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08.02.16_Scholarly Communication Program: Early Bird Presentation
- 3. Scholarly Communication ¤ System through which research, and other scholarly writings (output) are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use. ¤ Formal & informal ¤ Journal articles, chapters, monographs, conference proceedings ¤ Data sets, data visualizations, working papers, blogs ACRL, “Principles and Strategies for the Reform of Scholarly Communication 1,” 2003.
- 4. History & Purpose ¤ Publication in prestigious journals emanated from learned society publications several centuries ago ¤ First modern journal models published in France, London in 1665 ¤ Mid-19th Century, expanded to the monograph ¤ Not only knowledge & idea exchange, but also reputation, prestige, and assessment process Mulligan, “The Transformation of Scholarly Communications, Part I,” 2015.
- 5. Some Scholarly Publication Statistics ¤ ≈ 50 million research articles published 1665-2009 (Jinha) ¤ ≈ 1.35 million scientific journal articles published per year (2006 est.) (Bjork, Roos, & Lauri) ¤ Global scientific output doubles every nine years (Bornmann & Mutz) ¤ As of 2014, at least 114 million English-language scholarly documents accessible on Web, of which Google Scholar has nearly 100 million. At least 27 million (24%) of these freely available; % OA varies by field, i.e., from 12 to 50% (Khabsa & Giles) Jinha (2010), “Article 50 Million: an Estimate of the Number of Scholarly Articles in Existence” Bjork, Roosr, & Lauri (2008), “Global Annual Volume of Peer Reviewed Scholarly Articles and the Share Available Via Different Open Access Options” Bornmann & Mutz (2014), “Growth rates of modern science: A bibliometric analysis based on the number of publications and cited references” Khabsa & Giles (2014), “The Number of Scholarly Documents on the Public Web”
- 8. Challenges for Libraries Supporting Scholarly Communications ¤ Costs & administration ¤ Subscription journals ¤ New publishing platforms ¤ New funding models ¤ Dissemination and discoverability of research ¤ Discipline-specific needs and differences ¤ Use & reuse issues ¤ Devising adaptive and responsive service models
- 10. Challenge: Access & Impact ¤ 91% reported publishing in peer-reviewed journals, 70% in conference proceedings ¤ 64% reported their research is available for free in these publications ¤ 63% reported publishing in “scholarly monographs or edited volumes” ¤ 24% reported their research available for free in these publications ¤ 40% reported publishing “pre-print or e-print digital archives” ¤ 36% reported these are available online for free 2015 Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey
- 12. Challenge: Discipline-Specific Needs ¤ Larger share medical faculty and social scientists share OA peer- reviewed journal articles or conference proceedings, pre-prints, data, images/media, software or code ¤ Humanists and social scientists more likely to share research OA in blogs; social scientists have high rate of sharing OA in working papers or draft manuscripts ¤ Disagreement across disciplines about how strongly they feel open access is important to maximize impact, communicate findings, etc. ¤ Federal funding mandates that publicly-funded scholarly research and/or data be made freely available online 2015 Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey
- 14. Areas of Need for a UC Berkeley Program ¤ Campus outreach and engagement ¤ Support for new models/platforms of research and publication ¤ Policies to support use and access of research and collections ¤ Visibility for research, publications, and unique rsch. collections ¤ Discoverability of support for research, publishing, teaching
- 16. Scholarly Communication as a Service: Program Foundations SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR PUBLICATION SUPPORT FOR TEACHING SUPPORT FOR OPERATIONS/COLLECTIONS
- 17. Types of Support for Research ¤ Data management, sharing, and discoverability ¤ How visible is the data? How can people find it? What policies should govern data access and content? ¤ Text & data mining ¤ What do our licenses allow, and what should they allow? ¤ How can we get in at the beginning of people’s research so that they are making interconnected research, preservation, and curation decisions? ¤ Collocate services for research support for digital scholarship ¤ Additional organization around supporting (and then later hosting, and promoting digital humanities research/projects) ¤ Use of licensed materials/IP in one’s research
- 18. Types of Support for Publication ¤ Help lead / shepherd transition to open access scholarship ¤ Education re: academic publishing options & impact, IP rights retention & licensing issues (in and of your work), etc. ¤ Visibility, discoverability, and promotion of publications ¤ eScholarship / institutional repository utilization and improvement ¤ Implementation of OA policy ¤ Oversight of OA funds ¤ Permissions requests (outgoing use of UC-authored/owned materials & collections)
- 19. Types of Support for Teaching ¤ For faculty ¤ Use of licensed or copyrighted materials in the classroom or bCourses ¤ For graduate students/undergrads ¤ Presentations on copyrights, maximizing fair use, finding materials to use, protecting your own copyright, academic integrity ¤ Affordable Course Content ¤ Promoting and aiding in development of Open Educational Resources
- 20. Types of Support for Collections & Operations ¤ Digitization programs to build open digital collections - guidance ¤ Currently digitize 300K items/year, 60 million items we can digitize ¤ Rights issues ¤ Library as publisher ¤ Making unique digital research and collections online & discoverable (e.g. DH) ¤ Dissertations & Masters Theses ¤ Opening older dissertations; scanning masters theses ¤ Setting embargo policies; revising submission procedures ¤ Rights release of UC-owned items in HathiTrust
- 23. Support for Research Digital Scholarship Services Digital Project Support Considering a digital research project, or already started and need some help? The Library can: • Talk with you about your research project • Locate and coordinate needed support • Partner with you to plan or implement your project • Help preserve your project and make it discoverable
- 25. UCSF
- 36. Priorities ¤ Develop program plan (goals and benchmarks) ¤ Website of services ¤ Training & updates for library staff ¤ Use of intellectual property in one’s research, publications, and courses ¤ Publication choices and impact ¤ Open Access publishing, and the UC OA policy ¤ Training materials and workshops for faculty and students ¤ Campus outreach ¤ Strategic planning & analysis for schol comm more broadly, involvement in schol comm community
- 37. Join the effort! ¤ Scholarly Communication Expertise Group ¤ Suggest trainings and workshops for your departments/divisions ¤ Let me know how I can help This presentation is issued under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) Photos © 2016 by Rachael G. Samberg
Editor's Notes
- Mainly wanted to thank everyone for welcoming me, taking the time to meet with me and discuss your work, what your needs are. Today I just wanted to introduce what a schol comm program is/might be, and what I’ve been planning for ours to meet the needs that you’ve brought to my attention. Obviously this will be an evolving and adaptive program to the changing scholarly communication landscape—a landscape I hope this program will help shape, rather than just respond to. But I wanted to introduce you to the plan shaped by what you and I have discussed so far, so that you have a sense of how we aim to be leading service providers in this space.
- So, what is scholarly communication? Is it discussing research results over ice cream? Not yet, but we might get there.
- These are some relatively outdated statistics, and just cover journals, not monographs Takeaway: The volume of scholarly output is enormous, and growing.
- The University of California performs nearly one-tenth of all the academic research and development conducted in the United States, and produces 1/12 of all U.S. Research Publications; 2015 UC Accountability Report This graph shows the publication impact of UC publications 2009-2013, taking into account both volume and quality of research output through a Field-Weighted Citation Impact. Field-weighted citation impact divides the number of citations received by a publication by the average number of citations received by publications in the same field, of the same type, and published in the same year. The world average is indexed to a value of 1.0. Values above 1.0 indicate above-average citation impact. Here, the U.S. FWCI for this period is 1.48, meaning 48% above average. The fact that UC has an FWCI impact of 2.15 indicates that the average paper from that campus was cited 115% above the world average.
- The output of the faculty, graduate and undergraduate students globally and at the UC is enormous. So, what are the LIBRARY’s roles with respect to supporting scholarly communication? This system of scholarly communication requires not only availability of research and published materials, but also their review, use, and reuse as part of an active and evolving exchange of ideas. Faculty and students also need assistance in the research in support of their scholarship, and to be able to find and access new information in teaching and learning. How do we make sure that our scholars can find the information they need for research and instruction, and that other scholars can find the works of our faculty so that the work of our faculty have a great impact? Libraries are trying to figure this out, but there are obviously some challenges.
- COSTS: The books, periodicals and journals in which research findings are published, and that scholars need to access, are expensive and often only available through subscriptions. This puts them beyond the reach of many researchers, students, journalists and others with limited financial resources, especially in developing regions. NEW PUBLISHING PLATFORMS: New publishing platforms can result in output being spread widely, but hard to find. Example of changing platform: Wellcome Open Research forthcoming, a journal and eprint/preprint/data platform paid for by a research funder – certainly a new model for open access. So, Wellcome Trust is positioning itself as a journal for funded research, made available by the funder – they pay for open access books and book chapters (in addition to articles) and share data about how much they spent to make articles and books open access. NEW FUNDING MODELS: If we want scholarly output to be accessible, and we can’t afford to keep paying subscriptions, new models allow authors to pay to publish and the work becomes available open access. The library could use its collections budgets to cover reimbursing authors for the fees – called Article Processing Charges. There’s ongoing debate about the economic impact of this model, and whether this is the direction libraries should be moving. At the same time, the library is still responsible for: making sure research is disseminated and discoverable, responding to discipline-specific needs, Dealing with licensing and use issues Providing tailored service amidst change
- As we mentioned, costs are a big challenge for libraries supporting their scholars. On the left: ARL Statistics 2010-2011 On the right: This is just for CDL-negotiated journal license packages; doesn’t include individual journals to which UCB subscribes
- Scholarship in the open is better for scholars – they can access what they need, and other people can access and cite their work. It’s also better for libraries –it improves our ability to disseminate the outcomes of research and get the materials they need into the hands of students, teachers and others quickly and efficiently. These are results form a recent faculty survey regarding how and whether they’ve published open access over the past five years.
- One way to make scholarly communications broadly available is through deposit in an institutional repository, in addition to (or perhaps in lieu of) publication in a journal or book. To ensure that research findings become public and reach a broad audience, UC has adopted Open Access policies enabling UC authors to make their articles available through the eScholarship repository, operated by UC’s California Digital Library. This map shows the geographic distribution and concentration of article downloads for materials deposited in eScholarship, the repository run by UC’s California Digital Library. There are currently over 100,000 open access publications available in the repository, 20,000 of which have been recently deposited under the UC Academic Senate’s Open Access Policy. One of the issues with depositing works in institutional repositories, however, is actually getting scholars to participate and do it!
- Another challenge libraries face in supporting scholarly communications is responding to discipline-specific needs.
- So, those are just some of the challenges libraries face in supporting schol comm. How are they addressing these? Through schol comm programs. We’re a little behind, but I promise we’re going to catch up and shoot past into the lead. Also, many of these don’t address a full range of research and publication needs in schol comm. We’re going to be strategic, bigger picture thinkers.
- I’ve been talking to you for the past six weeks, collecting your invaluable insight on what your departments need Uptake of participation in eScholarship – 25%, that’s actually probably high
- Library is a Service Organization. To meet the needs of our faculty and students, we must treat scholarly communication as a service, too. That means we’re all scholarly communication service providers. Many of the services I’ll be outlining for the program are things we’re already doing, together, and that I can help with and build programming around. Other initiatives will be entirely new service areas for the Library.
- Libraries support entire lifecycle of scholarship, and managing research data to make it discoverable as a discrete scholarly communication is an increasingly high-demand library service. Further, there are mandates form funding agencies that have made data management and sharing a high priority for researchers and, in turn, libraries.
- Google & Hathi scanned from NRLF, and are continuing to do so. One project would be to check for all UC-authored publications in Hathi, and get them all opened for public viewing. Moreover, when UC students request that particular materials (e.g. their own dissertations) be opened on Hathi, the request process and processing of requests is haphazard)
- Some ideas of what I can do under each of those four pillars
- The website will address all the services we provide to support research, publication and instruction within the schol comm program This is just part of a sample mock-up I created
- Looking into forming a working Group to coordinate the work the library’s doing to support digital scholarship (e.g. with DH – will talk to Stacy Reardon)
- And, if scholars have these profiles, they now have a reason to add their publications to Symplectic – it will go to eScholarship, the institutional repository, and their public-facing profile. It can also be connected to the promotion and tenure process – they can pull from this. So, it’s not duplicative for faculty to put things in eScholarship AND their department website AND the promotion system.
- In turn, if faculty participate in publication management system, then we can include them in a bibliography we generate from that system. We’d like to be able to show departments a bibliography of works published by their authors that year, or semester – and to recognize authors whose works were made available open access through our BRII funding plan.
- The program can help scholars understand their scholarly impact, and how to boost their public profile. For instance, if we help set up ORCIDs, this connects research to their profiles across platforms. Right now, eScholarship is a little clunky. I added this paper both to eScholarship and to my ORCID separately.
- I really want to stress that a big part of this program is not just flexibly and adaptively responding to the changing schol comm landscape, but also to set precedent and help shape that landscape. This requires strategic planning, and active engagement in the scholarly communication community. One thing the Library has already been doing, largely overseen by Margaret Phillips, is administering the BRII program which covers article processing charges – the author pays system of making material OA. Margaret and I will continue her great work, and promote BRII even further. The schol comm program also needs to think strategically about funding models for all of scholarly communication, including OA monographs.
- Narrative is critical for buy-in.
- Think about and develop terms of use issues, to help work towards making the program even more impactful.
- Work with Graduate Division on this
- Scope and extent of my involvement in each of these areas unclear But is clear need to work collaboratively Sorry if I step on toes and boundaries; please bear with me as we discover the contours of the program