This document provides information about a proposal writing workshop organized by BSN (Biotechnology Society of Nepal) on September 14-15, 2017 in Kathmandu, Nepal. It discusses BSN's activities promoting science and technology in Nepal. It then covers key aspects of proposal writing such as defining a proposal, types of proposals, plagiarism, and how to avoid plagiarism. The document also discusses data integrity, documentation practices, copyright infringement, and consequences of plagiarism.

1. WELCOME!
1ST PROPOSAL WRITING
WORKSHOP
SEP 14-15, 2017 KTM
Raja Ram Gurung
Former Secretary, BSN
15/Sep/2017
Friday
“Solidarity for the development of biotechnology”

2. • Apolitical, non-government, non-profit
making organization
• A group of volunteers and young
scientists
• Motivated for the promotion of science
and technology besides S&T professionals
in Nepal and beyond.
• Advocacy, lobbying against disparity or
improvement of system to help scientific
community and cultivate research culture
in Nepal.
• Established in 2007 AD @ Kathmandu
University (KU)

3. BSN ACTIVITIES
 Nepal Journal of Biotechnology (NJB), and BSN Bulletin
publication
 Article on Demand (AOD)
 Brain Drain to Brain Gain (An interaction with home coming
students)
 Scientific talk programs, seminars, workshops, counseling,
conferences etc.
 World DNA and Genome Day celebration every year
 Biotechnology Advocacy Campaign in various school and
colleges
 Conducting various trainings, capacity building activities etc.
 Collaboration, coordination with national and Int’l partners to run
various sustainable projects.
 Generate sufficient opportunities to Nepalese students,
researcher, scientists and related professionals to improve the
quality of life.

4. PROPOSAL
 Proposal is a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or
written one, put forward for consideration by others, an
offer of marriage. (a/c to Oxford Dictionary)
 Types:
Research proposal: to get grant to conduct research
Grant proposal: to acquire project fund
Thesis proposal: To start or obtain permission of thesis
study
Academic proposal: To secure scholarships/ fellowship/
assistantship or compete higher degree studies etc.
 Who need it?
Almost everyone; student, researcher and NGO/INGOs,
academic and private institutions

5. PLAGIARISM
 It is academic misconduct or violation of one of the
research ethics.
 Extent of Plagiarism: Intentional, unintentional,
improper/lack of citation, or mere coincidence

6. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
 1. Direct or Word-for-Word Plagiarism
It involves the action of copying word by word without
acknowledgement and quotation marks. An example is shown
below (underline indicate plagiarism):
 Original Source: “In this age of globalization, natural gas
still considering as crucial energy resource compared to
other fuels. Presently, natural gas still relying mainly on
pipelines for their transportation from original source to
the final customers.” [1]
[1] Chiong, S. J. (2015). Natural Gas: Energy Resources. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
 Student A: Recently, natural gas still considering as the
crucial energy resource compared to other fuels. We can’t
deny that natural gas still relying mainly on pipelines for their
transportation from original source to the final customers.

7. 2. Mosaic or Patchwork Plagiarism
You’re involving in mosaic plagiarism if you change words or
phrases from an original source without using quotation
marks, or just using synonyms while maintaining similar
meaning
and sentences structure. For instance (underline indicate
plagiarism):
Student A: Natural gases are seeing as the vital energy
resource compared to other fuels. We can’t deny
that natural gas still depend on pipelines for their
transportation from the source to the consumers.
3. Self-Plagiarism
It occurs when you’re submitting the same or part of the
thesis or research paper, without permission to different
parties.

8. AN EXAMPLE OF WRITING WITHOUT
PLAGIARIZING IS SHOWN BELOW
 In this 21st century, even though many renewable
energy have been emerged, we can’t neglect the
importance of natural gas to the humankind. Survey by
Chiong (2015) revealed that pipelines are the only
facility used to transport natural gas “from original
source to the final consumers” as pipelines is the most
economical compared to other approaches.
 Why this is a good writing & does not plagiarize?
Reason: The writer implements quotation marks and
citing the source. Besides, the writer has modified
Chiong’s language and sentences structure. This is
done by adding some elaboration or opinion, which is
relevant to the content.

9. SIMILARITY/ORIGINALITY CHECK
 Matching text (aka: Similarity index) inevitably
occurs in any text.
 There is a very distinct difference between similarity
index and plagiarism.
 Just because it appears as unoriginal does not
mean it is plagiarized.; it is just mean that material
matches something in the database of Turnitin,
ithenticate like renowned services.
 These are not used as a punitive tool but as a
teaching tool to address citation and academic
honesty.

10. TYPES OF REPOSITORY
 Internet repository - billions of active and achieved
web pages from the internet.
 Periodicals - a repository of frequently updated
content from professional journals, periodicals, and
publications
 Student paper repository- a repository of papers
previously submitted by service (iThenticate,
Turnitin etc.) users.
 Institutional paper repository – a collection of
papers submitted to the institution's repository

11. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF PLAGIARISM IS GENERALLY
TREATED AS ACCEPTABLE?
 The short answer to this question is "zero". However, in rare cases some
reviewer allow 10% is acceptable for academic paper depending upon level of
student or level of work study. for review paper or work, it could be 15-20%
provided percentage of individual sources is supposed to be less than 1%.
 Submitting, steal and pass off someone’s work, ideas or words as their own.
 Taking passages from their own previous work without adding citations or
crediting the source.
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source
 Re-writing someone’s work without properly citing sources.
 Using quotations, but not citing the source.
 Interweaving various sources together in the work without citing.
 Citing some, but not all passages that should be cited.
 Melding together cited and uncited sections of the piece.
 Providing proper citations, but fails to change the structure and wording of the
borrowed ideas enough.
 Inaccurately citing the source.
 Relying too heavily on other people’s work. Fails to bring original thought into

12. PLAGIARISM VS. SIMILARITY
 Plagiarism is usually an ethical but an ethical issue
but can also turn in to legal one depending on the
situation. e.g. Current news about VC.
 Quoting the title of another paper, book titles or
bibliographies, references and quotes, common
phrases and constructs, etc. will be detected as
similarity. Though similar, they do not qualify as
plagiarism because Plagiarism implies using
someone’s work or ideas as if they were one’s own.

13. HOW TO EVADE PLAGIARISM ?
 by being consistent in always acknowledging
and giving credit to one’s sources. This, of
course, applies equally to quoting,
paraphrasing or simply expressing someone
else’s ideas and words in one’s own words.
 If you choose to use words, thoughts, ideas,
data, etc. from a source, then correctly cite the
source in your work.
 If you are using word-for-word text from
another person’s work, then you need to put
quotations around the text and provide proper
source information.

14. HOW TO EVADE PLAGIRISM? CONTD…..
 If you are paraphrasing, summarizing, or otherwise
using someone else’ work, you would not put
quotation marks unless it is word-for-word text, but
you do still need to provide the source information.
Providing source information in the form of a
citation ensures that you are giving credit where it is
due.
 There are two common styles of citation, the APA
style, and the MLA style. You can learn more about
how to correctly cite sources in either style by using
online resources such as the Cornell University
Library website (see
https://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/ap
a for APA style, and see
http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/mla
for MLA style).

15. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
 The most important point to take away is that
copyright infringement may occur even when an
author has given all credit where it is due. For e.g.
quoting extensively from someone’s work may be
considered an infringement even if one has been
very diligent and consistent in providing all the
proper references.

16. WHEN CAN WE USE COPYRIGHTED WORK
WITHOUT PERMISSION
 Purpose of use (non-commercial or commercial): for e.g.
use in a nonprofit workshop is more likely to be
acceptable than use in a for-profit workshops.
 Nature of the work (factual or creative): for e.g. use of a
list of statistics is more likely to be acceptable than use
of a poem.
 Amount of work (only what you need or more than
needed): For e.g. showing only the movie scene
relevant to my pint is more likely to be acceptable than
showing the whole movie.
 Effect on the market (no harm or harm): showing a slide
with an image from a textbook is likely to be fair use.
Scanning or photocopying the text book so my students
need not buy it is unlikely to be fair use.

17. SOME PLAGIARISM DETECTING SITES
 1. DupliChecker
It is 100% free. You just simply upload your manuscript
or copy and paste into the space provided. You’ll get the
analysis report within a few seconds. Pretty easy, right?
 2. Viper
If you’re a user of Microsoft Windows, congratulation!
You just need to download the software and enjoy the
magic out of it. Scans your manuscript now!
 3. Quetext
Waiting for what? It is free unlimited usage! Quetext
system is designed in such a way to ignore the
quotations and citations in your manuscript. Take the
challenge now!

18. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES CHECK YOUR WORK VIA THESE TWO EXPENSIVE
SERVICES £25,000 PER YEAR FOR ACADEMIC INSTITUTION
Turnitin iThenticate
Users For instructors to check
students' work in a
classroom setting.
For postgraduate
students and academic
staff/researchers to
check their own work.
Submissions checked
against
Web pages, other
content, scholarly
journals, student paper
database.
Web pages, other
content, scholarly
journals*, ProQuest.
Submission maximum
length & size
400 pages or less, 40
MB or less.
400 pages or less, 40
MB or less.
Access Institutional granted if
they have purchased it
Institutional granted if
they have purchased it

21. DATA INTEGRITY
 It is the assurance that data records are accurate,
complete, intact and maintained within their original
context, including their relationship to other data records
either in electronic or paper formats or a hybrid of both
throughout the data life cycle.
 Recordation of data with truthfulness and honesty to
preserve their originality, validity and authenticity without
manipulation, hiding true data or alterations with
fraudulent intentions.
 The accuracy and consistency of stored data, indicated
by an absence of any alteration in data between two
updates of a record. Data integrity is imposed within a
database at its design stage through the use of
procedures and controls, and is maintained through the
use of error checking and validation routines

22. GOOD DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES (GDP)–ALCOA
PRINCIPLES
 Appropriately signed, initialed, dated (and
timed where applicable).
 Legible: Clearly seen; properly corrected.
One line through, add new information
recorded with Sign, date and reason for
correction.
 Contemporaneous: Documented in proximity
to occurrence, not later. It is also referred to
as ‘Concurrent’.
 Original: Maintain the original raw data, don’t
use ‘post it’ and record it later;
 Accurate and truthful.

23. SOME EXTERNAL EXPENSIVE SERVICES TO HELP YOU
WORK PAPER
 Nature Research Editing Service uses editors with experience in the
same subject area as your researchers.
 English Language Editing corrects language errors, removing
English as an obstacle. It can be used for all document types in all
disciplines.
 Scientific Editing improves all aspects of scientific text – in particular
the clarity and effectiveness of the scientific arguments. It can be used
for papers and grants in the natural sciences.
 American Journal Expert (AJE) Services
 AJE Academic Translation translates academic documents from
Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, and Japanese into English.
 AJE Manuscript Formatting formats manuscripts to meet the
specifications of a chosen journal.
 AJE Figure Services formats figures to meet the specifications of a
chosen journal and creates custom illustrations.
 The AJE Video Abstracts service creates short animated videos to
explain the key findings of papers.

24. PRICING
Business days
Word count 3 days 5 days 12 days
Very short (<1,500 words) $268 $240 N/A
Regular (1,500–6,000 words) $407 $335 N/A
Long (6,001–12,000 words) $530 $452 N/A
Custom (>12,000 words) N/A $50 $41
The custom price is per 1,000 words.
English Language Editing: Silver

25. PRICING
 Scientific Editing
Word count
Standard turnaround
(Business days)
Express turnaround
(Business days)
Very short (<1,500 words) 10 days 6 days
Short (1,500–3,000 words) 11 days 7 days
Regular (3,001–6,000 words) 13 days 9 days
Long (6,001–12,000 words) 15 days 10 days
Custom (>12,000 words) >15 days >10 days
Academic Translation
Word count ……………….. Words
Language : English/Nepali/Germany etc.
If your document has 18,000 words or more, you can check the price by going to the shopping
cart, selecting the translation service you would like, and entering your word count.
Select the language your manuscript is in your language

26. MANUSCRIPT FORMATTING SERVICE COST
Manuscript Formatting
A flat rate of US$125 for full manuscript formatting
includes optimization of the page layout, placement of
the figures, and formatting of the text, headings, title
page, and references, to ensure agreement with the
guidelines of your target journal.
Figure Services
$70 per figure, regardless of the number of panels, graphs,
or images it contains
Custom Illustration and
Graphing
Owing to the unique nature of this service, pricing varies with
the project. Services start around US$70–100. Please
contact us for a quote.
Video Abstracts
$1,500 for a 1–2 minute animated abstract, associated
PowerPoint slides, keyword tagging and posting on
YouTube, plus author toolkit. Production time 3–4 weeks

27. CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM
 Destroy the academic or professional reputation
 Face the legal repercussions
 Expel from academic or research institution
 Can’t graduate on time or may expel from the
university
 Fail to publish in journals
 Fail to achieve scholarships in abroad studies. (In
developed countries it is taken as a serious
offence)
 Fail to get research or project grant
 Revoke the license, academic degree,
professorship, Terminate promotions
 Penalize, sanction of institution, imprisonment, legal
treatments etc.

28. REALITY IN NEPAL
“Govt names plagiarism-accused TU VC”
- Binod Ghimire, Kathmandu
(http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-08-24/govt-names-plagiarism-accused-tu-vc.html)
Professor Tirtha Raj Khaniya, the vice chancellor nominee for Tribhuvan
University, has been accused of plagiarism. While he headed the English
Education Department of TU in 2006, Khaniya had lifted section of an article
written by Ferit Kilickaya, associate professor at Middle East Technical
University and Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Turkey.
Khaniya had copied a large section of the article in his own work titled ‘Use of
authentic materials in EFL classrooms’ that was published in a journal of the
Nepal English Language Teachers’ Association (NELTA)

29. WHOM TO BLAME
 System?
 Academic courses?
 Teaching practices?
 Resources?
 Resource persons?
 Law, provision?
Who is responsible?
EVERYONE

30. THINGS TO REMEMBER
 Therefore, when checking papers for a periodical,
publishers and editors need to assess the
percentage of similarity and whether it: a) may
constitute a copyright infringement (if too much has
been used) and b) whether the amount of similarity
does not lower the quality of a paper.
 Extensive quoting is not advisable, whether it be in
periodicals or otherwise, as it seriously calls into
question the originality of the author’s point of view
and the necessity of publishing such a paper at all.
Each case of similarities must be studied carefully
so as to reveal whether it is a form of acceptable
practice, intentional or unintentional plagiarism or
copyright infringement.

31. CHECKLIST TO PREVENT PLAGIARISM
1. Planning your paper:
1. a) Plan Your Paper: well is the first and most important
steps. . If you know you are going to use other sources of
information, you need to plan how you are going to include
them in your paper. This means working out a balance
between the ideas you have taken from other sources and
your own, original ideas. Writing an outline or coming up
with a thesis statement in which you clearly formulate an
argument about the information you find will help establish
the boundaries between your ideas and those of your
sources.
1. b) Consult with Your Instructor: and check out the
guidelines for citing properly.
1. c)Take effective notes: from all of your sources so that
you have much of the information organized before you
begin writing.

32. 2. WRITING YOUR PAPER
2. a) When in Doubt, Cite Sources
But if it is unclear whether an idea in your paper really came
from you, or whether you got it from somewhere else and
just changed it a little, you should always cite your source.
Instead of weakening your paper and making it seem like
you have fewer original ideas, this will actually strengthen
your paper by:
 showing that you are not just copying other ideas but are
processing and adding to them,
 lending outside support to the ideas that are completely
yours, and
 highlighting the originality of your ideas by making clear
distinctions between them and ideas you have gotten
elsewhere

33. 2.B) MAKE IT CLEAR WHO SAID WHAT
Even if you cite sources, ambiguity in your phrasing can often
disguise the real source of any given idea, causing
inadvertent plagiarism. Make sure when you mix your own
ideas with those of your sources that you always clearly
distinguish them. If you are discussing the ideas of more than
one person, watch out for confusing pronouns. For example,
imagine you are talking about Harold Bloom's discussion of
James Joyce's opinion of Shakespeare, and you write: "He
brilliantly portrayed the situation of a writer in society at that
time." Who is the "He" in this sentence? Bloom, Joyce, or
Shakespeare? Who is the "writer": Joyce, Shakespeare, or
one of their characters? Always make sure to distinguish who
said what, and give credit to the right person.

34. 2.C) KNOW HOW TO PARAPHRASE
A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of someone else's
ideas. Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase. You must change both the
words and the sentence structure of the original, without changing the
content. Also, you should keep in mind that paraphrased passages still
require citation because the ideas came from another source, even
though you are putting them in your own words.
The purpose of paraphrasing is not to make it seem like you are
drawing less directly from other sources or to reduce the number of
quotations in your paper. It is a common misconception among
students that you need to hide the fact that you rely on other sources.
Actually it is advantageous to highlight the fact that other sources
support your own ideas. Using quality sources to support your ideas
makes them seem stronger and more valid. Good paraphrasing makes
the ideas of the original source fit smoothly into your paper,
emphasizing the most relevant points and leaving out unrelated
information.

35. 2.D) ANALYZE AND EVALUATE YOUR SOURCES
Not all sources on the web are worth citing-- in fact,
many of them are just plain wrong. So how do you
tell the good ones apart? For starters, make sure
you know the author(s) of the page, where they got
their information, and when they wrote it (getting this
information is also an important step in avoiding
plagiarism!). Then you should determine how
credible you feel the source is: how well they
support their ideas, the quality of the writing, the
accuracy of the information provided, etc. We
recommend using the "Web Page Evaluation
Criteria" available through New Mexico State
University's website.

36. PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION IN INTERNET RESOURCES
 Demonstration in grammarly.com,
 Plagiarism detection demonstration by duplichecker.com
or quetext.com
 NHRC proposal components in the aspect of STEM field
students. (Mainly health/medical)

37. LEARN MORE FROM EXCELLENT RESOURCES
(REFERENCE)
 www.plagiarism.org
 Purdue University’s Online Writing
Lab: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/58
9/01/
 www.authoraid.com
 https://www.ithenticate.com/
 http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-
editing/
 https://www.aje.com/
 http://turnitin.com/

38. AUTHORAID “RESEARCH COMMUNICATION”
MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSES (MOOCS)
 http://www.authoraid.info/en/news/details/1231/
 Course duration: 7 weeks but takes 9 weeks (1 week
before course week for preliminary task and 1 week
for final task to acquire digital badge and certificates)
 Course dates: 3 October to 20 November 2017
 Recommendation to join 5th AuthorAid Research
Communication Massive Online Open Courses
(MOOCs) which is completely free, need extensive
hour of self study and peer assignments. Highest
value than certificates issued by corsera.com,
Edex.com, khanacademy.com, other distance
learning and MOOC conducting universities etc.

39. REFERENCES:
 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that establishes
the United States Food and Drug
Administration (US-FDA) regulations
a) 21 CFR Part 211Current Good Manufacturing
Practices for finished Pharmaceutical Products
b) 21 CFR Part 11 includes electronic records
and electronic signatures (ERES).
 Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory
Agency (MHRA) Guidance Document Version 1.1.
It regulates medicines, medical devices and blood
components for transfusion in the UK. dated March
2015:
 Schedule M, Indian Drugs and Cosmetic Act, It is
GMP for Pharmaceuticals Industries in India.

40. Biotechnology Society of Nepal (BSN)
Ranibari-29, Ranidevi Marg
Kathmandu, Nepal
P.O.Box No: 8973 NPC 250
E-mail: bioson01@gmail.com
Web-site: www.bsn.org.np
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/bsnbiotech/
Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/groups/4902940
Twitter : https://twitter.com/bsnbiotech
Google+ : https://googleplus.com/bsnbiotech
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f02J4l7jxH4
Blog: https://bsnbiotech.wordpress.com
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology Society
of_Nepal
Journal: www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJB
Find Us

41. Raja Ram Gurung
Former Secretary, BSN
Managing Editor of NJB
and
Pharmaceutical Microbiologist,
Deurali-Janta Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.
Quality Assurance (QA) Department