Most conceptual ppt to study the cytoskeleton.

1. Cyto-Skeleton
By Pranoti Giram
BIONERVE AND BIOBRAIN

2. Contents
Introduction
Cytoskeleton
Functions
Diseases
Latest related reports/research papers
References/Bibliography

3. Introduction
3/7Fig : Cytoskeleton
Fig : Human Skeleton

4. Microtubule Organizing Centers
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1. Centrosome 2. Basal Body
Fig : Centrosome
Fig : Basal body

5. Microtubule Nucleation
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6. Microtubule Assembly And Disassembly
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Fig : Microtubule assembly and disassembly A. Growing microtubule B. Shrinking microtubule

7. Microtubule Structure
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8. Microtubule Associated Proteins {MAPs}
• They are divided into two categories :
• TYPE I : MAP1
• Bind to microtubules through charge
interactions.
• TYPE II : MAP 2,MAP4 and tau
• Exclusively found in nerve cells in mammals.
• MAP Dendrites.
• Tau Axon
8/7Fig : tau protein associiated with microtubule

9. Motor Proteins
The motor proteins of a cell convert chemical energy into mechanical
energy, which is used to generate force or to move cellular CARGO
attached to the motor.
Types of cargo transported by these proteins include
Ribonucleoprotein Particles
Vesicles
Mitichondria
Lysosomes
Chromosome
Other cytoskeletal Filament
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Fig : Chromosome
Fig : Lysosome
Fig : Mitochondria

10. Motor Proteins
Motor proteins can be grouped into 3 broad superfamilies :
Kinesin :Walk towards the plus end of
the microtubule.
Dynein :Walk towards the minus
end of microtubule.
Myosin :Walk towards the plus
end of an actin filament.
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Fig : Dynein
Fig : Myosin

11. Kinesin
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• Axonal Transport : Anterograde
• Step Size : 8nm
• Step Type : Hand-over-hand
• Head
• Co-ordination:Alternating
• Backward step : Rare
Moecular Weight :
• Light chain 64kDa
• Heavy chain 124kDa

12. Kinesin Walk
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Fig : Kinesin Walk A. Structure of kinesin B. Kinesin walks along a microtuble track

13. Functions
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Intracellular transport in neuron.
Intracellular Movement
Fig :Intracellular Movement
Formation Of Spindle Fibre During Cell Division

14. Diseases
• Alzeimer’s disease :
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Transport Of Viruses :

15. Resent Research Papers
• Scientists discover a molecular motor has a ‘gear’ for directional switching.
• The research revealed a totally unexpected behavior about a motor protein that
functions as chromosome are segregated during cell division. The finding were
published in Nature Communications.(Weihong Qiu et al 2017 Jan 4)
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Dr. Weihong Qiu

16. References
 Cell And Molecular Biology 6th Edition By Gerald Karp
 Dynein : A Protein with Adenosine Triphosphate Activity From Cilia [Gibbons
and Rows(1965) science I 49424] .
 Dynamics of myosin, microtubule, and kinesin-6 at the cortex during
cytokinesis in Drosophila S2 cells[Ronald Vale et al JCB.VOLUME.186.NUMBER
5.2009].
 The Cell (molecular approach) 4th edition by Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E.
Hausman
 The mitotic kinesin-14 klpA contains a cortex-dependent directionaly switch
[Weihong Qiu 2017 Jan 4 ]
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