4. Posture
Pongid Hominid
Bent over or quadrapedal; Upright or bipedal
Knuckle-walking common
5. Leg and Arm
Pongid Hominid
Arms longer than legs, Legs usually longer than
adapted for swinging by arms; adapted for striding
arm - usually among trees
6. Feet
Pongid Hominid
Low arches; opposable big High arches; big toes in
toes - capable of grasping line with others; adapted
for walking
7. Teeth
Pongid Hominid
Prominent; large gaps Reduced; reduced or
between canines and absent gaps
nearby teeth
8. Skull
Pongid Hominid
Bent forward from spinal Upright on spinal column;
column; very rugged; smooth brow ridges
prominent brow ridges
9. Face
Pongid Hominid
Jaws jut out; very heavy; Vertical profile; More
very wide nasal opening; distinct chin; Prominent
sloping nasal spine
13. This genetic distance map made in
2002 is an estimate of 18 world
human groups by a neighbor-joining
method based on 23 kinds of genetic
information.