This aims to help Information Security students at Royal Holloway, University of London, understand the importance of referencing and introduce them to Harvard and Vancouver referencing styles.

1. LibraryLibraryServices
An Introduction to Referencing
Leanne Workman, Information Consultant for ISG
http://libguides.rhul.ac.uk/InformationSecurity/Referencing

2. LibraryDepartment
My aim today is to answer these questions…
• What is plagiarism?
• What is referencing? And why should I do it?
• How do I reference in Harvard?
• How do I reference in the numbered or ‘Vancouver’
style i.e. [1] or (1)?
• What reference management tools are there out
there to help me?

3. 3
What is
plagiarism?

4. What is plagiarism?
• Passing off as your own a piece of work
that is partly or wholly the work of
another student
• Citing and referencing sources that you
have not used
• Quoting, summarising or paraphrasing
material in your assignment without
citing the original source
• 'Recycling' a piece of your own work that
you have previously submitted for
another module or course (i.e. self-
plagiarism).
(Palgrave Study SkillsOnline, 2018)

5. Avoiding plagiarism
• Take effective notes
• Don’t leave assignments
to the last minute
• Keep a note of the
sources you have used
• Reference accurately and
correctly

6. 6
What is
referencing?!

7. What is referencing and why do I need
to do it?
• Acknowledge when using
someone’s work
• To make clear to the reader that
this idea is not your own
• Demonstrate the breadth of
reading, viewing and individual
research
• Support your argument
• To allow you, your tutor and other
readers to retrieve items that you
have mentioned
• To avoid accusations of plagiarism

8. Styles of referencing
There are many many different styles of referencing e.g.
• Harvard Referencing
• Chicago
• Vancouver, or also known as “numbered”
The Information Security Department is happy for you to use any
style as long as you are CONSISTENT.
Support is available for all styles, further guidance can be found
here http://libguides.rhul.ac.uk/InformationSecurity/Referencing

9. Referencing consists of…

10. 10
Referencing in
the Harvard
style

11. How to reference a book
InText
(Author,Year, Page number)
‘It is customary to acknowledge blah blah blah’ (Lipson, 2016, p. 14)
Lipson (2016, p.77) states that this term was a label applied
retrospectively…
Structure of the reference for Bibliography:
Surname, Initial (Year book was published) Title of book. Place of
publication: Publisher.
Example reference:
Lipson, H. (2016) Driverless: intelligent cars and the road ahead. Cambridge:
MIT Press.

12. How to reference an academic journal
InText
(Author,Year: Page number)
e.g. (Lee, 2017, p. 26)
Structure of the reference:
Surname, Initial (Year journal issue was published) ‘Title of article’,
Title of journal,Volume number (issue number), page range of
article
Example reference:
Lee, C. (2017) ‘Grabbing the wheel early: moving forward on
cybersecurity and privacy protections for driverless cars’, Federal
Communications LawJournal, 69(1), pp. 25-30.

13. How to reference a website
InText
(Author/Organisation,Year)
(Arthur, 2018)
Structure of the reference: Author/Organisation (Year) Title of web
document or web page. Available at: web site address (Accessed
date).
Example reference: Georgetown University (2014) Top 10 threats to
information security. Available at:
https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/masters-technology-
management/resources/top-threats-to-information-technology
(Accessed: 7th February 2018).

14. LibraryDepartment
Reference List
Georgetown University(2014) Top 10 threats to information
security. Available from:
https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/masters-technology-
management/resources/top-threats-to-information-technology
(Accessed: 7th February 2018).
Lee, C. (2017) ‘Grabbing the wheel early: moving forward on
cybersecurity and privacy protections for driverless cars’, Federal
Communications LawJournal 69(1), p.25-30.
Lipson, H. (2016) Driverless: intelligent cars and the road ahead.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

15. 15
Referencing in
the ‘Vancouver’
style

16. LibraryDepartment
Vancouver style referencing
In-text references should be numbered (1) or [1] – it doesn’t
matter which, as long as you do it consistently.
The full references should appear at the end of the
assignment listed numerically in the same order they were
cited in the text.The reference should contain:
• Author surname followed by initials
• Title of article
• Title of the journal
• Publication Date
• Volume number (Issue number in brackets if there is one)
• Page numbers…

17. How to reference a book (1)
Structure of the reference for Bibliography:
Surname Initial.Title of book. Place of
publication: Publisher;Year.
Example reference:
Lipson H. Driverless: intelligent cars and the road
ahead. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2016.

18. How to reference an academic journal
(2)
Structure of the reference:
Surname Initial.Title of article. Title of journal Year
month day;Volume number (issue number): page
range of article.
Example reference:
Lee C. Grabbing the wheel early: moving forward on
cybersecurity and privacy protections for driverless
cars. Federal Communications Law Journal 2017 Mar;
69(1): 25-30.

19. How to reference a website (3)
Structure of the reference:Author/Organisation.Title
of web document or web page. [Internet].Year. [Cited
Year Month Day]; [Number of screens or pages].
Available from: web site address
Example reference: Georgetown University.Top 10
threats to information security. [Internet]. 2014 [cited
2018 Feb 7]; [2 screens]. Available from:
https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/masters-
technology-management/resources/top-threats-to-
information-technology

20. LibraryDepartment
Reference List
(1) Lipson H. Driverless: intelligent cars and the road ahead.
Cambridge: MIT Press; 2016.
(2) Lee C. Grabbing the wheel early: moving forward on
cybersecurity and privacy protections for driverless cars. Federal
Communications LawJournal 2017 Mar; 69(1): 25-30.
(3) Georgetown University. Top 10 threats to information security.
[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2018 Feb 7]; [2 screens]. Available from:
https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/masters-technology-
management/resources/top-threats-to-information-technology

21. 21
Top tips to
remember
when it comes
to
referencing…

22. LibraryDepartment
REMEMBER…
BE
CONSISTENT!!

23. LibraryDepartment
REMEMBER…
And there is always help available…
 Refer to your handbook:
https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/is
g/documents/pdf/project/mscprojecth
andbook15onwards.pdf
 This book covers all sorts of
referencing styles (real focus on
Harvard) > > > >
 ME! 
Leanne.workman@royalholloway.ac.uk

24. InText Citations – when are they
needed?
• When you quote someone word for word
• E.g. ‘It is customary to acknowledge that…’ (Bould, 2005, p.
14)
• When you paraphrase someone i.e. putting something into
your own words
• E.g. Bould (2005, p.77) states that the term was a label
applied retrospectively
• When you summarise e.g. sum up someone’s argument, whole
theory/article
• E.g. One important study (Harrison, 2007) looks closely at
the correlation between…

25. 25
What reference
management
tools are there
to help me?

26. LibraryDepartment
Reference ManagementTools – what do they do?
• Capture, save and organise references
• Generate bibliographies and in-text citations (with plug-ins
into Word and Google Docs, etc) in many different types of
citation styles
• The Library provides access and support to:
RefWorks, Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley…
But there are others and all tools usually have online self-
help tutorials…

27. Reference Lists
Palgrave Study Skills Online (2018) Referencing and avoiding
plagiarism. Available at:
https://www.macmillanihe.com/studentstudyskills/page/Referenci
ng-and-Avoiding-Plagiarism (Accessed: 14 September 2018).
Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2016) Cite them right. 10th edn. London:
Palgrave Macmillan.

28. 2
Want further help?
Leanne.Workman@rhul.ac.uk
http://libguides.rhul.ac.uk/Inform
ationSecurity/Referencing
1-2-1 Sessions (or you can simply
email me! )