Tropical root and tuber crops are the second most important group of crop plants after cereals. Tuber crops occupy remarkable position towards food security of the developing world due to their high calorific value and superior CHO content. In world the total productivity of tuber crops of about 10.88 t/ha and in India tuber crops total production of about 6.58 mt from an area of 0.24 mha. Among tuber crops sweet potato, cassava and elephant foot yam are cultivated commercially in considerable area. These commodities are grown by small scale farmers and more yield than other food crops. Root and tuber crops are known as energy banks of nature providing staple food, meet the calorie needs of about one fifth of word’s population. These crops have complex role to play in food security, reduction hunger and elimination of poverty. Tuber crops were well adapted to diverse soil and environment condition with wide farming system by this that can enable all year round production. And Tuber crops are efficient source of CHO compared to other food crops. Apart from that also good source of vitamins, minerals which helps in several health problems, also used for various medicinal purpose (Sanket J et al., 2019). Sweet potato is important tropical tuber crop. It is herbaceous perennial but cultivated as annual. And Botanically called Ipomoea batatas belongs to Family Convolvulaceae having its hexaploid Chromosome number is 90. Another important tuber crop is cassava next to sweet potato. Cassava is perennial, monoecious shrub. Botanically called Manihot esculenta belongs to family Euphorbiaceae having its diploid chromosome number is 36. BIOFORTIFICATION OF CASSAVA:3. Yam:  Dioscorea is a perennial deciduous vine belongs to family dioscorea. It is recognized as the fourth most important tuber crop.  It contributes about 10% of the total root and tubers production around the world.  Yams also considered as famine food and play a prime role in the food habit of small and marginal rural families and forest-dwelling communities during the food scarcity periods. 4. Taro:Taro is staple and subsidiary food crop, botanically called colocasia esculenta, belongs to family Araceace. Tubers are low in fat, high in vit A & abundant in complex carbohydrates. 5. Elephant foot yam  Elephant tuber manly raised as cash crop, It is botanically called Amorphophallus paeoniifolius belongs to family Aracea, having its diploid chromosome number is 28.  Corm and pseudostem are the edible part of EFY. 6. Arrowroot  Botanically called Maranta arundinacea belongs to family marantaceae, having its diploid chromosome is 24. Anti-Nutritional Factors: VALUE ADDITION: Major Tuber crops research centers in India o CTCRI REGIONAL CENTER, BHUBANESWAR, ORISSA o CTCRI, TRIRUVANANTHAPURAM, KERALA o 19 AICRP Centers. Conclusion: Tropical root and tuber crops play a major role in food security, culture and economic propesperity in many Asian, African countries.

1. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 1
Welcome

2. 2
Dept Vsc
Food & nutritional security
5/2/2023

3. 2 May 2023 3
FAO projects the need to
increase agricultural
output by atleast 60% in
the next decade

4.  In 2020 the GHI ranking India has been ranked 94 out of 107
countries.
 India alone is home to 23% hungry people
38.4% of all children under the age of five were found stunted.
(IFPRI 2020, Global Hunger Index: The challenge of hidden hunger)
Global hunger and malnutrition
4
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023

5. UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES,
BAGALKOT
K. R. C. COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, ARABHAVI
Importance of tropical tubers in solving global hunger
PALLAVI WANI
UHS19PGM1174
M.Sc. (Horticulture)
Vegetable Science
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023

6. Introduction
Nutritional Health Benefits of Tuber crops
Case studies
Indigenous traditional knowledge on TTC in India
Achievements & Extension activities
Conclusion
6
Topic division
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023

7. INTRODUCTION
The average productivity in world is
10.88 t/ha
In India the production is 6.58 mt from
an area of 0.24 m ha.
7
nbaindia.org
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023

8. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 8
Importance of tuber crops as nutritious crops of future
As staple food
(Food security)
Diversity
(Hidden hunger)
Enable all year
round
production
Source of
CHO, (3.9%
energy)
Processed food
products
Improve Food and
Nutrition Security
Nutrition
(Alleviating
malnutrition) Sanket J et al., 2019

9. CENTRE OF ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
9
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023 Mandal,2006

10. 10
DISTRIBUTION IN
INDIA
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Mandal,2006

11. 11
DISTRIBUTION IN
KARNATAKA
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023 Mandal,2006

12. Constituents Cassava Sweet potato Yam Aroids
Dry matter % 30-40 19-35 21-40 22-27
Starch % 27-36 10-28 18-25 19-21
Energy (Kcal/100g) 124 114 101 98
Total sugars % 0.5-2.5 1.5-5.0 0.5-1.0 2.0
Fiber % 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.5-3.0
Protein % 0.5-2.0 1.0-2.5 2.5 1.5-3.0
Lipids (g) 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2
Vitamin A (mg/100 g
FW)
17 900 117 -
Vitamin C (mg/100 g
FW)
50 35 24 9
Ca (mg/100 g ) NA 32 20 28
P (mg/100 g ) NA 47 69 61
Fe (mg/100 g ) NA 0.7 0.6 1.0
Na (mg/100 g ) NA 10 - 7
K (mg/100 g ) NA 243 600 514
Bradbury and Holloway, 1988
Table .1. Nutritional composition of 100 g edible Tuber crops
12
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023

13. Sweet Potato
13
Dept Vsc
Health
Benefits of
sweet potato
Nutritious food
“(Poor man
Food)”
Beta carotene &
bioactive
compounds
Good for
Diabetics,stablize
the blood sugar
level
Rich source of
Vitamins(Vit
A,B6,Vit C)
Antioxidants in
Purple sweet
potato
Botanical name : Ipomoea batatas
 Family : Convolvulaceae
 Chromosome number : 2n = 6x = 90
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008
5/2/2023

14. Species Diversity
Species Used for
Ipomoea mauritiana Medicinal purpose
Ipomoea aquatica Medicinal purpose
Ipomoea companulata Antidote for snake poison
Ipomoea marginata Leaves are used as shampoo
14
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008

15. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 15
Potential Impacts of Orange fleshed sweet
potato(OFSP) in alleviating Vit A deficiencies

16. Case study- 1 Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences
Nutritional Status of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes in
Alleviating Vitamin A Malnutrition through a Food-Based
Approach
Objective: To study the Assessment of Nutritional
quality of tubers of different genotypes of
OFSP for Optimum yield and quality.
Mitra, 2012
16
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Dept of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops,
AICRP on Tuber Crops of West Bengal, India

17. Materials and methods
• Experimental material: 15 exotic and indigenous orange fleshed
cultivars of sweet potato
• Season : Winter 2006-07
• Experimental design : Randomized block design
• Replication : 3
Fig. 1. Different cultivars of orange fleshed sweet potatoes
17
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Mitra, 2012

18. Table .2.Performance of orange fleshed sweet potato genotypes harvested at
120 DAP
GENOTYPES Total Tuber
Yield(t/ha)
Dry matter (%) Starch (%)
S-61 18.33 23.42 9.26
S-594 21.66 25.51 10.84
S-1156 15.00 26.13 17. 38
S-1281 13.33 26.52 15.37
SV-98 24.16 24.46 9.71
362-7 20.23 25.67 9.93
IGSP-15 19.99 24.73 10.13
CIP SWA-2 21.66 24.27 9.54
187017-1 6.67 25.34 14.17
440038 23.58 22.53 8.98
440127 26.66 23.42 9.19
420027 9.99 24.78 13.92
ST-14 22.16 24.16 8.23
Kamala sundari 27.48 22.47 7.68
90/101 26.87 21.23 8.82
CD at 5% 2.51 1.46 2.14
18
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Mitra, 2012

19. GENOTYPES Ascorbic acid
mg/100g
β-Carotene
content
(mg/100g)
Total sugar (%) Retention of β-
Carotene in cooked
tubers(%)
S-61 14.37 4380 2.41 87.76
S-594 12.87 5840 2.39 82.28
S-1156 13.75 4730 2.48 76.69
S-1281 14.57 5420 2.54 81.46
SV-98 26.82 4860 2.42 78.65
362-7 15.78 6970 2.79 84.08
IGSP-15 13.92 2890 2.49 79.82
CIP SWA-2 15.76 6570 2.61 81.29
187017-1 17.31 3120 2.24 78.32
440038 13.97 5470 2.67 76.56
440127 15.29 2580 2.56 79.63
420027 14.12 2710 2.28 77.77
ST-14 18.66 9740 2.69 87.22
Kamala sundari 21.54 6430 2.63 81.56
90/101 19.93 4060 2.47 80.44
CD at 5% 0.72 1.54 0.14 2.18
Table.3. Nutritional composition of orange fleshed sweet potato genotypes
19
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023 Mitra, 2012

20. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 20
Thus replacing the white fleshed sweet potato variety with new
orange fleshed like ST-14, Kamala sundari, 362-7,CIPSWA-2
having high β carotene.
Mitra, 2012
Inference

21. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 21
Purple-fleshed sweet potato contain vital
nutrients and bioactive compounds.

22. Antioxidant activity, chemical and nutritional
properties of raw and processed purple fleshed
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.)
Food Science & Technology, Philippines
Queenie et al., 2019
Objective-To study the evaluation of antioxidant
activity, chemical composition, and
nutritional value of raw and processed
products of purple-fleshed sweet potato.
Dept Vsc
22
5/2/2023
Case study- 2

23. Materials and methods
Purple fleshed sweet potato
Processing
of PFSP
into flour
Determination
of antioxidant
activity
Proximate
composition
Computation
of nutritional
value
23
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Queenie et al., 2019

24. Sample
Antioxidant Activity (%
Scavenging Activity)
Raw PSP 74.22 ± 0.28
PSPF 85.37 ± 0.30
Candy (40% PSPF) 8.77 ± 0.49
Muffin (40% PSPF) 10.60 ± 0.38
Bread (20% PSPF) 10.14 ± 0.39
Table .4. Antioxidant activity of raw PSP, PSPF and
PSPF-substituted products
24
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Queenie et al., 2019

25. Dept Vsc 25
Fig.1. Antioxidant activity of PSPF-substituted and non-
substituted products.
5/2/2023
Queenie et al., 2019

26. Table .5. Chemical composition (% db) of raw PSP, PSPF and
PSPF-substituted products
Component Raw PSP PSPF Candy Muffin Bread
Moisture (%) 63.51 ± 0.20a 6.25 ± 0.03b 18.54 ± 0.16 29.44 ± 0.68 27.61 ± 0.07
Crude fat (%) 1.29 ± 0.02b 1.46 ± 0.03a 0.40 ± 0.01 6.55 ± 0.05 6.65 ± 0.04
Protein (%) 1.82 ± 0.04a 1.70 ± 0.07b 1.53 ± 0.08 10.07 ± 0.06 11.60 ± 0.05
Crude fiber (%) 2.79 ± 0.03a 2.84 ± 0.22a 0.04 ± 0.00 0.10 ± 0.01 0.60 ± 0.00
Iron (mg/100g) 19.13 ± 0.28a 15.08 ± 0.14b 0.17 ± 0.10 4.00 ± 0.03 4.76 ± 0.04
Zinc (mg/100g) 0.80 ± 0.01a 0.67 ± 0.01b ** ** **
Mean values in the same raw for raw PSP and PSPF with the same letter (s) are not significantly different at p <
0.05.
**—undetectable.
26
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023 Queenie et al., 2019

27. Dept Vsc 27
Table .6. RENI contribution (% RENI) for energy and protein of raw PSP,
PSPF,and PSPF-substituted products per 100 grams
PSP—purple sweet potato
* good source PSPF—purple sweet potato flour
** high source
5/2/2023
Queenie et al., 2019

28. Dept Vsc 28
Age
Raw PSP PSPF Candy# Muffin# Bread#
Iron Zinc Iron Zinc Iron Iron Iron
6 –<12
mos.
179.01** 17.86* 141.33** 15.00* 1.37 28.20* 34.47**
1–3 yrs. 223.77** 16.67* 176.67** 14.00 1.71 35.25** 43.08**
4–6 yrs. 198.90** 13.89 157.04** 11.67 1.52 31.33** 38.30**
7–9 yrs. 162.74** 13.89 128.48** 11.67 1.24 25.64* 31.33**
Table .7. RENI contribution (% RENI) for iron and zinc of raw PSP, PSPF, and
PSPF-substituted products per 100 grams
PSP—purple sweet potato PSPF—purple sweet potato flour
* good source
** high source # undetectable zinc level
5/2/2023
Queenie et al., 2019

29. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 29
The processing of purple-fleshed sweet potato into flour
significantly increases its antioxidant activity.
PSPF-substituted candy is a good source of energy while
muffins and bread are potential sources of energy, protein,
and iron.
Queenie et al., 2019
Inference

30. CASSAVA
30
Dept Vsc
Health
Benefits of
cassava
An attractive crop,
plenty of CHO
Starchy food
(adverse
climatic
condition)
Helps in boost
energy level
Improves blood
circulation
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008
5/2/2023
Botanical name : Manihot esculenta
 Family : Euphorbiaceae
 Chromosome number : 2n = 36

31. Species Diversity
Species Remarks
Manihot esculenta Edible tuber
Manihot glaziovii Cera rubber
Manihot tristis Rich in protein
Manihot grahami Tolerant to seasonal low temperature
Manihot anisophylla Tolerant to seasonal low temperature
31
Dept Vsc
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008
5/2/2023

32. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 32
Improving protein in cassava by inter-
specific hybridization

33. Improving Carotenoids and Amino-Acids in
Cassava
Nassar et al., 2009
33
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Objective- assessment of lycopene content and
amino-acid profiles of cassava
landraces and a inter-specific hybrid,
respectively.
Food, Nutrition & Agriculture
Case study- 3

34. Dept Vsc
34
Materials and methods
 The landraces UnB 400 and UnB 500 - collection were analyzed
spectrophotometrically for lycopene content.
 ICB 300- derived offspring (Progeny 4, Progeny 9 and Progeny
10) – Amino acid profiling.
5/2/2023
Nassar et al., 2009
M. esculenta(UNB 01) x M. oligantha
hybrid ICB 300
Inter-specific hybridization -

35. Dept Vsc
35
Fig.2. Chromatogram profile of (A) lycopene and (B) cassava clone, showing
peaks of trans-α-carotene, lycopene and cis lycopene.
trans α carotene
Cis lycopene
5/2/2023
Nassar et al., 2009

36. Dept Vsc
36
Fig.3. Spectrogram profile (range 300-600nm) of peak referent to lycopene (A)
isolated from tomato and (B) of cassava clone roots, showing a similarity of
0.98
5/2/2023 Nassar et al., 2009
Tomato Cassava

37. Dept Vsc 37
AA UnB 01 ICB 300 Sample
3
Progeny
10
Progeny 4 Progeny 9 ICB 300
Diploide
Ala 0.020 0.093 0.017 0.019 0.040 0.098
Arg 0.037 0.261 0.061 0.082 0.320 0.108
Asp 0.016 0.146 0.023 0.033 0.052 0.137
Cys 0.027 0.029 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.025
Glu 0.039 0.222 0.044 0.065 0.151 0.221
Gly 0.012 0.078 0.012 0.015 0.037 0.075
Ile 0.008 0.068 0.010 0.010 0.018 0.069
His 0.000 0.038 0.010 0.010 0.027 0.036
Leu 0.016 0.131 0.013 0.000 0.041 0.127
Lys 0.010 0.098 0.020 0.019 0.034 0.079
Met 0.014 0.041 0.004 0.000 0.019 0.037
Phe 0.016 0.129 0.058 0.000 0.065 0.120
Pro 0.000 0.054 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066
Ser 0.012 0.088 0.013 0.018 0.033 0.078
Thr 0.008 0.061 0.007 0.013 0.022 0.066
Tyr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Val 0.019 0.115 0.027 0.025 0.039 0.112
Total 0.254 1.654 0.344 0.336 0.922 1.454
Table.8. Amino Acid (AA) Profile (g per 100g Sample Mass) in Peeled Roots of
Cassava Cultivar
5/2/2023 Nassar et al., 2009

38. Dept Vsc 38
Inter-specific hybridizations provides materials that
could be more interesting sources for breeding
nutritious cassava for human consumption.
And the cassava landrace UnB 400 had a high
content of beta -carotene (up to 4 mg/kg).
5/2/2023
Nassar et al., 2009
Inference

39. 39
Dept Vsc
https://www.Human-Nutrition Health,2018
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA);
HarvestPlus Nigeria
5/2/2023
BIOFORTIFICATION OF CASSAVA
 Goal: Develop genotypes from agronomically superior
varieties having high concentration of beta carotene.
 Average provitamin A content of cassava: 0.5 (μg/g)
 HarvestPlus targeted value after biofortification is 15.5 (μg/g).

40. YAM
40
Dept Vsc
Genus-Dioscorea sps
Family-Dioscoreaceae
Fourth most
important tuber
crop
Good source of
essential
dietary
supplements
Food &
Medicine
As a famine food
Act as food
security crop
Health
benefits
of yam
Padhan and Panda, 2020
5/2/2023

41. Species Diversity
Species Native Remarks
D. alata South East Asia -Burma Flesh white or purple
D. esculenta Indo-china Clusters, sweet in taste
D. bulbifera Asia and Africa Large number bulbils at leaf axil
D. dumetorum Tropical Africa Bitter yam, poisonous
D. rotundata West Africa White yam, smooth skinned
D. Cayenensis West Africa Yellow yam, thorns
D. trifida North of south America Flesh is white ,yellow, purple
D. opposita China Hardiest yam
D. japonica Japan Food and medicine
D. hispida India Not edible
D. mexicana - Diosgenin extraction
D. composite - Diosgenin extraction
D. floribunda - Diosgenin extraction
41
Dept Vsc Palaniswami and Peter, 2008
5/2/2023

42. Dept Vsc 42
5/2/2023
Padhan and Panda, 2020
Yam species contains more amount of dietary fiber than other
tuber crops such as cassava and sweet potatoes .
The yam species are reported to have higher protein content than
other important tuber crops like cassava and sweet potato.
The yam tubers contain different vitamins higher than other tuber
crops Vitamin C is the most abundant in yam tubers .
The most widely cultivated species D. cayennensis is reported to
have higher carotenoid content.

43. Fig.4. Morphological variations of different Dioscorea species consumed by tribal
people
43
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Padhan and Panda, 2020

44. Taro
44
Dept Vsc
Botanical name : Colocassia esculenta
 Family : Araceae
Edible part : corms
Taro is used as a staple food,
“Poi” is fermented product
5/2/2023 Palaniswami and Peter, 2008

45. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 45
Taro
Eddoe type Dasheen type
{Colocassia esculenta var .antiquorum} { Colocassia esculenta var. esculenta }
 small corm surrounded by
large cormels
 Large central corm, smaller, very
few, compactly clustered cormels
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008

46. Dept Vsc
46
Taro contains about 11% protein & 85-87% starch.
 Underutilized crops such as taro have much importance
in ensuring food security.
It can be goodness for malnutrition and food insecurity
for rural peoples.
5/2/2023
Temesgen and Ratta ,2017

47. Elephant foot yam
47
Dept Vsc
Botanical name : Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
 Family : Araceae
 Chromosome number : 2n = 28
 Edible part : Corm and pseudo stem
Popularly termed as a slimming food, is a low-fat food
which lowers the cholesterol level and helps in weight
loss.
Good for diabetes.
Blood sugar reducing action.
5/2/2023
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008

48. Arrowroot
48
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Botanical name : Maranta arundinacea
 Family : Marantaaceae
 Chromosome number : 2n = 48
 Edible part : Rhizome
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008
“Valued as food stuff ”and used in the
form of biscuits, jam, cake.

49. Case study-4
Utilization of minor tuber crops grown in
Western Ghats of Karnataka
Mesta and Bharati., 2017
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
J. Farm Sci., 30(3): (400-403) 2017
Objective – To Study Documentation of large
number of minor tuber crops grown
and their utilization in western Ghats
of Karnataka.
49
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023

50. Materials and methods
Documentation of minor tuber crops was carried out in Sirsi,
Joida and Yallapur taluk of Uttara Kannada District during 2016.
30 farmers who were cultivating minor tubers of different types
and consuming in daily life.
The data were collected by personal interview method and
tabulated.
50
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Mesta and Bharati., 2017

51. Dept Vsc
51
Table.11.Tuber crops grown by the respondents
Tuber crop n Percentage (%)
Elephant foot yam 20 66.67
Cassava 18 60
Taro (Kaale aalu) 17 56.67
White taro (dahe aalu) 13 43.33
Arrow root 11 36.67
Lesser yam (Kaate kanaga) 10 33.33
Potato yam 8 26.67
Chinese potato 7 23.33
Sweet potato (ratali), White yam and Yam 6 20
Red yam (Tambade kon), Taro and Yam (dukar kon) 5 16.67
Yam (nagar kon) 4 13.33
Taro (Kaasar aalu ) 3 10
Yam (African yam) 2 6.67
Red taro (tambade aalu), Yam (Chani kando) and Yam(taroti
Kon)
1 3.33
5/2/2023
Mesta and Bharati., 2017

52. Dept Vsc
52
Fig.5. Processing methods followed for different minor tuber crops
41%
34%
10%
9%
6%
Boiled
Steamed
Sweet
Fried
Savoury
5/2/2023
Mesta and Bharati., 2017

53. Dept Vsc
53
Table.12.Distribution of respondents based on method of
processing the tubers
Tubers
Methods of processing
Boiling Steaming Frying Boiling and
sauteing
with spices
Boiling with
milk and
sweeteners
N % N % N % N % N %
Yams 28 93.33 4 13.33 4 13.33 28 93.33 14 46.66
Cassava 22 73.33 8 26.67 -
0.00
12 40 - 0.00
Arrow
root
4 13.33 - 0.00 - 0.00 4 13.33 - 0.00
Sweet
potato
12 40 8 26.67 - 0.00 - 0.00 5 16.67
Taro - 0.00 - 0.00 10 33.33 29 96.67 3 10.00
5/2/2023
Mesta and Bharati., 2017

54. Dept Vsc
54
Tab.13.Health Benefits of minor tubers as perceived by
respondents
Tuber crop
Ailment/Illness
Form of
consumption
Reasons for use
Chinese potato
Gives strength,
better digestion
among pregnant
women.
Smashing (it will
give gel like
substances) Boiled
Grown in backyard
Arrow root
Dysentry, Repeated
fever, Tiredness,
Keeps body cool
Powdered form:
add 1 tsp of
powder to glass of
water and drink.
Organically grown
and safe for health.
Good taste and add
variety to diet.
Elephant foot yam Piles
Can be consumed
in any form
-
5/2/2023
Mesta and Bharati., 2017

55. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 55
Large number of minor tubers are
cultivated or gathered in Western Ghats
region and used in daily life for attaining
nutrition and health security.
Mesta and Bharati., 2017
Inference

56. Anti-Nutritional Factors
Anti-nutritional factors - biological compounds present in human or
animal food that reduces nutrient utilization or food intake, thereby
contributing to impaired gastrointestinal and metabolic performance –
Dunlop, 2004
Crop Anti-Nutritional Factor
Cassava Linamarin
Sweet potato Tripsin inhibitor
Yam Dioscorine
Elephant foot yam Calcium oxalate
Taro Oxalic acid
56
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Palaniswami and Peter, 2008

57. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc 57
“Restricted use of cassava Tuber in
diet due to Presence of HCN”

58. Influence of cultivars and processing methods on
the cyanide contents of cassava ( Manihot esculenta
Crantz ) and its traditional food products
Case study-5
Scientific African
Objectives-
1.The study were to quantify cyanide contents in the
roots of the main cassava varieties.
2. Evaluate the effect of some traditional cassava
processing methods on their initial contents.
Dept Vsc
Ndam et al., 2019
58
5/2/2023
Institute of Agricultural Research for Development
(IRAD) Cameroon

59. Materials and methods
Experimental material : Twenty cassava cultivars (12 months
old)
Parenchyma and cortex was prepared by washing, peeling and
ground into fine powder for cyanide quantification, cortex was sun
dried for 5 days.
59
Dept Vsc
5/2/2023
Ndam et al., 2019

60. 5/2/2023 Dept Vsc
60
Table.14. Morphological description of studied cassava cultivars
Cassava cultivars Codes Stems Petioles Skin roots
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61. Fig .6. Total cyanide contents in the cortex of 20 cassava cultivars.
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Fig.7. Means cyanide contents of local and improved cassava cultivars
parenchyma and some traditional foods.
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 Processing of cassava into different- ferment traditional foods
contributed to reduce cyanide content (Chips47%, Gari 80% and
Fufu 91%).
Improved varieties 92/0326, 040, 95,109, 8034, 8017, 8061
can be recommended to farmers due to their high production
yield and less cyanide content.
Inference
Ndam et al., 2019

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Indigenous Traditional Knowledge on tuber crops in India
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65.  Research on tropical tuber crops is the primary mandate of ICAR-CTCRI.
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Development of varieties
Value addition
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Major working on

66. VALUE ADDITION
Pasta from Cassava and sweet potato
 Having high dietary fiber content were developed from cassava and sweet
potato.
 Good textural quality and low starch digestibility which make them ideal as
food for diabetic people.
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67. Taro Noodles
Taro Cookie
Sweet Potato Sauce
Cassava Fried chips
Cassava pappads
Cassava sago
Sweet potato Noodles
Sweet potato Jam
Sweet potato pickle
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69. Industrial products from Tuber Crops
Sweet potato wine
Sweet potato Alcohol
Cassava starch
Cold water soluble
starch
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VARIETIES FEATURES IMAGES
Skin colour-Pink
Flesh colour-Orange
β-carotene: 5.5-6.4mg/100g
Dry matter-23.2-24.8%
Skin colour-Yellow
Flesh colour-Dark Orange
β-carotene: 11.5-12.5mg/100g
Dry matter-27-28%
Skin colour-Red
Flesh colour-Orange
β-carotene: 4.5-5.5mg/100g
Dry matter-22-27%
Skin colour-Reddish yellow
Flesh colour-Orange
β-carotene: 8.8-10mg/100g
Bioforfied tuber crops varieties from ICAR-CTCRI
Bhu Ja
Bhu Sona
Gouri
Sree Kanaka
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VARIETIES FEATURES IMAGES
Skin colour-Purple
Flesh colour-Yellow
β-carotene: 3.2-3.5 mg/100g
Dry matter-30-32%
Skin colour-Yellow
Flesh colour-Dark orange
β-carotene: 11.5-12.5mg/100g
Dry matter-27-28%
Skin colour-Dark purple
Flesh colour-Dark purple
Anthocyanin: 90 mg/100g
Dry matter-26-28%
Skin colour- Dark brown
Flesh colour-Light purple
Anthocyanin -7.73mg/100g
Sree Rethna
Bhu Kanti
Bhu Krishna
Sree Neelima
Bioforfied tuber crops varieties from ICAR-CTCRI
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Major Tuber crops research centers in India
.CTCRI REGIONAL CENTER,BHUBANESWAR,ORISSA
CTCRI,TRIRUVANANTHAPURAM,KERALA
19 AICRP Centers .
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73. Extension activities
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Future Thrust
1.Utilization of Biodiversity
2.Breeding New Genotypes
3.Research gaps and Programmes have been identified for strengthening
Tuber and Root Crops Research in India
 Varietal Development and Improvement
 Identification of varieties (Bioforified).
 Utilization and scope for rural employment
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CONCLUSION

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