This document provides an introduction to Harvard referencing. It explains why referencing is important, such as acknowledging others' work and supporting arguments. It defines plagiarism and how to avoid it through effective note taking and referencing. The document outlines the key components of Harvard referencing, including in-text citations and reference lists. It provides examples of how to reference different resources like books, journal articles, websites and more. Students are advised to be consistent in their referencing style and to seek help from library resources if needed.

1. Introduction to Harvard
Referencing
October 2018
RachelWhite

2. What is referencing and why do I need
to do it?
• Acknowledge when using
someone’s work
• To make clear to the reader that
this idea is not your own
• Demonstrate the breadth of
reading, viewing and individual
research
• Support your argument
• An academic school for all levels
• To allow you, your tutor and other
readers to retrieve items that you
have mentioned
• To avoid accusations of plagiarism

3. What is Plagiarism and how to avoid
it?

4. What is plagiarism?
• Passing off as your own a piece of work
that is partly or wholly the work of
another student
• Citing and referencing sources that you
have not used
• Quoting, summarising or paraphrasing
material in your assignment without
citing the original source
• 'Recycling' a piece of your own work that
you have previously submitted for
another module or course (i.e. self-
plagiarism).
(Palgrave Study SkillsOnline, 2018)

5. Avoiding plagiarism
• Take effective notes
• Don’t leave assignments
to the last minute
• Keep a note of the
sources you have used
• Reference accurately and
correctly

6. Harvard Referencing

7. Styles of referencing
There are many many different styles of referencing e.g.
• Harvard Referencing
• Chichago
• MHRA
• MLA
The Media Department is happy for you to use any style as long as you are CONSISTENT.
Support is available for all styles, further guidance can be found here
http://libguides.rhul.ac.uk/MediaArts/referencing
This presentation is based on the referencing guide Cite them right, copies can be found in
the library.

8. Harvard Referencing consists of…

9. InText Citations – when are they
needed?
• When you quote someone word for word
• E.g. ‘It is customary to acknowledge that film noir was a retrospectively applied
generic label’ (Bould, 2005, p. 14)
• When you paraphrase someone i.e. putting something into your own words
• E.g. Bould states that the term film noir was a label applied retrospectively
(2005, p.77
• When you summarise e.g. sum up someone’s argument, whole theory/article
• E.g. One important study (Harrison, 2007) looks closely at the historical and
linguistic links between European races and cultures

10. Common Knowledge and when to cite
Common Knowledge
Ask yourself:
Did I know this information before you started your course?
Did this information or idea come from my own brain?
If the answer to either or both of these questions is no, then the information is not
common knowledge and you should cite.
(Pears and Shields, 2016, p. 3)

11. Common Knowledge and when to cite
When to cite:
Distinctive ideas
Whenever the ideas or opinions are distinctive to
one particular source.
Distinctive structure or organising strategy
Even though you may have put it into your own
words, if the author has adopted a particular
method of approaching a problem, or there is a
distinctive intellectual structure to what’s written,
for example to an argument or to the analysis of a
concept, then you must cite the source.
Information or data from a particular source
If you’ve gathered information from a source in
the form of facts, statistics, tables and diagrams,
you will need to cite the source, so your readers
will know who gathered the information and
where to find it.
Verbatim phrase or passage
Even a single word, if it is distinctive to your author’s
argument.You must use quotation marks and cite the
source.
If it’s not common knowledge
Whenever you mention some aspect of another
person’s work, unless the information or opinion is
widely known, you must cite the source, so your
readers can follow it up.
Whenever in doubt, cite it!
It will do no harm, as long as you’re not citing just to
impress the examiner in the mistaken belief that
getting good grades depends upon trading facts, in
this case references, for marks.
(Palgrave Study Skills,2018)

12. How to reference different
resources?

13. How to reference a book
InText
(Author,Year, Page number)
‘It is customary to acknowledge that film noir was a retrospectively
applied generic label’ (Bould, 2005, p. 14)
Bould states that the term film noir was a label applied
retrospectively (2005, p.77)
Structure of the reference for Bibliography:
Surname, Initial (Year book was published) Title of book. Place of
publication: Publisher.
Example reference:
Bould, M. (2005) Film Noir. London:Wallflower Press.

14. How to reference a chapter in a book
InText
(Author of Chapter,Year, Page number)
(Spiegel, 1981, p.317)
Structure of the reference for Bibliography:
Surname, Initial (Year book was published) ‘Title of Chapter’, in Editors name
(ed.) Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, page numbers of chapter
Example reference:
Spiegel,A. (1981) ‘The CinematicText’ in Horton,A. and Magretta, J. (ed.)
Modern European Filmmakers and the Art of Adaptation. NewYork: Ungar, pp.
313-328.

15. How to reference an academic journal
InText
(AuthorYear: Page number)
(Dudley, 2008, p. 63)
Structure of the reference:
Surname, Initial (Year journal issue was published) ‘Title of article’,
Title of journal,Volume number (issue number), page range of
article
Example reference:
Dudley, A. (2008) ‘The Ontology of a Fetish’, Film Quarterly, 61(4),
pp. 62-66.

16. How to reference a website
InText
(Author/Organisation,Year)
(Arthur, 2018)
Structure of the reference: Author/Organisation (Year) Title of web
document or web page. Available at: web site address (Accessed
date).
Example reference: Arthur, N. (2018) In pictures:Women at work in
the 1950s film industry. Available at: https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-
opinion/news-bfi/features/pictures-women-work-1950s-film-
industry (Accessed: 14 September 2018).

17. How to reference a website
InText
(Author/Organisation,Year)
(Arthur, 2018)
Structure of the reference: Author/Organisation (Year) Title of web
document or web page. Available at: web site address (Accessed
date).
Example reference: Arthur, N. (2018) In pictures:Women at work in
the 1950s film industry. Available at: https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-
opinion/news-bfi/features/pictures-women-work-1950s-film-
industry (Accessed: 14 September 2018).

18. How to reference a film on DVD/Blu-
ray
InText
Always italicise film titles
The Matrix Reloaded (2003)
(Pink narcissus, 1971)
Structure of the reference: Title of film (year of distribution)
Directed by [DVD] or [Blu-ray]. Place of distribution: Distribution
Company.
Example reference: The Matrix reloaded (2003) Directed by A. & L.
Wachowski [DVD]. Los Angeles: Warner Brothers Inc.
If watched in cinema, just changed [DVD] to [Film]

19. How to reference television
programmes
InText
Always italicise titles
The Apprentice (2015)
(The Apprentice, 2015)
Example reference: Title of programme (year of broadcast) Name of
Channel, Broadcast date.
Example reference: The Apprentice (2015) BBC OneTelevision, 23
September.

20. Episodes of a television series
InText
(‘Title of episode’, year)
‘Asylum of the Daleks’, 2010)
Example reference: ‘Title of episode’ (year of broadcast) Title of
programme/series, Series and episode number. Name of Channel,
Broadcast date.
Example reference: ‘Asylum of Daleks’ (2012) DoctorWho, Series
33, episode 1. BBC OneTelevision, 1 September.

21. Reference Lists
Arranged Alphabetically at the end of your assignment
Arthur, N. (2018) In pictures:Women at work in the 1950s film
industry. Available at: https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-
bfi/features/pictures-women-work-1950s-film-industry (Accessed:
14 September 2018).
Bould, M. (2005) Film Noir. London:Wallflower Press.
Spiegel, A. (1981) ‘The CinematicText’ in Horton, A. and Magretta,
J. (ed.) Modern European Filmmakers and the Art of Adaptation. New
York: Ungar, pp. 313-328.

22. In summary
In Summary
• Can use any style but must be consistent
• If using Harvard remember the two parts when referencing
books, journals and website
In text citation and full reference at the end in the bibliography
• You need to put an in text citation when you quote directly
from someone else and also when you paraphrase
• Ask for help if you need it, further help can be found here:
http://libguides.rhul.ac.uk/MediaArts/referencing

23. Further Help
Media Arts Subject guide -
http://libguides.rhul.ac.uk/MediaArts
CiteThem Right – Book that provides guidance on
how to reference numerous resources. Available to
borrow from the library
Information Consultants – email
libraryliaison@rhul.ac.uk for more help and to book a
1-1 appointment

24. Any
questions?

25. Reference Lists
Palgrave Study Skills Online (2018) Referencing and avoiding
plagiarism. Available at:
https://www.macmillanihe.com/studentstudyskills/page/Referenci
ng-and-Avoiding-Plagiarism (Accessed: 14 September 2018).
Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2016) Cite them right. 10th edn. London:
Palgrave Macmillan.