Advance in production technology of Cardmom.pptx

Presented by :
Pallavi Wani
I Ph.D. (Hort.)
Dept. of Horticulture
GKVK, UAS Bengaluru

CARDAMOM
Plant profile
Queen of spice
B.N: Elettaria cardamomum
Family : Zingiberaceae
C.N: 2n=48.
Popularly known as : Small or lesser or
Malabar cardamom
Origin: Western Ghats of India .
Economic part: Fruit (Capsules)
Volatile Oil: 1,8 -Cineole

 Basically a pseophytic plant
Mature cardamom plant may
measure about two to four meters
in height.
It is a shallow rooted plant
 A herbaceous perennial having
underground rhizomes
 Inflorescence is a long panicle with
racemose clusters arising from the
underground stem, but comes up
above the soil
Botany

BOTANY
• Leaves are lanceolate or oblong,
lanceolate or ovate in shape with short
petioles.
• Pseudostem has light green or reddish
purple or purple colour.
 Flowers are bisexual, fragrant
 Fruit is trilocular Capsule
 Flower initiation is in March – April

Generally there are two types of caradamom
1. Eleterria Cardmom- (Small cardamom, green cardamom, true cardamom)
2. Amomum subtulatum- (Large cardamom, Black cardamom, Brown cardamom)
Varieties of Cardamom
Small cardamom
- Elettaria cardamomum
Large cardamom
- Amomum subulatum

Origin and distribution
• Small cardamom - Evergreen rainy forests of Western
Ghats in South India and Sri Lanka
• Large cardamom - Native to sub-Himalayan region

Large cardamom - Amomum subulatum

Helps to cure stomach
disorder
Improve blood
circulation
Gives relief form
asthma, sore throat
Aids in weight loss
Good remedy
for vomiting
Relives cold, and sore
throat, joint pain
Health benefits of small cardamom

Types of small cardamom
Based on the fruit size varieties are broadly recognized as:
• Elettaria cardamom var. major consisting of
wild indigenous types
• Elettaria cardamom var. minor comprising the
cultivated types viz.; Mysore and Malabar
• Vazhukka - natural breed between Mysore
and Malabar

Malabar Mysore Vazhukka
Plant stature Medium size and attain
2-3 m height on
maturity
Robust, 3-4 m
height
Robust like
mysore
Leaves Dorsal side Pubescent
or glabrous
Both side Pubescent
or glabrous
Oblong to
Lanceolate
Panicle Prostrate Erect Semi erect
Fruits Globose to oblong
shape
Ovoid, Dark green bold globose to
ovoid in shape
Adaptability 600-1200 m 900-1200 m 900-1200 m
Cultivated in Karnataka Mostly in Kerala Kerala
Types of Cardamom

Prostrate panicles (Malbar type)

Semi-erect panicles
(vazzukka type)

No. Selection
/Varities
Cultivar Special distinguishing characteristics Area of adaptability
ICRI (Spices Board) Idduki
1
ICRI -1
Malabar
An early maturing profusely flowering
variety, medium sized panicle with globose
extra bold dark green coloured capsules
South Idduki zone of
Kerala, where the rainfall
is well distributed
2 ICRI -2 Mysore
Performs well under irrigated conditions.
Suitable for higher altitude. It has medium long
panicles oblong bold and parrot green capsules
(Tolerant to Azhukal diseases)
Kerala and Tamil Nadu
3 ICRI -3 Malabar
Early maturing type, non-pubescent leaves,
oblong bold, parrot green capsules. It is
tolerant to rhizome rot disease
Cardamom growing tract
of Karnataka
High yielding varieties and selections

No
.
Selection/
Varities
ICRI (Spices Board) Idduki
4
ICRI -4
Malabar
An early maturing variety adaptable to
low rainfall area, medium size panicle,
globose bold parrot green, capsules,
non pubescent leaves.
Suitable for low rainfall
area
5 ICRI -5
Malabar
Hybrid, early bearing, high yield,
high oil content, deep green bold
capsules, moderately tolerant to rot
disease.
Kearla and parts of
Tamilnadu
6 ICRI -6 Malabar
Hybrid early bearing, high yield,
high oil content, deep green long bold
capsule, moderately tolerant to rot,
thrips ,bores and drought
Cardmom growing tract
of Karnataka
High yielding varieties and selections

Cardamom Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pampadumpara, Kerala
No. Selection/
Varities
Cultivar Special distinguishing
characteristics
Area of adaptability
7 PV-1 Malabar
An early maturity variety with
slightly ribbed light green
capsules. Short panicle. Close
racemes , narrowly ellipsoid to
elongate capsules
All cardamom
growing tracts of
Kerala and parts of
Tamil Nadu
8
PV-2
Vazhukka
High yielder, deep green long
bold capsules, high dry recovery
percent.
Kearla

Regional Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Mudigere,
Karnataka
No. Selection/
Varities
9 Mudigere -1 Malabar
Compact plant, suitable for high density
planting. Tolerant to hairy caterpillars and
while grubs. Short panicle. Bold, pale green
capsules. Tolerant to thrips and shoot
hole borer. Pubescent leaves
In the traditional
cardamom growing
Malanad areas of
Karnataka
10
Mudigere -2 Malabar Suited for cultivation in valleys in
Karnataka
Cardamom growing
tracts of Karnataka
11
Mudigere -3 Malabar Tolerant to thrips and shoot hole
borer.
Karnataka
12
Karnataka
Njallani
Green Gold
Vazhukka
Performs well under intensive
cultivation
Kerala and
Karanataka

IISR Cardamom Research Centre, Appangala, Karnataka
No. Selection/
Varities
Cultivar Special
distinguishing
characteristics
Area of adaptability
12
IISR Avinash Malabar
Characterized by high
yield (745 kg (dry
capsules)/ha)
Rhizome rot
resistant
Traditional cardamom tracts of
Kerala and Karnataka
13 IISR
vijetha
Malabar Tolerent to katte
Kodagu, Nort Wynad, Hassan &
Chikmagalur
14 Appangala-1 Malabar Early maturing Traditional cardamom tracts of
15 Appangala -2 Malabar High yielding and
resistant to
cardamom mosaic
virus
Traditional cardamom tracts of

Wonder cardamom- a new variety of cardamom
Drought-resistant cardamom variety.
This variety can also be grown in rubber plantations at lower altitude.
The specialty of the variety is that it has branched panicles.
The yield per plant is 3.0 to 4.0 kg of dry cardamom compared to 2.5-3.0 kg
in Njallani- the most popular variety of the region.
One kilogram carries around 3,800-5,000 capsules.
Source: National Innovation Foundation

The leaves are dark green in colour.
The plant shows a strong tiller base with 50 per cent of its
capsules of the size 6.5-7 mm.
Average flowering and crop is noticed throughout the year for
8 rounds.
The health of the plant and the high-yielding characteristics
make it one of the most promising varieties in the field.
The Kerala Cardamom Processing and Marketing Company
(KCPMC) has developed three new varieties of cardamom
Elarani I, II and III - at its research centre in Thekkady. The
clones for this have been identified from selected mother clones
from an estate the Kadamkuzhy in Idukki district.
Elarani I

Reported to be one of the highest yielding varieties which gives
good crop for 8 rounds throughout the year.
The new varieties are 25-50 per cent superior to Njallani plants.
The yield of the new series seems to be 100-150 kg per acre more
than the Njallani varieties.
Elarani II
Average flowering variety and gives a normal crop through out
the year for 8 rounds.
The leaves are light green in colour and its panicles are long.
The capsule looks round and the size of almost above 40 per cent
is 7-8 mm in size.
Elarani III

Ideal climatic and soil conditions for cardamom:
Natural habitat: Evergreen forests of Western Ghats
Altitude: 600 to 1200 m above MSL
Annual rainfall: 1500 to 2500 mm
Temperature: 10 to 35°C.
Soil type preferred: Forest loamy soils.
Soil pH: 5.5 to 6.5, generally acidic in nature
Soil nutrient status: High in organic matter and nitrogen, low to medium in
available phosphorus and medium to high in available potassium.
Climate and soil

Propagation
• Select from healthy, high yielding and well ripened capsules from high
yielding, disease-free mother clumps are collected (500-600g/ha)
• The seeds are extracted by gently pressing the capsules and then washed 3-
4 times in cold water to remove the mucilage adhering to the seeds.
• The washed seeds are drained, mixed with wood ash and dried under
shade.
• To ensure early and uniform germination, seeds should be sown
immediately after extraction
• Season- September in Karnataka and Nov-Jan in Kerala and Tamilnadu.
• Acid scarification with 25 % nitric acid for 10 min.
Seed Propagation:

Primary nursery:
Nursery site - moderately sloppy land, in open and well drained location
near source of water.
Raised seed beds of one meter width and of convenient length are prepared.
Spread a layer of forest soil over the bed.
Sow the seeds in row spaced at 10 cm and 1-2 cm apart within the row.
Seed rate is 10g/m2.
After sowing beds are covered with a thin layer of sand (2cm)
Water the beds regularly to maintain sufficient moisture and to promote
germination
Germination commences in about 20-25 days
Protect the seedlings by providing overhead shade.
Transplant the seedlings at 3-4 leaf stage to the secondary nursery.

Secondary nursery:
The seedlings are raised in the secondary nursery by two methods
Bed Nursery
The beds are prepared as described in primary nursery.
Spread a layer of compost on the bed and mix with soil
Seedlings with 3-4 leaves are transplanted at distance of 20-25 cm.
Mulching and watering should be done immediately after transplanting.
The seedlings will be ready for transplanting after 8-10 months of planting

Polybag nursery
Polybags of size 20x20 cm and 100 gauge thickness are filled with a
mixture of forest top soil, cowdung and sand (3:1:1) is an excellent
medium for filling polybags.
Provide suffient holes at the base of polybags to ensure good drainage.
Seedlings at 3- 4 leaf stages are transplanted into each bag.
Raising seedlings in polybags has many advantages like uniform
growth, more tillering and good establishment in field.

Suckers are collected from high yielding plants and planted at a spacing
of 1.8m x0.6m, thus accommodating approximately 6800 plants/ha of
clonal nursery area.
Overhead shade is provided and nursery is irrigated.
After 12 months of planting, each planting unit produces on average 32-42
suckers.
In an area of 1ha clonal nursery 1 to 1.4 lakhs planting units can be
produced after one year.
Rapid clonal multiplication technique

For planting, pits of required size are prepared before commencement of the
monsoon season (April – May).
For planting Malabar types, pits of size 45*45*45 cm are prepared and for
Mysore and Vazhukka types, 90*90*90 cm recommended
The pits are filled to one third topsoil.
Application of well decomposed FYM or compost and 100 g rock phosphate
will help in proper establishment and quick growth of suckers.
Planting season-June-July
In Karnataka, 10 month old seedlings are preferred for planting ,while in
kerala and Tamilnadu 18 month old seedilngs are commonly used.
Planting

• For Mysore and Vazhukka cultivars plant to plant distance can
be 3x3 m or 2.4x 2.4 m respectively.
• A spacing of 1.8 x 1.8 m or 2.0 x 2.0 m is Malabar types
suitable in Karnataka.
• Immediately after planting, the plant base should be mulched
well with available dried leaves to protect solid from erosion and
conservation of moisture.
• Planting should be done diagonally to the slope which will be
helpful as a self protector of soil.
• Deep planting should be avoided, as it results in suppression of
the growth of new shoots.

Shade regulation
• Cardamom being a pseophyte (shade loving- 50% shade) is very
sensitive to moisture stress
• Cardamom does not tolerate direct sun light, also too much shade affects
metabolic activities of plants.
• Removal of excess shade so as to allow sufficient penetration 50% filtered
sunlight for proper growth and flowering
•Shade regulation done during March-April in new plantations during May-
June after the receipt of summer shower in the existing plantations

Common shade trees in cardamom estates
• Dadap (Erythrina lithosperma)
• Albizia karuna
• Red cedar (Cedrella tuna)
• Jack tree
• Elangi (Mimusops elangi)
Balangi (Atrocarpus fraxinifolius)

Irrigation
 Generally Cardamom is grown as a rainfed crop, but provide
sprinkler irrigation during summer for increased yields.
 This is the period in which development of young tillers and
panicles takes place
 Regular irrigation (1-1.5 inches per irrigation) will help the
initiation of panicles, flowering and fruit setting.
Earthling up
Earthling up of the plant base with top soil is recommended during Dec.- Jan. While
carrying out this operation, care should be exercised to ensure that only top soil is used,
and it is evenly spread at the base covering only half the bulb portion of the rhizome.
This operation helps to keep the top 10 to 15 cm soil loose and friable enabling easy
root penetration and water percolation.

Mulching and Forking
• Fallen leaves of the shade trees are
utilized for mulching (5-10 cm
thickness).
Forking the plant base to a distance
up to 90 cm and a depth of 9-12 cm
promotes better root penetration.
Panicles are exposed above the
mulch for the pollination by bees

Trashing
Trashing consists of removing old and drying shoots of the plant once in a
year with the onset of monsoon, under rainfed conditions and.
This operation may be carried out once in a year at any time one month after
completion of the final harvest.
These materials can also be used as mulch.

Weeding
Frequent weeding is necessary
2-3 weedings are necessary in a year (May-June, Aug- Sept and Dec-Jan)
Weeding in the interspaces are recommended
Mechanical weed cutters be used for weeding

Nutrient Management
Application of organic manures such as FYM, cowdung or
compost @ 5 kg / plant or neem cake @ 1-2 kg / plant may be
done during June-July.
The present recommendation of nutrients for cardamom is
N:P2O5:K2O @ 75:75:150 kg/ha.
The fertilizers may be applied in two split doses, before and
after the southwest monsoon, in a circular band of 20 cm wide
and 30-40 cm away from the base of the clumps, and mixed
with soil.

PESTS AND DISEASES OF
CARDAMOM

Pests
Management:
Regulate shade in thickly shaded areas.
Spray insecticides like quinalphos 0.025%
during March, April, May, August and
September.
Symptoms
•Adults and nymphs suck sap and cause
damage to leaves, shoots, inflorescence
• Thrips affected capsules fetch lower price.
1. Thrips: Sciothrips cardamom

2. Shoot, panicle and capsule borer:
Dichocrocis (Conogethes) punctiferalis
Symptoms:
•Larvae bore the unopened leaf buds, panicles causing drying
of feed on young seeds causing the capsules empty
Management:
•Spraying quinalphos ( 0.075%) is effective in controlling
this pest.

3. Black hairy caterpillar (Eupterote canerica, E. cardamomi, E.
fabia etc)
Symptoms:
Management:
•Spraying fenthion 0.075% is effective in controlling
this pest.
.
Symptoms:
Larvae bore the unopened leaf buds, panicles causing drying of
feed on young seeds causing the capsules empty
Management:
Light traps at night
2% Methyl parathion dust/ Quinalphos (0.05%)
Collect and destroy the hairy caterpillars

Minor pests
1. Beetle borer: Onthophgus spp
2. Shoot fly: Formosina flavipes
3. White flies: Dialeurodes cardamom
4. Cardamom aphid: Pentalonia nigronervosa f.Caladii
5. Root grubs: Basilepta fulvicorne

Diseases
1. Damping off / rhizome rot / clamp rot –
Pythium vexans, Fusarium oxysporum,
Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora sp.
 Management
1. Providing proper drainage
2. Maintain proper phytosanitary measures in nursery
3. Drenching the nursery beds with Copper
oxychloride 0.25%
4. Soil drenching with B.M 1%

Symptoms
2. Azhukal disease / capsule rot / fruit rot:–Phytophthora
parasitica car. nicotianae/ Phytophthora palmivora
Water soaked lesions on tender leaves and
capsules
Upon decay emits bad foul smell and drop
off
The infection spreads to the underground plants
and the rhizomes become rots.
The tip of inflorescence also rot.

Infected Panicle
Infected leaves
Control of Azhukal
Management:
1. Removal and burning of
infected plants.
2. Provide proper drainage
3. Three sprays with BM 1% in
May, June, July
4. Soil drench with BM 1 % (or)
Copper oxychloride 0.25%

3. Rhizome Rot Disease
Rotten rhizomes and tillers
Symptoms
•Yellowing of foliage
and dropping of leaves
•Rotting extends to the
rhizome and roots
•Rotten rhizomes
become soft, dark brown
in color and emit foul
smell

4. Chenthal disease / leaf blight: Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides
Management
1. Removal and destruction of
affected leaves
2. Three sprays with
carbendazim 0.1% (or)
Mancozab 0.2% (or) copper
oxychloride 0.25% at 30 days
interval.
•Initially manifests on the leaves as
water soaked lesions which later
coalesce to from yellowish-brown to
reddish brown patches

5. Mosaic – Cadamom mosaic virus (CDMV)
Symptoms
General chlorosis of young leaves
Mosaic symptoms appear on the
leaflamina
Mosaic type of mottling is observed on
leaf sheaths and young pesudostem
 In advanced stage the whole plant
shows mosaic symptoms.

Management
1. Collection and removal of infected clumps along with
rhizomes and burning.
2. Raising of nursery in diseases free areas.
3. The virus is disseminated by the aphid vector (Pentalonia
Caladii) and also through infected rhizomes
4. Spray with dimethoate (or) Methyl dematan (or)
Phosphomidon to kill the vector.

Some points to identify the maturity stage are
Distinctly developed shoulders of the capsule.
Clear cut line in between two segment of the shell.
Triangular deep cut at the point of attachment
Loose attachment of capsule to the panicle.
Change of seed colour to brownish black or black

 Harvesting of capsules Cardamom plants
take about two years to bear capsules.
 It takes about three months for fruit
maturity.
 Harvesting of cardamom is the most
important operation that requires special
attention of growers.
 Proper harvesting will improve the
quality and quantity of the produce
Harvesting

Care may be taken to pick capsules only at a physiologically
mature to fully ripened stage so as to allow proper development of
seed and to obtain higher recovery.
Over ripening of capsules should be avoided as it results in loss of
capsules due to rodents and squirrels in the field and splitting at
the time of curing, which results in lower market value.
After harvest, washing the capsules with clean water and draining
the water is essential to get good quality dried cardamom.

1. Only the green and mature
capsules.
2. This process will naturally
give a lower green crop per
pick.
3. The gap between picking
rounds can be maintained at
20 to 30 days.
1. Done semi-mature capsules
are also removed.
2. This process reduces curing
percentage and gives green
coloured capsules upon
curing.
3. Can be maintained between
30 to 45 days.
In harvesting it involves two types of
picking…………..
1) Light picking
2) Hard picking
Light picking Hard picking

In the first year of bearing the yield may be 25 to 50 kg/ha under
favourable conditions.
In the second year, the average yield would be around 50 to 70 kg
and in the third year it may go up to an average of 100 kg.
The average yield of dry capsules from a well maintained
cardamom field from the fourth year onwards will be 500 kg/ha.
Drying recovery about 20-24%.
Yield

3. Curing/ drying
• Moisture is reduced from 80% to 11-12%
• Capsules are spread out thinly on wire-net trays in the curing chamber
or heated chambers (kilns) and hot air is passed

Cardamom curing is a process in
which the moisture of freshly
harvested capsule is reduced from
80% to 10 to 12% at an optimum
temperature of 50o C so as to retain
green colour to the maximum extent.
There are mainly two types of
drying…
1. Natural (sun drying)
2. Artificial drying by using
fire wood (traditional
flue pipe system)
Curing

The traditional fire wood based
curing house consists of wood
burning furnace, flue pipes and
drying racks in a chamber.
The furnace is made up of fine
bricks or ordinary bricks having
about 2.5 M x 0.6 M grate size to
facilitate charging with big wood
logs.
The hot flue gases escapes through the chimney after circulating through
25-30 cm diameter flue pipes, made of mild steel sheets placed in the centre
of the room.

The racks containing harvested
cardamom capsules are kept at
30-50 cm distance from flue
pipe to avoid over heating.
The roof of the curing chamber
is insulated from inside with
wooden planks.
The capacity of the curing house
varies from 200 to 500 kg fresh
capsules.

Types of cardamom driers
• Kiln driers
• Cross flow electrical driers
• Infrared driers
• RRL-Trivandrum drier
• IISC drier (25-100kg capacity, most fuel efficient)
• Solar drier (Cheap and best, most popular with 25-35kg capacity)
• Electrical drier (high cost and intermittent supply of electricity is a
disadvantage)
• Low cost drier of CPCRI (20-25kg/batch)
• Vertical flow electrical drier from UAS, Bangalore (temp – 53oC, time-14
hours, 10kg/batch)

4. Polishing
The product is rubbed gently against coarse surface of wire/ coir mat to
remove the stalk and other dried remains of floral parts, gives attractive
color and the polishing effect
Air screen separators are also used
5. Grading
The GOI and the ISI/BIS have prescribed Agmark grades
Cleaned capsules are sorted out into different grades according to their size
(7mm, 6.5mm and 6 mm) and color as long, medium and shorts

6. Storage
After grading cardamom capsules are stored
Capsules stored at a moisture content of less than 10 % to retain the original
parrot green color and to prevent mould growth.
Use of 300 gauge black polythene lined gunny bags improves efficiency of
storage.
Wooden boxes are also used

In order to get prime price in the market,
grading of capsules by sieving under
different diameter sieves is to be done.
The cardamom with good green colour
and above 7 mm will fetch the highest
price in the market.

Packed cardamom according grades

GRADES OF CARDAMOM
1. Bold: Popular Export Grade with greenish colour.
Yellow/Black/open cardamom removed.
2. Super Bold: A very special variety with greenish colour. Cannot
see any yellow/Black/open cardamom.
3. Extra Bold: Best in the Export market with greenish colour.
Yellow/Black/open cardamom will be removed.
4. Bulk: This grade will contain all size, matured and immatured
capsules, black, yellow and splited cardamom.
5. Small: black capsules.
6. Open / Splits: The colour may be partly greenish/pale yellow.

Value added products of cardamom
cardamom seeds
cardamom powder
cardamom oil
cardamom oleoresin
cardamom coffee and tea
sugar cardamom mix
cardamom flavoured cola beverage
cardamom chocolate
cardamom-flavoured ‘flan’
cardamom tincture

Green cardamom
• After harvesting, capsules are dried either in fuel Kiln or electrical drier or in
the sun. Soaking freshly harvested green cardamom capsules in 2 % washing
soda solution for 10 minutes prior to drying helps to retain original green color
during-drying.
• Under flue pipe drier, it should be dried at 45-50 °C for 14-18 hours, while
over night drying at 50-60°C is required under an electric drier.
• The capsules are spread-thinly and stirred frequently to ensure uniform drying.

Bleached cardamom
• Bleaching is done to turn the capsules to white by
• Soaking fresh capsules in potassium metabisulphite (25% containing
1% HCl for 30min)
• Hydrogen peroxide (4-6%)
• Sulphur dioxide fumes
• Bleaching powder

• The basic cardamom aroma is produced by a combination of
the major components, 1,8 - cineole and α- terpinyl acetate
in essential oil. obtained by steam distilation, for 4 hours.
Cardamom Oil
Oleoresin
•The oleoresins are obtained through solvent
extraction method.
•Super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) is also
adopted.

Decorticated seed &
Cardamom Seed Powder.

INNOVATIVENESS IN CARDAMOM CULTIVATION
Sebastian Joseph: This farmer changed the face of cardamom cultivation in India
Joseph developed the Njallani, a variety of cardamom that now accounts for 70%
of all of the spice
Njallani belongs to Vazhukka type with high yield potential and rare ability to
respond to better agronomic management.

Thiruthali variety (Sri. T. P. Joseph)
• Thiruthali variety has yield potential of 4 t/ha, with economic life
period of more than 15 years.
• It has high resistance to Pest & Disease incidence. The variety is highly
resistant to Root grub, with moderate tolerance to Azhukal disease

Cardamom Washing Machine by Sri. N.J.Thomas
• Only one person is sufficent to operate the machine.
• It would be possible to clean eight to ten tonnes of green cardamom in one day by one
person.
• He has invented the cardamom polishing machine CARPOL which was recognized by
the spice boardand national inovation foundation during 1995

Micropropagation (shoot tips as explants)

MICRONUTRIENT MIX
Foliar application of
micronutrient mixture developed
by ICAR-IISR specific to
cardamom (Dosage @ 5g/L)
twice in May – June and
September-October, for higher
yield.

Cardamom (Amomum subulatum) has been used for the treatment
of various diseases due to its potential medicinal properties.
Methanol extract of Cardamom has remarkable antimicrobial
activity against some pathogenic bacteria
Cardamom is an effective crude drug for the asthmatic patient
because of its flavonoids which likely to contribute in its airways
relaxing action .
Current researches recommend that Cardamom has anticancer
property as it decreased activity of the cancer cell lines
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2021; 9(3): 111-117
Islam et al., 2021

Dry cardamom immediately after harvest to retain the original colour at
which they are harvested.
Maintain temperature inside the room between 40° and 50°C in the first
10 to 12 hours, then increase to 55°C for rest of the curing period.
Provide proper openings for expelling the moisture from the room while
curing, which is essential to retain good green colour during drying.
Avoid raising of temperature above 65°C inside the room in order to
reduce splitting of capsules and loss of vital volatile cardamom oil.
Polish the cured capsules when they are hot.
Use black polythene lined gunny bags for packing cured cardamom and
store them in wooden boxes for better storage efficiency.
A few tips to improve the quality of cured cardamom are:

REFERENCES:
Introduction to Spices, Plantation Crops, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants by N. Kumar
Agri-tech TNAU
KAU Agri-Infotech Portal:CEL
Spice Board of India, Cochin Kerala
Indian Institute of Spice Research
Cultivation of Spices Crop by A.A Farooqi and Sree Ramu

Advance in production technology of Cardmom.pptx

Advance in production technology of Cardmom.pptx

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