की प्रसियध को अपेक्षधकृ त िीमी बनधती है। 2. यह दृसिकोण िदस्यों के बीच उत्पन्न िमूह ध्रुवीकरण यध अिहमसत की सस्थसत के िमय उपयुक्त िधसबत नहीं होतध है । 3. नेतध कध िदस्यों पर अपेक्षधकृ त कम सनयांत्रण होतध है।
  • 17. Disadvantages of Interactional Approach 1. The active involvement of large number of people makes decision making process relatively slower. 2. This approach is not suitable in the event of group polarization or disagreement among members. 3. Leader have relatively lesser control over members.
  • 18. References: 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiosyncrasy _credit. 2. Hollander, E. P. (1958). Conformity, status, and idiosyncrasy credit. Psychological Review,65(2),117–127. doi:10.1037/h0042501. 3. Chowdhry, K. & Newcomb, T. M. (1952). The relative abilities of leaders and non- leaders to estimate opinions of their own groups. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 47, 51-57. 4. Bass, B. M., Waldman, D. A., Avolio, B. J., & Bebb,M. (1987). Transformational Leadership and the Falling Dominoes Effect. Group & Organization Studies, 12(1), 73–87. doi:10.1177/105960118701200106.
  • 19. अगिध व्यधख्यधन सामादजक उन्मुख व्यवहार: प्रकृ दत और दनर्ाथरक Next Lecture Pro Social Behaviour: Nature and Determinants
  • 20. Thanks Meet You Next Time vermasujit@yahoo.com