This document discusses various topics related to psychology and sports, including definitions of personality, dimensions and types of personality according to different theorists, and factors that influence personality development through sports. It also covers motivation, reasons for and benefits of exercise, strategies to enhance exercise adherence, definitions and causes of aggression, and types of aggression. The key theories and models discussed include the Big Five Factors model of personality, types of personality according to body shapes, and types of motivation.

1. Psychology and
Sports
Class 12th
Physical Education
By Rajan Kumar

2. Personality
• Intangible
• Cannot be measured
• Qualities & Attributes of an individual
• Sum total of all traits and distinguishing
qualities of an individual.
Definition:- Personality is the sum total of
one’s behaviour.

3. Dimensions of Personality

4. Types of Personality
On the basis of four fluids (humours) of the
body.
1.Sanguine (Cheerful & Optimistic)
2.Melancholic (depressed &
pessimist)
3.Choleric(irritable & quick-
tempered)
4.Phlegmatic (slow)

5. According to a German Philosopher,
Spranger.(Interest & Values)
1.Theorotic (philosophers &
scientists)
2.Aesthetic (lovers of art or beauty)
3.Religious (saints, priests)
4.Economists (businessmen)
5.Political (politicians or statesmen)
6.Social (social workers & reformers)

6. According to William Herbert Sheldon
(body shapes and physique)
1.Endomorphs
(Round body with narrow shoulders & wide hips.)
(Loving, social, slow to react, & affectionate people )
2.Ectomorphs
(thin & have narrow hips, shoulders & chest)
(Full of anxiety, over tensed, secretive, introverts &
like to be alone)

7. Continued…
3.Mesomorphs
(muscular with broad shoulders & a narrow
waist.)
(Energetic, courageous, domination, risk-takers &
adventure-lovers)
(Have agility, stamina & strength)
(like Sportspersons mostly)

8. According to Friedman & Rosenman
1.Type ‘A’ (Self disciplined & busy)
2.Type ‘B’ (calm, patient & quite satisfied & happy)
3.Type ‘C’ (lethargic, passive & pessimistic)
4.Type ‘D’ (not able to express their feelings)

9. According to the Carl G. Jung
1.Introvert (love to live alone)
2.Extrovert (love to socialise)

10. According to Big Five Factors Model
1.Openness to Experience(Openness to
New ideas)
2.Extroversion(Social and love to talk)
3.Agreeableness (Caring & Sharing
Nature)
4.Neuroticism (Emotionally unstable)
5.Conscientiousness (Hard working &
goal oriented)

11. Role of Sports in Personality
Development
1.Physical Development
2.Mental Development
3.Social Development
4.Emotional Development

12. Motivation
 Motivation is a force which
creates enthusiasm to achieve
a goal.
 It helps to inspire a person
to achieve a goal.

13. Types of Motivation
1.Primary Motivation
(Intrinsic motivation)
2.Secondary Motivation
(Extrinsic motivation)

14. TECHNIQUES OF MOTIVATION
1.Healthy Environment
2.Attractive methodology
3.Competition
4.Knowledge of progress
5.Rewards or Awards as Reinforcement
6.Target Setting
7.Presence of Audience
8.Appreciation and Remarks
9.Inspiring Music
10.Positive Self-confidence

15. Reasons to Exercise
• Good body posture
• Helps to reduce stress levels
• Boosts the energy level
• Improves sleep patterns
• Strengthens bones
• Improves self-esteem
• Maintain healthy lifestyle
• Helps to socialize

16. Benefits of exercise
•Physical Development
•Physiological development
•Psychological development
•Emotional well-being
•Prevention of diseases

17. Strategies for enhancing adherence to
exercise
• Set short term goals
• Keep the person motivated
• Give rewards
• Build a support system
• Work out in groups
• Maintain a track record
• Maintain a positive outlook

18. Aggression
A behaviour where a
person is likely to injure
or harm the other person.

19. Causes of Aggression
1.Inborn tendency
2.Physiological mechanisms
3.Child rearing
4.Frustration

20. Types of Aggression
1.Instrumental Aggression
2.Hostile Aggression