2. MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
Introduction:-
• The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occur
in the female reproductive system that make pregnancy
possible.
• This cycle is controlled by hormones.The menstrual cycle
occurs because of a comlex relationship between hormones
from the brain and ovaries.
Page no-2
4. MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
• Menarche : A woman's first menstruation
• Typically occurs around age of
12
• Menopause: end of a woman's reproductive phase ,
commonly occurs between ages 45 to 55.
Page no-
4
5. PHASES OF MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
• There are four phases of menstrual cycle......
• Menstrual Phase
• Follicular phase
• Ovulation Phase
• Luteal Phase
Page no-5
7. MENSTRUAL PHASE
• Menstrual phase start on the first day of menstrual cycle
during this phase bleeding start -with the resulting blood loss
• Most of the bleeding happens during the first three days of
this phase.
• You may also experience period pain . Which can involve
cramping ,dull aches or severe pain ,which can also radiate
into your lower back and legs.
Page no-7
8. FOLLICULAR
PHASE
• It starts when the hypothalamus sends a signal to the
pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone.This
hormone stimulates ovaries to produce around 5 to 20
small sacs called follicles.Each follicle contains am
immature egg
• Only the healthiest egg will eventually mature . The rest
of the follicles will be reabsorbed into the body.
Page no-8
9. FOLLICULAR
PHASE
• High levels of FSH secreted:
• Function is to stimulate follicles in the ovaries
one follicle begins to mature and brings an
egg to maturity 1-14 day
2. Follicle secretes estrogen
3. Increase level of estrogen secreated by
maturing follicle that effect on the endometrial
proliferation
Page no-9
10. OVULATION
• During the follicular phase,estrogen suppresses production
of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland .
• When the ovum has nearly matured, levels of estrogen reach
a threshold above which they stimulate production of
LH(positive feedback loop)
• The release of LH matures the ovum and weakens the wall
of the follicle in the ovary , causing the fully developed
follicle to release its secondary oocyte.
• After being released from the ovary,the ovum is swept into
the fallopian tube.
Page no-10
11. LUTEAL
PHASE
• corpus luteum: solid body formed in an ovary after the
ovum has been released into the fallopian tube .
• Produce significant amounts of progesterone,which plays a
vital role in making the endometrium receptive to
implantation of the blastocyst.
• High levels of E and P suppress production of FSH and LH
that the corpus luteum needs to maintain itself.
• Falling levels of progesterone trigger mentruation and the
beginning of the next cycle
Page no-
11
13. CONCLUSIO
N
• The first menstruation in every female is a risky day for
her.This should be properly guided by mother , other female
near and dear and teachers, for safety of health and life of
female.Sanitary padas must be used by females instead of
dirty clothes during menstruation and aware for it to other
for healthy life.
Page no-
13
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• D.C Dutta text book of obsterical including perinatary
and contraception central publication 7th editon page
no. 142-143.
• Net Refrence:
www.wikipedia.com
www.pubmad.com
Page no-
14
