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La presión y temperatura mínimas en un ciclo Otto son 100 kPa y 27°C.
La cantidad de calor que se agrega al aire por ciclo es de 1500 kJ / kg.
(a) Determine las presiones y temperaturas en todos los puntos del ciclo
Otto estándar de aire.
(b) Calcule también el trabajo específico y la eficiencia térmica del ciclo
para una relación de compresión de 8
Datos
P1= 100 kpa
T1 = 27°C
Cagreado=1500 KJ/Kg
R =8:1
K (relación de calores específicos) =1.4
Tabla A-2 Aire
Cv =0.718 KJ/Kg. K
100 𝑘𝑝𝑎 ∗ (
1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
100 𝑘𝑝𝑎
) = 1𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑇1 = 27 + 273 = 300°𝐾
V1, V4 =8
V2, V3=1
Estado 1-2 Compresión adiabática
Estado 1
P1 = 1bar
T2 = 300°K
Estado 2
𝑇2
𝑇1
= (
𝑉
1
𝑉2
)
𝐾−1
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 (
𝑉
1
𝑉2
)
𝐾−1
𝑇2 = 300°𝐾 (
8
1
)
1.4−1
= 689.2°𝐾
 𝑃1𝑉
1
𝐾
= 𝑃2𝑉2
𝐾
𝑝2
𝑝1
= (
𝑣1
𝑣2
)
𝑘
𝑝2 = 1𝑏𝑎𝑟 (
8
1
)
1.4
𝑝2 = 18.38 𝑏𝑎𝑟
T2=689.2°K
P2= 18.38 bar
Volumen constante 2-3
Estado 3:
Calor agregado durante el proceso:
𝑐𝑣(𝑇3 − 𝑇2) = 1500 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔
𝑇3 =
1500 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔
0.718 KJ/Kg. K
+ 689.2°𝐾
𝑇3 = 2778.34°𝐾
𝑝2
𝑇2
=
𝑝3
𝑇3
𝑝3 =
18.38 𝑏𝑎𝑟
689.2°𝐾
∗ 2778.34°𝐾
𝑝3=74.09 𝑏𝑎𝑟
T3 =2778.34°K
P3=74.09 bar
Expansión adiabática 3-4
Estado 4
𝑇3
𝑇4
= (
𝑉
4
𝑉3
)
𝐾−1
𝑇4 =
2778.34
(8)1.4−1 = 1209.34°𝐾
 𝑃3𝑉3
𝐾
= 𝑃4𝑉
4
𝐾
𝑝4
𝑝3
= (
𝑣3
𝑣4
)
𝑘
𝑝4 = 74.09𝑏𝑎𝑟 (
1
8
)
1.4
= 4.03 𝑏𝑎𝑟
T4=1209.34°K
P4=4.03 bar
2. calor especifico = calor agregado – calor rechazado
Calor especifico = cv(T3-T2) - cv(T4 – T1)
Calor especifico = cv((T3-T2) - (T4 – T1))
= 0.718KJ/Kg.°K[(2778.34°𝐾 − 689.2°𝐾) − (1209.34°𝐾 − 300°𝐾)] = 847.09𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔
Calor especifico = 847.09 KJ/Kg
Eficiencia térmica:
𝑛 = 1 −
1
(𝑟)𝑘−1
𝑛 = 1 −
1
(8)1.4−1 = 0.564 ∗ 100
𝑛 = 56.4%

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Solucion problema 3

  • 1. La presión y temperatura mínimas en un ciclo Otto son 100 kPa y 27°C. La cantidad de calor que se agrega al aire por ciclo es de 1500 kJ / kg. (a) Determine las presiones y temperaturas en todos los puntos del ciclo Otto estándar de aire. (b) Calcule también el trabajo específico y la eficiencia térmica del ciclo para una relación de compresión de 8 Datos P1= 100 kpa T1 = 27°C Cagreado=1500 KJ/Kg R =8:1 K (relación de calores específicos) =1.4 Tabla A-2 Aire Cv =0.718 KJ/Kg. K 100 𝑘𝑝𝑎 ∗ ( 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 100 𝑘𝑝𝑎 ) = 1𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑇1 = 27 + 273 = 300°𝐾 V1, V4 =8 V2, V3=1 Estado 1-2 Compresión adiabática Estado 1 P1 = 1bar T2 = 300°K Estado 2 𝑇2 𝑇1 = ( 𝑉 1 𝑉2 ) 𝐾−1 𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( 𝑉 1 𝑉2 ) 𝐾−1 𝑇2 = 300°𝐾 ( 8 1 ) 1.4−1 = 689.2°𝐾  𝑃1𝑉 1 𝐾 = 𝑃2𝑉2 𝐾
  • 2. 𝑝2 𝑝1 = ( 𝑣1 𝑣2 ) 𝑘 𝑝2 = 1𝑏𝑎𝑟 ( 8 1 ) 1.4 𝑝2 = 18.38 𝑏𝑎𝑟 T2=689.2°K P2= 18.38 bar Volumen constante 2-3 Estado 3: Calor agregado durante el proceso: 𝑐𝑣(𝑇3 − 𝑇2) = 1500 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔 𝑇3 = 1500 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔 0.718 KJ/Kg. K + 689.2°𝐾 𝑇3 = 2778.34°𝐾 𝑝2 𝑇2 = 𝑝3 𝑇3 𝑝3 = 18.38 𝑏𝑎𝑟 689.2°𝐾 ∗ 2778.34°𝐾 𝑝3=74.09 𝑏𝑎𝑟 T3 =2778.34°K P3=74.09 bar Expansión adiabática 3-4 Estado 4 𝑇3 𝑇4 = ( 𝑉 4 𝑉3 ) 𝐾−1 𝑇4 = 2778.34 (8)1.4−1 = 1209.34°𝐾  𝑃3𝑉3 𝐾 = 𝑃4𝑉 4 𝐾
  • 3. 𝑝4 𝑝3 = ( 𝑣3 𝑣4 ) 𝑘 𝑝4 = 74.09𝑏𝑎𝑟 ( 1 8 ) 1.4 = 4.03 𝑏𝑎𝑟 T4=1209.34°K P4=4.03 bar 2. calor especifico = calor agregado – calor rechazado Calor especifico = cv(T3-T2) - cv(T4 – T1) Calor especifico = cv((T3-T2) - (T4 – T1)) = 0.718KJ/Kg.°K[(2778.34°𝐾 − 689.2°𝐾) − (1209.34°𝐾 − 300°𝐾)] = 847.09𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔 Calor especifico = 847.09 KJ/Kg Eficiencia térmica: 𝑛 = 1 − 1 (𝑟)𝑘−1 𝑛 = 1 − 1 (8)1.4−1 = 0.564 ∗ 100 𝑛 = 56.4%