Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Orienteering.pptx
1.
2. • This is an outdoor activity where the participant’s goal
is finding the various checkpoints (with specific
sequence) in a pre-set course using a specially
created detailed map and the compass to navigate in
an unfamiliar terrain.
3.
4. •It is fun and challenges you more to be
physically and mentally fit especially at
competitive levels.
•In terms of survival this skill would be helpful.
5. – in Scandinavia the term orienteering was a military word that
meant “crossing unknown grounds".
– the world’s first orienteering match was held in Norway.
– Major Ernst Killander of Sweden, the “Father of
Orienteering” designed a cross-country competition where
participants had to decide their own routes with the use of a map
and compass.
– A Finnish army officer, Piltti Heiskanen, set up
orienteering activities at Dartmouth College.
6. – The IOF or the International Orienteering Federation was
formed
– The first World Orienteering Championships held in
Finland.
– The first U.S. Orienteering Championships was
held at Southern Illinois University.
–The birth of the U.S. Orienteering Federation in Virginia.
– Orienteering was accepted as a U.S. Olympic Committee
Class C sport or an affiliated sport.
7. • The two basic things that are used in orienteering are the and .
However, during the event, participants also bring with them the following:
1. Whistle that is used when a participant needs to call someone for help
2. Map bag or any clear plastic bag that comes in handy in protecting the map in
case it rains.
3. Red pen in case the participant needs to mark the map for his/her own
purpose although maps given prior to the event are already pre-marked
with the course
8.
9. A. MAP
•It is a graphic representation of the ground and the terrain.
Types of Map:
• Locator Map – will show where the various places are situated.
• Highway Map – will identify roads
• Topographic Map – will show the different terrains.
• Orienteering Map – is a specially prepared map designed for
the activity or competition.
10. Magnetic North Lines – lines representing the magnetic north.
Three types:
1. True North is the direction of the North Pole, directly under the North Star.
2. Grid North is what is used on maps
3. Magnetic North is where the compass normally points and is used in orienteering.
11.
12. B. COMPASS
an instrument containing a magnetized pointer
that shows the direction of magnetic north and
bearings from it.
13. How is Orienteering Played?
The objective is to find all the control points indicated on a map given to the
participants.
1. In the sample map, the circled location are the control points and the indicated
number specifies where to go first. The triangle indicates the starting point and the
double circle is the finish line.
2. The 2 popular forms of orienteering are the Score 0 and the point-to-point.
In Score 0, a fixed time limit is given for the participants to visit as many control
points as possible and the one with the highest points wins.
In Point to Point the participants must visit all the control points in the sequence
indicated on the map in the fastest time possible. Whoever finishes first wins
Each participant is assigned a start time; this is to prevent participants from trying
to follow others
14.
15. What to do if you are lost along the course?
• Knowing what to do when one gets lost is another skill and it is called
relocating skill or reorienting yourself.
1. It is best NOT TO PANIC but instead to stop and take a break.
2. Look at the surroundings and check the map for more recognizable
features such as a river, clearing, roads, buildings, etc.
3. Check Compass and map for direction of travel.
4. If not go to the nearest safety azimuth or prominent feature (usually
advised by the organizers) and reorient self using the map and
compass.
5. In case one still could not get back on track and wanted to seek help,
then use a whistle.
16. What are the Health – Related benefits of
Orienteering?
• Orienteering is a very intensive activity. It will require participants
to walk, jog, hike and run. All these activities increase aerobic-
capacity and cardiovascular strength.
• Most orienteering terrain includes hilly and rugged terrain. It is a
perfect environment for athletes and non-athletes to develop
strong heart, lungs and legs.
• Orienteering involves not only physical demands but also fast
decision making skills. It provides balance of mental and physical
exertion.
17. Reminders:
• Whistle is used as communication in case of emergency such as when
there is significant injury or a participant is completely lost. Three short
blasts mean “I need help, please come to me”, Two short blasts mean “I
hear you, I am coming to you”
• Leave wildlife alone as responsible visitors of wildlife habitats
• Safety azimuth – every event director advises the participants of safety
azimuth. These are directions on the compass, which will take you easily to
a recognizable linear feature such as road or paved grounds or something
you cannot miss, usually done in emergency situations.
• Bring a second compass in case something happens to your compass
during the event.
18. THE MAP
Orienteering maps are drawn to a large scale,
most commonly 1:15000 (1cm=150m) or
1:10000 (1cm=100m) but for orienteering in
parks you use a map drawn in a scale of
1:5000.
All maps use an internationally agreed set of
symbols and these are logical and easy to
learn.
19. THE LEGEND Tell us what different symbols and colours
on the map mean
20. THE COLOURS
BLACK is used for most man-
made features such as buildings
and rock features such as cliffs,
crags, rocks and boulders
BROWNis used to show landform, including
contour lines, gullies, pits and knolls (small hills)
BLUE: wet features such as
lakes, ponds, marshes and
streams
WHITE:forest,open
‘runnable’woodland
GREENvegetation such as
bushes,..,
YELLOW:open areas, unwooded areas, grassy
spaces such as playing fields ,rough open
terrain such as heather
A crossable marsh
should be combined
with vegetation
symbols to show
runnability and
openness
