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How to reference right
1. Get ready for university study
“Learning to give credit where credit is due.”
|Avoiding Plagiarism |
|Academic citation and referencing basics|
By Megna Kalvani
Department of Media and Communications
Manipal University, Dubai
Updated September 2011
3. What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is the act of fraud as it involves „copying‟,
„borrowing‟ or „stealing‟ someone else‟s work and
passing it off as your own.
4. Types of Plagiarism
"Copy & Paste
Plagiarism”
“Word Switch “Style
Plagiarism” Plagiarism”
“Potluck “Labor of
Plagiarism” Laziness”
“Self-Stealing”
6. Ways to avoid Plagiarism?
Cite your sources
Foot/end notes
12. Don Kennedy, "New Climate News," Science, volume 290 (November 10, 2000), 1091.
In-text citation
Ward (2003) categorizes the journalistic process into four stages (Refer Journalism
Online pg.18)
Ward (2003) categorizes the journalistic process into four stages (pg.18)
Citing websites
Carnes, Mark C. "Setting Students’ Minds on Fire." The Chronicle of Higher
Education, March 6, 2011. Online. Available:http://chronicle.com/article/Setting-
Students-Minds-on/126592/. March 14, 2011.
Paraphase!
7. Paraphasing
Examples of paraphrasing:
Blah blah blah blah blah. Although the materials were originally
developed for a comparatively small user group, many others have
also found them useful. (Smith, 2008). Blah blah blah blah blah
blah blah.
Blah blah blah blah blah. According to Smith (2008), although the
materials were originally developed for a comparatively small user
group, many others have also found them useful. Blah, blah blah,
blah blah blah.
According to Smith (2008) …
Smith (2008) reported …
Research by Smith (2008) suggests …
A recent study demonstrated …… (Smith & Jones 2008)
8. What‟s the difference between biblio‟s and reference lists?
A Reference list Bibliography
Contains all the items Contains all the sources
you have referred to you have read but not
directly and cited within cited within your text.
your text. (Usually this is background reading).
10. What details should the reference list include?
What details a reference list should include?
Book Author, Date, Title, Where published, Publisher.
Chapter in a book Author, Date, Chapter title, Book title, Editor, Page range,
Where published, Publisher.
Journal article Author, Date, Article title, Journal title, Volume number,
Page range.
Internet reference Author, Date published (if available), Article title,
Publication title (if available), Web address, Date accessed.
11. How to easily create a reference
list?
ON
MICROSOFT WORD
12. Styles accepted
Chicago
Example:
Duiker, William. J. Contemporary World History. 5th. Cengage Learning, 2009.
APA
Example:
Duiker, W. J. (2009). Contemporary World History (5th ed.). Cengage Learning.
MLA
Example:
Duiker, William. J. Contemporary World History. 5th. Cengage Learning, 2009.
13. Visual Communication
Designs
Ripping them off, imitating and getting inspired
Animations
-Characters
-Inspired by characters
Music
25. What not to reference?
Common
Knowledge
Your Own Ideas
26. Be wary of cutting and pasting - you risk
committing plagiarism by accident.
Referencing
tips Take notes in your own words. (This also helps
you learn).
Note down all your references as you read, and
organise them as you go along.
Make sure your citations match up with the
reference list at the end.
Follow standard conventions, and ensure your
references are:
Complete
Consistent
Correct
} The 3 C’s
Always check the referencing guidelines for your
assignments.
27. References and Further Reading:
Types of Plagiarism Taken From:
Barnbaum, C. “Plagiarism: A Student's Guide to Recognizing It and Avoiding It.” Valdosta State
University. http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/personal/teaching_MISC/plagiarism.htm
Liles, Jeffrey A. and Michael E. Rozalski. “It's a Matter of Style: A Style Manual Workshops for
Preventing Plagiarism.” College & Undergraduate Libraries, 11 (2), 2004, p. 91-101.
Definitions and Referencing principles:
www.plagiarism.org
www2.napier.ac.uk
www.collegeboard.com
More examples: Just Creative Designs. 2008.
http://justcreativedesign.com/2008/02/20/graphic-design-plagiarism-rip-offs/
Editor's Notes
The Merriam-Webster Online dictionary defines ‘Plagiarize’: “-to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own-to use (another's production) without crediting the source-to commit literary theft-to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.”Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work, or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of this literary offense.Information could include or range from web pages, books, songs, television shows, email messages, interviews, articles, artworks or any other medium. Plagiarism.org highlights that whenever students paraphrase, summarize, or take words, phrases, or sentences from another person's work, it is necessary to indicate the source of the information within your paper using an internal citation. It is not enough to just list the source in a bibliography at the end of your paper. Failing to properly quote, cite or acknowledge someone else's words or ideas with an internal citation is plagiarism.
“Copy & Paste Plagiarism""Any time you lift a sentence or significant phrase intact from a source, you must use quotations marks and reference the source.""Word Switch Plagiarism""If you take a sentence from a source and change around a few words, it is still plagiarism. If you want to quote a sentence, then you need to put it in quotation marks and cite the author and article. But quoting Source articles should only be done if what the quote says is particularly useful in the point you are trying to make in what you are writing." In many cases, paraphrasing and then citing the original sources is a better option."The Self-Stealer"The writer "borrows" generously from his or her previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions."Style Plagiarism" "When you follow a Source Article sentence-by-sentence or paragraph-by-paragraph, it is plagiarism, even though none of your sentences are exactly like those in the source article or even in the same order. What you are copying in this case is the author's reasoning style."Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper's appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases."The Potluck Paper"The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing."The Labor of Laziness"The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work.
How do we know you’re plagiarizing?We are all media professionals, we just know. Not to mention the number of softwares we can scan your assignments with.
The basic principle
Examples of paraphrasingBlah blahblahblahblah. Although the materials were originally developed for a comparatively small user group, many others have also found them useful. (Smith, 2008). Blah blahblahblahblahblahblah.Blah blahblahblahblah. According to Smith (2008), although the materials were originally developed for a comparatively small user group, many others have also found them useful. Blah, blah blah, blah blahblah.Notice the way paraphrased information is integrated into the flow of the main text.
Students are often only asked for a reference list. In some cases however, no distinction is made between the two.
Common KnowledgeYou don't have to give credit for a fact stated in your own words, such as information that is common knowledge:For examples: “Hey Jude” is a song by the Beatles, an acclaimed English rock band.George Washington was the first president.Plato spent most of his life in Athens.Maine has a lower yearly average temperature than Florida.However you need to cite statements that do not emit common knowledge:Examples: Civilizations that were aware of geese usually considered them intermediaries between heaven and earth (Toussaint-Samat 352).The Chinese fishing industry produces 800,000 tons of fish annually (Toussaint-Samat 328).The first international coffee syndicate was based in Germany (Toussaint-Samat 590).Your Own IdeasYou also don't have to give a citation for facts or ideas that you yourself have established. Make the origin of your material clear:“After conducting a survey of sophomore engineering majors, I found that 72 percent cite the potential for high salaries after graduation as an important factor in their choice of major.”
