2. LIFE PERFORMANCE
OUTCOME
I am a conscientious, adept
performer and achiever,
competently pursuing my mission
in life.
3. essential PERFORMANCE
OUTCOME
Devote focused time to
developing the competencies
required for sound achievement
in a chosen field and for
functioning effectively in the
face of life’s diverse challenges.
6. A Reaction to
Brahmanical Hinduism
•Buddhism arose in those parts of India wherein
Vedic forms of religious knowledge were
predominant.
•This is the reason why some teachings of
Buddhism closely resemble certain Vedic
teachings.
7. A Reaction to
Brahmanical Hinduism
•Because of the wide acceptance of Vedic
prescriptions of worship through mediation of
brahmins, sacrificing animals was common
during the Buddha’s time.
•They adhere to practice nonviolence (ahimsa)
that prohibited the killing of animals
9. A Reaction to
Brahmanical Hinduism
•Buddhism also rejects the caste system.
Buddha’s teachings specifically state that the
caste system is unjust in imprisoning a person to
a specific caste.
10. Buddhist Councils
•In order to preserve the teachings of Buddha and
deal with new realities that challenge monastic
discipline, monks convened councils to resolve
urgent matters and provide guidance to later
generations.
11. Buddhist Councils
•The First Council met just few weeks after the
Buddha’s death, which was around 487 B.C.E in
Rajagrha (presently in Bihar, India)
•There were 500 monks present, including
Buddha’s closest disciple Ananda
12. Buddhist Councils
•At around 387 BCE, a century after Buddha’s death,
the monks again met in council of Vaisali (also in Bihar,
India) in order to resolve a dispute in monastic
discipline. This is the Second Council.
•They adhere to a more lax set of rules and upset the
others, who generally practiced a stricter monastic
rules.
13. Buddhist Councils
•The Third Council was convened during the reign of
King Ashoka and was held in the capital city of his
imperial city Pataliputra, at around 247 B.C.E
•During this council, the Therevada school established
itself as an orthodox interpretation of Buddha’s
teachings
14. Buddhist Councils
•The Fourth Council was held in Jullundhar (presently
Kashmir) under the reign of King Kanishka at around
78 C.E
•The council made it possible to translate major
Buddhist canonical works into Sanskrit
•It was during this time when Mahayana school gained
predominance
15. The Expansion and Decline of
Buddhism in India
•After the death of Buddha, the practice of his
teachings grew significantly in the north-eastern part of
India
•The monks particularly made steps to preserve the
teachings of the Buddha by chanting them during
communal meetings and recording them
16. The Expansion and Decline of
Buddhism in India
•Buddhism flourished in northern India until about 6th
century CE, after which it suffered a steep decline
•The reasons are: the rise of the Turks, who by this
time were already staunch Muslims and the challenge
of syncretism (mixing of religious ideas and practices
together)
17. The Expansion of Buddhism
Outside India
•The centuries following the Buddha’s death saw the
spread of Buddhism outside north India.
•It reached as far as Afghanistan in central Asia. It also
reached Sri Lanka and other parts of Asia.
19. Main schools of thought in
buddhism
https://youtu.be/CSOnkztJ5Gk
20. Theravada
•The Theravada (Teachings of
the Elders) school in Buddhism
claims to be the oldest living
tradition because it follows more
closely the teachings and
monastic conduct during the
Buddha’s time
21. Theravada
•Their collection of sacred writings,
called the Pali Canon is written in
the language spoken by the Buddha
himself
22. Theravada
•Theravada Buddhists generally believe that the ideal
conditions for achieving enlightenment are found in
monastic life
•Monks generally receive everything they need, they also
receive financial support for the upkeep of temples and
monasteries
23. Theravada
•One practice is the alms rounds, monks go out of their
monastery toward villages or city streets after morning
chanting to beg for food; in exchange for an offering the
monks would usually chant a blessing over the donor
•After the alms round, monks are allowed one major meal in
the morning and another minor one before midday
24. Theravada
•The rules prevent monks from eating solid food after 12:00
noon, and any remaining food is disposed or fed to animals
•Theravada monks are not strict vegetarians; they would
accept meals cooked with meat as long as it is offered to
them during alms rounds
•After lunch hour, monks would do meditation
25. Mahayana
•A later development arose in north
India that came to be known as the
Mahayana (The Greater Vehicle)
school.
26. Mahayana
•The important contribution of the Mahayana school is a
philosophical understanding of the experience of
enlightenment, which Nagarjuna expressed in terms of
sunya (emptiness)
•This explanation has led Mahayana forms of meditation to
emphasize the superfluous character of all thoughts and
concepts
27. Mahayana
•The monastic practice of Mahayana monks slightly differs
from the practices of those from the Theravada tradition
•Mahayana monks do not go on alms rounds, although the
monastery accepts food donations
•In terms of diet, Mahayana monks are fully vegetarian
because of strict interpretation of the First Precept
28. Mahayana
•One of the distinctive characteristics of Mahayana school is
the bodhisattva
•The concept of bodhisattva refers to beings who have
already achieved enlightenment during their lifetime and
ready to enter into nirvana
29. The Bodhisattva Vows
Beings are infinite in number, I vow to save them all;
The obstructive passions are endless in number, I vow to
end them all;
The teachings for saving others are countless; I vow to attain
them all;
Buddhahood is the supreme achievement, I vow to attain
them all.
30. Vajrayana
•Another living tradition of Buddhism today is the Vajrayana
(Indestructible Vehicle)
•Its history and development, like that of Mahayana school,
was slow and at first almost indistinguishable from other
schools
31. Vajrayana
•It took a more definite form when the Tibetan people took
interest in Buddhism and incorporated their own
shamanistic practices into the teaching of the Dhamma
•The distinctive feature of the Vajrayana school is the
mixture of shamanistic practices from the Bon religion,
Tantric practices from Indian yoga practice, and Dhamma
principles from Suttas.
