ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

1. PETRONAS TOWERS, KUALA LUMPUR

2. Petronas
tower, Kuala
Lumpur
Architect :Cesar Pelli
Year(s) of design
:1991
Year(s) of
construction :1998
Height :427 m
Floors :88
Location :Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Coordinates :3° 9' 29"
N, 101° 42' 43" E
INTRODUCTION
 In 1991, local authorities in Kuala Lumpur, decided to
give the city a business district with the park of 20ha,
office buildings, shopping and apartments, a mosque
and other constructions,
 It was the image of a modern city and of course would
show the world the strength of the, at that time,
emerging Malaysian economy.
 The star building business center that would be a
unique and distinctive twin towers for the city.
Construction Development
 January 1992, start planning
 March 1993, beginning foundation
 April 1994, super structure construction
 January 1996, refurbishment of the interior
 March 1996, ramming the domes of the towers 1 and 2
 January 1997, transfer of the first group of staff
 August 31, 1999, by YAB Data official opening Seri Dr.
Mahathir Mohamad, the fourth Prime Minister of
Malaysia.

3. LOCATION
 The land where the towers were building is located in
the heart of the commercial and financial district
of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 The first phase of Kuala Lumpur City Centre
occupies six acres in the northeast sector of the
property.

4. CONCEPT
 The towers evoke traditional motifs of Islamic art,
honoring the Malaysian Muslim heritage, combined with
innovative technology.
 Represent a change in the style of skyscrapers built in
Kuala Lumpur, closer to traditional international style.
 Pelli used an Islamic geometric design in its plant, by
interlacing two squares of gradually decreasing size at
the top, which is based on a traditional motif in Islamic
culture, a star of 12 peaks including a circle at each
intersection.
 At the suggestion of Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr
Mahathir Mohamad and Islamic symbolism, was
changed to a plant with eight-pointed star.

5. CONCEPTUAL PLAN

6. SPACES
 Each tower has an area of 218.000m2 distributed in 88
floors and 427 meters high.
 The strong horizontal lines of the cornices and brise-
soleis remark outside each of its plants.
Base
 At its base the two skyscrapers are connected by a 6 floor
building, as well as shops and spaces for leisure, houses
the theater Dewan Filharmonik Orchestra, an art gallery,
a library on energy and research center scientific.
 This component adds a visual note of union between the
two towers, like the gateway level 41-42.
 The top podium and hallways articulate the two towers.

7.  Inside, the project focuses on local materials and patterns.
 The walls of the halls are finished in wood from Malaysia with
bright colors, sometimes in combination with a grid of steel and
marble floor pattern derived from a pattern of woven pandan.
 A continuous wooden screen shades the lobby.
 In areas with shops, galleries and pavilions at street evokes "the way
five feet" characteristic in traditional stores in Malaysia.
Footbridge
 The towers are connected by an air bridge double height between
floors 41 and 42, which form a portal.
 The "skybridge" is an alternative means of escape in case of fire in
one of the buildings and the connection between the Congress
Centre occupies two floors and two towers, and share elevator
lobbies and a prayer room.

8.  Inside the towers are composed of offices, among
which are those of the oil company Petronas and
Malaysia-based company Microsoft.
 These areas have abundant natural light and
panoramic views of the city.
 At level 86 a platform that offers a 360 degree view
of the environs started.
 The free space left between the towers in the words
of architect responds to the need for air to circulate
between buildings to avoid creating a microclimate.

9. Pinnacles
 These structures house the indicator lights for
aircraft and external maintenance teams. Each
pinnacle has a spire of 23 segments, and composed
of 14 rings of different diameters sphere.
Parking
 The towers have 5 underground levels of parking for
5,400 vehicles

11. Technical sheet
 Lifts: 88
 Each tower height: 452m on the street level
 Skybridge Lenght : 58.4m
 Skybridge Height: 170m on street level
 Height each pinnacle: 73.5m
 Lifts: 29 double platform high speed in each tower.
 Escalators: 10 in each tower
 Stairs: 1765
 Parking spaces 5,400

12. STRUCTURE
 The central structure is based on a square core, 23x23m
basically concrete attached to a peripheral ring 16 also of
concrete columns.
 The composite floor system are conventional structural steel
beams of rolled steel 457mm cant, spaced approximately 2.8m
at the center.
 The towers rest on a concrete slab shared, which in turn is
placed on a "forest" underground concrete and steel pillars.
 In the development in height, the two towers are shaking and
staggering to be topped by a conical pinnacle, 73.5 m high.
 Each tower will retracting in his ascent to maintain the
vertical axis and follow its design.
 The walls of the upper floors are also inclined inward to taper
and converge at the pinnacle.

13.  The central structure is based on a square core, 23x23m
basically concrete attached to a peripheral ring 16 also of
concrete columns.
 The composite floor system are conventional structural steel
beams of rolled steel 457mm cant, spaced approximately 2.8m
at the center.
 The towers rest on a concrete slab shared, which in turn is
placed on a "forest" underground concrete and steel pillars.
 In the development in height, the two towers are shaking and
staggering to be topped by a conical pinnacle, 73.5 m high.
 Each tower will retracting in his ascent to maintain the
vertical axis and follow its design.
 The walls of the upper floors are also inclined inward to taper
and converge at the pinnacle.

15. Outward structure
 Each tower structure outwardly from a perimeter ring 16 mega reinforced
concrete cylindrical columns, each of which occupies a corner of the star,
creating a base with a diameter of 46m.
 A very tough for the pillars did not have too thick and allow a more slender
towers concrete was used, the complexity of the perimeter became
necessary to resort to a secondary frame.
 Columns with a diameter of 2.4 meters, tapers upwards and are finally
joined to one another by arched beams reinforced concrete also.
 Between each column there is a separation between 8 and 10 meters which
is filled with a mega-frame reinforced concrete and steel.
 Influences the slender towers display only the facades a small part of the
columns, with the 16 perimeter columns and the structural core who bear
the lateral loads.
 The concrete structure of the towers was built at the same time and with
different companies, a Korean and a Japanese, to thereby create
competitiveness, but were completed at a time.

17. Bridge
 The bridge connecting the two towers is supported by a
consistent arc three hinges on a giant bearing shaped central
ring at the base.
 Its structural design, with 58.4m in length and approximately
48m span, was the difficulty of having to accommodate any
difference in movements and settlements between each tower.
 This difficulty was solved by attaching the bridge to each
tower with two articulated supports, inclined and arranged in
an inverted V shape that rest on the 29th floor and allow the
bridge equidistant keep the two towers in any case, since they
can oscillate independently without transmitting forces.
 These supports are fixed to a box girder Conveniently situated
in the center of the bridge.

18. MATERIALS
 The towers are "smart" structures built with a system that
coordinates perfectly telecommunications, environmental control,
power supply, lighting, fire and smoke control and building safety.
 With 88 floors of reinforced concrete and steel facade, glass and
aluminum, have a total of 32,000 windows.
 The soils have steel frame resting on reinforced concrete plates.
 The main entrance lobbies and public use are decorated with
moldings and mirrored glass panels.
 The designs and patterns entrance halls reflect traditional
craftsmanship with numerous "songket" (tapestry) traditional in
decor.
 In addition, the wall panels and screens are also inspired by wood
carvings on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia.
 The floor designs are based on traditional weaving intricate
patterns.

19. Facade
 The external enclosure is made of stainless steel, aluminum and glass.
 A system of deep umbrellas modulates the vertical forms and produces a
proper three-dimensional facade to the tropics.
 The city of Kuala Lumpur is located only 2 degrees of Ecuador.
 The aluminum cornices protruding at the top of the windows act as shields
for horizontal floors accentuate the effect "pagoda" of buildings, mostly at
night, when illuminated from below.
 The facade formed of panels has special assemblies that allow for
modulation caused by wind and then return to its original position.
 The towers feature walls multifaceted stainless steel panels 33,000 and
55,000 glass panels.
 Glass panels meet special features that allow viewing of both properties
have noise reduction filtering of light and provide a comfortable indoor
environment.
 The glass is covered with stainless steel viewers to further protect visitors
from the tropical sun.

20. Bridge
 The two floor bridge connecting the two towers was built
with 500 pieces made in South Korea, assembled on site
and then positioned and locked in place.
Lighting
 The night lighting facades are designed to emphasize the
effect pagoda and the height of the towers.
 These lighting levels are becoming increasingly narrow
time as the building gets higher up off a kind of beacon
located at the base of each pinnacle.
 Powerful luminaries are located at street level, the
coronation were placed at the base of each auction.

22. Lifts
 The vertical communication of each tower are guaranteed for 29
double-decker elevators and high-speed passenger six service lifts
heavy trucks and four executive lifts.
 Its operation is based on a zoning agreement: two groups of 6 double-
deck elevators serve between levels 1-23 and 1-37, while another set of
five double-decker elevators take passengers directly to the Sky Lobby.
 Here, passengers take another elevator to the upper areas. Executives
lifts are the largest tour of any office building in Malaysia.
 Lead to each floor from the basement car park to the top of the towers
in 90 seconds.
 Each passenger can carry between 26-52 people in total, while the
executive lifts can carry an average of 10.
 His speed is between 3.5 m / s and 6.0 m / s, depending on the area
they are serving.

23. TECHNICAL SHEET
 Foundations Balsa type with a thickness of 4.5m made with 13,200
m3 reinforced concrete weighing approximately 32,550t under each
tower at about 19m below ground level.
 The raft is supported on stilts 104 Barette ranging from 60 to 115 m
in length under the box.
 Due to the great depth of these piles, it was necessary to move the
project about 60m to reach bedrock.
 Total Built area: 395.000m2
 Total - steel lining: 83.500m2
 Panels Glass: 77.000m2
 Reinforced concrete: 160,000 m3
 Steel: 36,910tn
 Weight of each tower: 300.000tn
 Usabel area: 213,750m2 per tower

24. FLOOR PLAN

25. FOUNDATION SCHEME

27. THANK YOU