Architect: César Pelli
#Structure
#Architecture_Building
The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers, are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 until they were surpassed by Taipei 101.
This document provides information about the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It describes the architectural details of the towers, including their height of 452 meters with 88 floors, floor areas, and sky lobby. It discusses the planning and design of the towers, which were inspired by Islamic geometric patterns. Key features mentioned include the skybridge connecting the two towers at levels 41-42, and the deep foundations comprising raft foundations and barrette piles due to the soft soil.
The PETRONAS Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by Cesar Pelli and used innovative construction methods. Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) were implemented, which involved prefabricating building components off-site and assembling them on-site. This allowed for higher quality, reduced costs and construction time, as components could be fabricated in a controlled factory environment and easily installed. IBS was key to the efficient construction of the Towers and their distinctive skybridge.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Each tower is 452 meters tall and has 88 floors. They were designed by architect Cesar Pelli with a geometric Islamic design consisting of two squares that decrease in size as they intersect. The towers required deep foundations of over 100 piles due to being built partially over limestone and soft rock. They use innovative construction techniques such as GPS and were built with over 160,000 cubic meters of concrete each.
Petronas tower - Malaysia (Theory of Structures)RADHIKASARDA8
Constructional facts about twin towers of Malaysia including , construction , design , materials , engineering , theory of structures , architecture , civil , skyscraper engineering.
The document provides details about the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It describes the towers as having been designed by Cesar Pelli and Associates, and completed in 1997 at a height of 451.9 meters. Each tower contains 88 floors and occupies an area of 395,000 square meters. Type 316 stainless steel was used to clad the exterior of the towers.
Architect: César Pelli
#Structure
#Architecture_Building
The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers, are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 until they were surpassed by Taipei 101.
This document provides information about the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It describes the architectural details of the towers, including their height of 452 meters with 88 floors, floor areas, and sky lobby. It discusses the planning and design of the towers, which were inspired by Islamic geometric patterns. Key features mentioned include the skybridge connecting the two towers at levels 41-42, and the deep foundations comprising raft foundations and barrette piles due to the soft soil.
The PETRONAS Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by Cesar Pelli and used innovative construction methods. Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) were implemented, which involved prefabricating building components off-site and assembling them on-site. This allowed for higher quality, reduced costs and construction time, as components could be fabricated in a controlled factory environment and easily installed. IBS was key to the efficient construction of the Towers and their distinctive skybridge.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Each tower is 452 meters tall and has 88 floors. They were designed by architect Cesar Pelli with a geometric Islamic design consisting of two squares that decrease in size as they intersect. The towers required deep foundations of over 100 piles due to being built partially over limestone and soft rock. They use innovative construction techniques such as GPS and were built with over 160,000 cubic meters of concrete each.
Petronas tower - Malaysia (Theory of Structures)RADHIKASARDA8
Constructional facts about twin towers of Malaysia including , construction , design , materials , engineering , theory of structures , architecture , civil , skyscraper engineering.
The document provides details about the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It describes the towers as having been designed by Cesar Pelli and Associates, and completed in 1997 at a height of 451.9 meters. Each tower contains 88 floors and occupies an area of 395,000 square meters. Type 316 stainless steel was used to clad the exterior of the towers.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Some key facts:
- They are twin skyscrapers designed by architect Cesar Pelli, completed in 1996 at a cost of $1.6 billion.
- Each tower is 88 stories and 1,483 feet tall, with a sky bridge connecting the towers at floors 41 and 42.
- An Islamic geometric design was used with two squares of decreasing size at the top of each tower.
- The towers held the title of the tallest buildings and tallest twin towers in the world until 2004.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest man-made structure ever built at 828 meters tall. It took 6 years to construct using new technologies like excavating 50 meters down to reach bedrock and using a polymer slurry to stabilize boreholes. Over 30,000 tons of steel and 250,000 cubic meters of concrete were used to construct the reinforced concrete structure. A triangular shape and buttressed core structural system were implemented to help withstand high winds. Advanced glass cladding and evacuation systems with refuge floors make the building environmentally friendly and safe.
(1) The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by César Pelli and Associates and took 6 years to construct at a cost of US$1.6 billion. (2) The towers' structures are composed of reinforced concrete with a central core and perimeter columns connected by ring beams. High-strength concrete was used for the cores and columns to reduce wind response. (3) Industrialized building systems such as prefabricated steel beams, the preassembled skybridge, and prefabricated pinnacles helped speed construction and ensure quality despite the ambitious schedule.
The two Emirates Towers in Dubai are located in the financial district and are among the tallest buildings in the world. Tower 1 is 354.6 meters tall and Tower 2 is 309 meters tall. They were completed between 1996-2000 and were the tallest buildings in Dubai until the construction of Burj Khalifa. The towers contain offices, luxury hotel rooms, restaurants, and shopping and are connected at the base. Their distinctive silver and glass exteriors have become symbols of modern Dubai.
Design, Structure, Construction and Analysis of Burj Al Arab, DubaiAr. Md Shahroz Alam
The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai is shaped like a sailboat to resemble shipping history. Built on an artificial island, it was the tallest hotel in the world at completion in 1999. The architecture firm designed the hotel to have an exoskeleton frame with bracing and a central spine to transfer lateral loads and resist forces. An atrium is enclosed by a teflon-coated fiberglass membrane on arched trusses.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They have a steel and concrete structure and were designed by architect Cesar Pelli. Each tower is 88 stories and 452 meters tall. They used a combination of cast-in-place concrete, structural steel, and glass, with a central reinforced concrete core and outrigger trusses to support the weight and resist strong winds. The Petronas Towers remain an iconic landmark and prominent example of modern skyscraper design and engineering.
The document provides details about the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, including:
- The towers were designed by Cesar Pelly and inspired by Tun Dr. Mahathir to have Islamic elements and make Malaysia well known.
- Tower 1 was constructed by Majors Joint Venture and Tower 2 by Samsung Engineering & Construction over 25 and 24 months respectively.
- The structural frame uses high-strength concrete columns, a core, and ring beams. It discusses the core, columns, foundations, pinnacles, and skybridge components.
- Other buildings discussed include the Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque, Putrajaya International Convention
A brief background & development history on klccSyahDa_96
The KLCC development and Petronas Twin Towers were built between 1993 and 1999, with the towers inaugurated in 1999. The towers were envisioned by Malaysia's fourth prime minister Mahathir Mohamad to be the tallest in the world. Their construction involved overcoming challenges like developing high strength concrete and fast elevator systems. After six years of construction, the Petronas Twin Towers surpassed the tallest buildings in Chicago and New York upon completion.
Stadium Negara is the first indoor stadium built in Malaysia, located in Kuala Lumpur. It was designed by the Public Works Department and constructed between 1960-1962 at a cost of RM34 million. The original roof structure spanned 300 feet without columns, but it was replaced in the 1980s with a domed roof. Stadium Negara was designed to host large events through its 10,200 seat capacity and fully air-conditioned interior. The building utilizes modern architectural styles of the time including brutalism and the international style.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were designed by architect Cesar Pelli and built between 1993-1999. The twin towers reach heights of 427 meters and have 88 floors. They are connected by a skybridge on the 41st and 42nd floors. The towers feature a steel and concrete structure with an innovative facade design incorporating geometric Islamic patterns and over 33,000 glass panels. They became both an iconic symbol of Malaysia's economic strength and modern architectural achievements.
The Cayan Tower in Dubai is the tallest twisting skyscraper in the world at 1,010 feet tall. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill to twist 90 degrees from base to top, maximizing residents' views. The tower's twisting design provided structural challenges that were solved through regular floor plans and vertical columns that "step" horizontally with each level to support the twisting structure. This innovative twisting design created an iconic sculptural landmark visible across Dubai.
This document provides details about the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It discusses the location of the hotel on an artificial island offshore from Dubai. It then describes the hotel as the world's tallest at 321 meters and shaped like a sail. The document outlines various construction details such as using over 12,000 tons of structural steel, taking 5 years to build, and 3 years just to construct the supporting artificial island. It also provides interesting facts about the hotel's design and the challenges of building such a tall structure out at sea.
Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on an artificial island in Dubai. It is 321 meters tall and has 202 rooms. The hotel took over 6 years to construct at a cost of $650 million. Some key facts about its design and engineering include:
- It is supported by 230 concrete piles that are 40 meters long driven into the sandy soil below.
- The exterior is clad in glass and aluminum and is designed to resemble the sail of a dhow ship.
- The large atrium is spanned by trusses and enclosed by a lightweight fabric sail that is 161,000 square feet in area.
- Structurally, it relies on steel trusses and cross-bracing
Hcm721 fms railway station in ipoh&kl awatif 300615Umairah Alias
BRITISH-INDIA INFLUENCE TO FMS RAILWAY STATIONS (KTM) IN THE CASE OF KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH
Geological environment and historical background of Malaya displayed an important role in the development of train system in Malaysia. The early local settlements of Malaya have mostly settled in the lowland and coastal area, with water transportation as a means of transportation for communication and trades. Malay kingdoms were cited and the capital was at a point near river mouths. However, later in the 19th century, rivalry takes part between the European powers for control of the tin deposits in Malaya. Tin became a significant raw material contributing to the industrial revolution. Large tin deposits were discovered in Sungei Ujong,Negeri Sembilan, in the valleys of Klang River and at Larut, Perak. In 1874, British came in to control the unrest in the tin-producing areas and later, residential system was established in Perak, Selangor and Sungei Ujong.
There was demand to connect the mines to the ports where first section of the Malayan Railway was opened between Taiping,Perak and Port Weld,Klang. During this era, the railway stations was made of wood and nipah palm. However, later, more townships in the state of Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor developed along the roads. The town includes Taiping, Ipoh, Seremban and Kuala Lumpur. This resulted development in architectural design as well to the railway stations. In 1910, becoming the main railway station for the state of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur railway station has been relocated and was built as the first concrete station in town. Ipoh in the other hand serves as the main railway terminal for the state of Perak and was the second concrete station in 1920. Both buildings was designed by Arthur Benison Hubback whom was a British architectural assistant to the Director of Public Works of that time.
Therefour, this study will further evaluate the relationship of the Ipoh railway station in comparison to the Kuala Lumpur railway station architectural style from the influence of global industrial revolution era, as well as local political and historical influence.
The document provides information about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-storey office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd in a neo-Islamic architectural style. The tower is located along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin near Merdeka Square. It was one of the earliest skyscrapers built in Malaysia when it was completed in 1984. The document includes sections on the architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction and elements.
The document discusses the design and construction of the London Aquatics Centre. It describes Zaha Hadid's concept of designing the wavy roof to mimic the fluid movement of water. It details how the complex roof structure, daylighting, and construction process supported this concept. The document outlines the structural design and construction process, which involved building temporary spectator seating that was later deconstructed, leaving the building in its current "legacy mode."
This document discusses the construction of the Kompleks Kerja Raya 2 (KKR2) building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. KKR2 is a 37-level office tower that uses an intelligent building system. The building features a distinctive "diamond" curved facade design with over 6,000 uniquely shaped glass panels and 1,600 vertical fins. It utilizes a reinforced concrete skeleton frame structure with a central core and bored pile foundations. Sustainable design elements include a rooftop garden and louvered canopy for shading.
[ARC2513] Building construction2 project 2Baddy Peigun
The document is a project report on the Gare de Lyon-Saint Exupery railway station designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. It provides details on the architect, the conceptual design which drew inspiration from the human eye and body, and includes orthographic drawings of the site plan, elevations and sections. The report also analyzes the structural design through diagrams of loads including gravity, shear, moment and axial loads. It describes the materials used such as tempered glass, structural steel and reinforced concrete.
Taipei 101 is a 101-story landmark skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. At 508 meters tall, it held the title of world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010. Some key features include its bamboo-inspired architectural design, use of a tuned mass damper to withstand strong winds, double-paned energy efficient glass curtain walls, and indoor and outdoor observatories. It was awarded LEED platinum certification, making it the world's largest and highest certified green building. Construction faced challenges like Taiwan's weak soil conditions and typhoon winds, which the braced core and outrigger truss structural system helped overcome.
Ipoh Railway Station is located in Perak, Malaysia and was designed in the Gothic and Moorish architectural styles. It was initially intended to be a hospital but was converted into a railway station and opened in 1935. The station serves as the main railway terminal for the state of Perak, offering KTM Intercity and ETS services as well as handling cargo trains. It was built to accommodate the growing transportation needs of the tin mining industry and replaced an original wooden station structure from 1897.
The document lists the group members involved in a project to construct Malaysia's iconic Petronas Twin Towers. It then provides details about the towers, including their design, construction costs, features, and role as a symbol of Malaysia's economic progress. The towers contain office spaces, retail areas, and the headquarters of Petronas, and attractions include the Skybridge and Observation Deck.
The document outlines a plan for constructing the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The plan details the project objectives, deliverables, stages, resources, timeline, milestones, monitoring and control processes, and stakeholder communication strategy. The construction project was planned to take 58 months to complete, from feasibility studies through the official opening. Rigorous testing and simulations were conducted to the design withstand wind and structural loads as the towers were planned to be the tallest in the world upon completion.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Some key facts:
- They are twin skyscrapers designed by architect Cesar Pelli, completed in 1996 at a cost of $1.6 billion.
- Each tower is 88 stories and 1,483 feet tall, with a sky bridge connecting the towers at floors 41 and 42.
- An Islamic geometric design was used with two squares of decreasing size at the top of each tower.
- The towers held the title of the tallest buildings and tallest twin towers in the world until 2004.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest man-made structure ever built at 828 meters tall. It took 6 years to construct using new technologies like excavating 50 meters down to reach bedrock and using a polymer slurry to stabilize boreholes. Over 30,000 tons of steel and 250,000 cubic meters of concrete were used to construct the reinforced concrete structure. A triangular shape and buttressed core structural system were implemented to help withstand high winds. Advanced glass cladding and evacuation systems with refuge floors make the building environmentally friendly and safe.
(1) The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by César Pelli and Associates and took 6 years to construct at a cost of US$1.6 billion. (2) The towers' structures are composed of reinforced concrete with a central core and perimeter columns connected by ring beams. High-strength concrete was used for the cores and columns to reduce wind response. (3) Industrialized building systems such as prefabricated steel beams, the preassembled skybridge, and prefabricated pinnacles helped speed construction and ensure quality despite the ambitious schedule.
The two Emirates Towers in Dubai are located in the financial district and are among the tallest buildings in the world. Tower 1 is 354.6 meters tall and Tower 2 is 309 meters tall. They were completed between 1996-2000 and were the tallest buildings in Dubai until the construction of Burj Khalifa. The towers contain offices, luxury hotel rooms, restaurants, and shopping and are connected at the base. Their distinctive silver and glass exteriors have become symbols of modern Dubai.
Design, Structure, Construction and Analysis of Burj Al Arab, DubaiAr. Md Shahroz Alam
The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai is shaped like a sailboat to resemble shipping history. Built on an artificial island, it was the tallest hotel in the world at completion in 1999. The architecture firm designed the hotel to have an exoskeleton frame with bracing and a central spine to transfer lateral loads and resist forces. An atrium is enclosed by a teflon-coated fiberglass membrane on arched trusses.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They have a steel and concrete structure and were designed by architect Cesar Pelli. Each tower is 88 stories and 452 meters tall. They used a combination of cast-in-place concrete, structural steel, and glass, with a central reinforced concrete core and outrigger trusses to support the weight and resist strong winds. The Petronas Towers remain an iconic landmark and prominent example of modern skyscraper design and engineering.
The document provides details about the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, including:
- The towers were designed by Cesar Pelly and inspired by Tun Dr. Mahathir to have Islamic elements and make Malaysia well known.
- Tower 1 was constructed by Majors Joint Venture and Tower 2 by Samsung Engineering & Construction over 25 and 24 months respectively.
- The structural frame uses high-strength concrete columns, a core, and ring beams. It discusses the core, columns, foundations, pinnacles, and skybridge components.
- Other buildings discussed include the Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque, Putrajaya International Convention
A brief background & development history on klccSyahDa_96
The KLCC development and Petronas Twin Towers were built between 1993 and 1999, with the towers inaugurated in 1999. The towers were envisioned by Malaysia's fourth prime minister Mahathir Mohamad to be the tallest in the world. Their construction involved overcoming challenges like developing high strength concrete and fast elevator systems. After six years of construction, the Petronas Twin Towers surpassed the tallest buildings in Chicago and New York upon completion.
Stadium Negara is the first indoor stadium built in Malaysia, located in Kuala Lumpur. It was designed by the Public Works Department and constructed between 1960-1962 at a cost of RM34 million. The original roof structure spanned 300 feet without columns, but it was replaced in the 1980s with a domed roof. Stadium Negara was designed to host large events through its 10,200 seat capacity and fully air-conditioned interior. The building utilizes modern architectural styles of the time including brutalism and the international style.
The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were designed by architect Cesar Pelli and built between 1993-1999. The twin towers reach heights of 427 meters and have 88 floors. They are connected by a skybridge on the 41st and 42nd floors. The towers feature a steel and concrete structure with an innovative facade design incorporating geometric Islamic patterns and over 33,000 glass panels. They became both an iconic symbol of Malaysia's economic strength and modern architectural achievements.
The Cayan Tower in Dubai is the tallest twisting skyscraper in the world at 1,010 feet tall. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill to twist 90 degrees from base to top, maximizing residents' views. The tower's twisting design provided structural challenges that were solved through regular floor plans and vertical columns that "step" horizontally with each level to support the twisting structure. This innovative twisting design created an iconic sculptural landmark visible across Dubai.
This document provides details about the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It discusses the location of the hotel on an artificial island offshore from Dubai. It then describes the hotel as the world's tallest at 321 meters and shaped like a sail. The document outlines various construction details such as using over 12,000 tons of structural steel, taking 5 years to build, and 3 years just to construct the supporting artificial island. It also provides interesting facts about the hotel's design and the challenges of building such a tall structure out at sea.
Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on an artificial island in Dubai. It is 321 meters tall and has 202 rooms. The hotel took over 6 years to construct at a cost of $650 million. Some key facts about its design and engineering include:
- It is supported by 230 concrete piles that are 40 meters long driven into the sandy soil below.
- The exterior is clad in glass and aluminum and is designed to resemble the sail of a dhow ship.
- The large atrium is spanned by trusses and enclosed by a lightweight fabric sail that is 161,000 square feet in area.
- Structurally, it relies on steel trusses and cross-bracing
Hcm721 fms railway station in ipoh&kl awatif 300615Umairah Alias
BRITISH-INDIA INFLUENCE TO FMS RAILWAY STATIONS (KTM) IN THE CASE OF KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH
Geological environment and historical background of Malaya displayed an important role in the development of train system in Malaysia. The early local settlements of Malaya have mostly settled in the lowland and coastal area, with water transportation as a means of transportation for communication and trades. Malay kingdoms were cited and the capital was at a point near river mouths. However, later in the 19th century, rivalry takes part between the European powers for control of the tin deposits in Malaya. Tin became a significant raw material contributing to the industrial revolution. Large tin deposits were discovered in Sungei Ujong,Negeri Sembilan, in the valleys of Klang River and at Larut, Perak. In 1874, British came in to control the unrest in the tin-producing areas and later, residential system was established in Perak, Selangor and Sungei Ujong.
There was demand to connect the mines to the ports where first section of the Malayan Railway was opened between Taiping,Perak and Port Weld,Klang. During this era, the railway stations was made of wood and nipah palm. However, later, more townships in the state of Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor developed along the roads. The town includes Taiping, Ipoh, Seremban and Kuala Lumpur. This resulted development in architectural design as well to the railway stations. In 1910, becoming the main railway station for the state of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur railway station has been relocated and was built as the first concrete station in town. Ipoh in the other hand serves as the main railway terminal for the state of Perak and was the second concrete station in 1920. Both buildings was designed by Arthur Benison Hubback whom was a British architectural assistant to the Director of Public Works of that time.
Therefour, this study will further evaluate the relationship of the Ipoh railway station in comparison to the Kuala Lumpur railway station architectural style from the influence of global industrial revolution era, as well as local political and historical influence.
The document provides information about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-storey office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd in a neo-Islamic architectural style. The tower is located along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin near Merdeka Square. It was one of the earliest skyscrapers built in Malaysia when it was completed in 1984. The document includes sections on the architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction and elements.
The document discusses the design and construction of the London Aquatics Centre. It describes Zaha Hadid's concept of designing the wavy roof to mimic the fluid movement of water. It details how the complex roof structure, daylighting, and construction process supported this concept. The document outlines the structural design and construction process, which involved building temporary spectator seating that was later deconstructed, leaving the building in its current "legacy mode."
This document discusses the construction of the Kompleks Kerja Raya 2 (KKR2) building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. KKR2 is a 37-level office tower that uses an intelligent building system. The building features a distinctive "diamond" curved facade design with over 6,000 uniquely shaped glass panels and 1,600 vertical fins. It utilizes a reinforced concrete skeleton frame structure with a central core and bored pile foundations. Sustainable design elements include a rooftop garden and louvered canopy for shading.
[ARC2513] Building construction2 project 2Baddy Peigun
The document is a project report on the Gare de Lyon-Saint Exupery railway station designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. It provides details on the architect, the conceptual design which drew inspiration from the human eye and body, and includes orthographic drawings of the site plan, elevations and sections. The report also analyzes the structural design through diagrams of loads including gravity, shear, moment and axial loads. It describes the materials used such as tempered glass, structural steel and reinforced concrete.
Taipei 101 is a 101-story landmark skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. At 508 meters tall, it held the title of world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010. Some key features include its bamboo-inspired architectural design, use of a tuned mass damper to withstand strong winds, double-paned energy efficient glass curtain walls, and indoor and outdoor observatories. It was awarded LEED platinum certification, making it the world's largest and highest certified green building. Construction faced challenges like Taiwan's weak soil conditions and typhoon winds, which the braced core and outrigger truss structural system helped overcome.
Ipoh Railway Station is located in Perak, Malaysia and was designed in the Gothic and Moorish architectural styles. It was initially intended to be a hospital but was converted into a railway station and opened in 1935. The station serves as the main railway terminal for the state of Perak, offering KTM Intercity and ETS services as well as handling cargo trains. It was built to accommodate the growing transportation needs of the tin mining industry and replaced an original wooden station structure from 1897.
The document lists the group members involved in a project to construct Malaysia's iconic Petronas Twin Towers. It then provides details about the towers, including their design, construction costs, features, and role as a symbol of Malaysia's economic progress. The towers contain office spaces, retail areas, and the headquarters of Petronas, and attractions include the Skybridge and Observation Deck.
The document outlines a plan for constructing the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The plan details the project objectives, deliverables, stages, resources, timeline, milestones, monitoring and control processes, and stakeholder communication strategy. The construction project was planned to take 58 months to complete, from feasibility studies through the official opening. Rigorous testing and simulations were conducted to the design withstand wind and structural loads as the towers were planned to be the tallest in the world upon completion.
The Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia is planned to be the world's tallest building at over 1,000 meters tall. It will feature unique designs such as a sky terrace at the 157th floor and an evolving canopy design. The tower's Y-shaped design and reinforced concrete core structural system allow it to withstand high winds and seismic activity. Over 80,000 tons of steel and advanced concrete mixes will be used in its construction, which began in 2013 and is estimated to finish in 2020.
The Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia is planned to be the world's tallest building at over 1,000 meters tall. Construction began in 2013 and is expected to be completed in 2020. Unique features include a sky terrace at level 157, canopies that extend from the main lobbies, and high-speed elevators that will travel at 10 meters per second. The tapered Y-shaped design and buttressed core structural system allow the tower to withstand high winds and seismic activity.
The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Each tower is 88 stories and 451.9 meters tall. They are connected by a skybridge on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest two-story bridge in the world. The towers were designed with influences from Islamic architecture and cost over $1.6 billion to construct over six years. Special features include high-strength concrete, 29 high-speed elevators, and a tapered spire atop each tower.
The Shanghai Tower project involved the construction of the second tallest building in the world at 632 meters tall. Some key aspects summarized:
- The 127-story tower incorporates sustainable design and achieved LEED Gold certification. It utilizes various green technologies to reduce its environmental impact.
- Construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2015, with the observation deck opening to visitors in 2016.
- The unique twisting form and double-skin facade allow for maximum daylighting while maintaining energy efficiency. The tower's design captures Shanghai's dynamic growth.
The document discusses the Marina Bay Sands project in Singapore. It was a complex integrated resort development completed in 2010 with over 2,500 hotel rooms, a large convention center, shopping mall, museum, theaters, and casino. Some of the major challenges included building on reclaimed land requiring deep foundations, constructing the inclined towers which involved complex temporary works, and building the cantilevered SkyPark that bridges the towers and had to accommodate tower movements. The project ultimately went 58% over its initial budget estimate due to rising construction costs and labor shortages.
The document outlines the design and construction of the Marina Barrage in Singapore. It was built across the Marina Channel to create a reservoir and address flooding issues. Some key points:
- It serves as a water supply source, provides flood control, and is a lifestyle attraction.
- Nine crest gates were installed to block seawater. Over 850 piles support the barrage structure.
- Environmental features include a green roof, solar panels, and sustainable materials and technologies.
- The interior design maximizes natural light, ventilation and reuse of materials to reduce energy usage.
The Sky Tower is located in Auckland, New Zealand and was completed in August 1997. It is 328 meters tall, making it the tallest structure in the country. The Sky Tower was constructed using high performance concrete and steel and can withstand winds up to 125 mph and earthquakes up to 40 kilometers. It cost $76 million NZ dollars to build and took 2 years and 9 months to construct.
The document discusses the Kingdom Tower skyscraper under construction in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Some key points:
- It will be the tallest building in the world at over 1,000 meters tall and include a hotel, apartments, offices and residences.
- A tapered Y-shaped design was chosen to help reduce wind loads and maintain a reasonable height to width ratio.
- A reinforced buttress core structure without exterior columns was adopted to increase construction efficiency.
- Advanced materials like high-performance concrete and steel are being used to allow for tall, durable construction.
- Unique features include an observation deck at the top and movable canopies to shelter entrances.
This document provides a summary of Iain Cameron's professional experience spanning over 40 years working in various roles and sectors including project management, construction management, business development, highways, transportation, rail, water, structures and health and safety. It lists his employment history and details of projects he has worked on for each employer. It also shows the durations spent in each experience category totaling over 1000 months of experience.
The document summarizes information about the Burj Khalifa project in Dubai. It discusses the foundation and construction process of the tower, which holds several world records for height. Some of the major engineering challenges addressed during construction were managing the hot temperatures, high wind speeds, and ensuring the stability of the structure given the weak soil conditions. The goals of the project were to create a landmark building that would symbolize Dubai's ambitions and drive economic growth through increased property values. The tower ultimately achieved international attention and recognition when it was completed in 2010.
The document discusses the Empire State Building as an icon of the construction industry. It describes the building's innovative design and construction techniques that allowed it to be built quickly despite the constraints of the site. The building took only 14 months to construct, under budget and ahead of schedule, though labor conditions were poor. It stood as the world's tallest building for over 40 years and remains a globally recognized symbol of New York City.
The Kingdom Center Tower in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia showcases cutting-edge high-rise construction technologies. It utilized advanced techniques like a raft foundation, slipform construction, BIM modeling, high-strength materials, and wind engineering. Special care was taken to address wind loads through its tapered aerodynamic design and structural reinforcements. High-strength concrete incorporating silica fume and fly ash was pumped using advanced systems. High-strength steel was also used, making the tower an iconic landmark and example of innovative high-rise engineering.
The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan is the world's longest suspension bridge. It spans the Akashi Strait and connects Kobe to Awaji Island. When completed in 1998, it held the records for highest and longest suspension bridges at 280m tall and 1991m long. The bridge cost $4.3 billion to build and took over 10 years to construct using over 1 million cubic meters of concrete and 81,000 tons of steel. New techniques had to be developed to build the deep foundations in open sea conditions.
The document provides details about the Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue located in Gujarat, India. It discusses the following key points:
1) The 182-meter tall statue was constructed between 2015-2018 to honor Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, costing over $400 million.
2) Unique engineering challenges included its slender shape with a narrow base, high winds, and seismic activity. The design incorporated dampers and overlapping cladding.
3) Over 6,500 tonnes of structural steel and concrete were used, with rebar collected from Indian farmers. The statue consists of two reinforced concrete cores within a cladded outer structure.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2. The Petronas Towers
are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According
to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
(CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were
the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and
remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings
are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala
Lumpur Tower.
3.
4. Basic Information
• Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates
• Client: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Holdings
• The development of the Petronas Twin Towers begun in 1990,
and was completed in 1996
• 88 storey office towers, with a connecting sky bridge
• Tower one construction team: Led by Robert Pratt – T1
Pinnacle Team – Hazama Corp.
• Tower Two and skybridge construction team: Led by Jon
Dunsford – T2 Pinnacle Team – Samsung C&T and Kukdong
Engineers & Construction
5. Basic Information
• Estimated to build in 8 years, built in 6 years. Total cost: 1,6
billion $
• Estimated to cost $700,000 each day of construction (about
8 years- $2 billions) thus, came under budget
6. The driver for the project was to build the tallest building, this
was supported by the Malaysian Government, to boost their
standing within the world
Prime minister had a huge impact during the design stage of the
two structures
In 1990 planning begun, while in 1991 Cesar Pelli won the design
for the towers
The Twin Towers were assigned to two separate contractors, one
for each tower; Samsung C&T and Hazama Group. This was to
promote competition
7.
8. Scope
• Two 88 story towers with, a connecting bridge
• The sky bridge connecting the two structures was also
designed to act as a emergency escape in the case of
terroristic attacks and fires
• Pinnacles on top of the towers – design to represent islamic
culture
• The use of glass windows
• Strive for the tallest building and originality
9.
10.
11. Time
• The construction was estimated to take 8
years, however there was an eight month
delay
• It was completed in 6 years, two years under
what was predicted
• It was vital that the building was constructed
to the management plan, as it would cost
$700,000 per day after the deadline
12. Planning
• The Construction site was chosen: Kuala Lumpur Race Track
Cesar Pelli’s designs for the towers were rejected by the Prime
Minister, as they weren’t „Malaysian enough”, meaning that
they didn’t represent Islam sufficiently
• The Prime Minister begun to re-design the floor plan for the
building, changing it to two interlocking squares, creating a
shape of eight-pointed stars, which symbolize the islamic
principles of „unity within unity, harmony, stability, and
rationality”
• During the planning stage the cost estimation is determined. The
Malaysian budget only allowed for 6 years of construction
• Additionaly, the planning stage is the final „green light” for the
project to commence
13. Execution
• During the execution stage, the scope and
schedule are identified and determined
• The schedule allowed for 4 days of
construction per floor, it initially took 8 day,
they had to construct uninterrupted, 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week
• Construction began in early 1993
14.
15.
16. Execution
• A site establishment is conducted during this stage,
however, the engineers discovered that there had
never been a proper analysis of the site, the site came
to a standstill
• Geologist looked for bedrock, but found that the site
was on declayed limestone and on the edge of cliff
• The site was proposed to be moved 60 meters onto the
softer ground, were they could build their own bedrock
consisting of concrete
• The sky bridge connecting the two towers was design
for emergency purposes, such as a terrorist attack,
fires, and other emergencies
17. Constrains
• The not suitable bedrock (foundation)
• A lack of steel
• The concrete was not suitable, too soft
• They had to create a new form od concrete
that acted the same as steel; strong with a
degree of flexibility
• Flooring was time consuming
18.
19.
20. Issues during construction
• Issue One – The foundation slab
If the concrete dried unevenly, the slab would crack,
thus seriously weaken the ability to support the
building above. Therefore, they decided to pour the
concrete all at the once, scheduling concrete trucks to
arrive every 2,5 minutes for 52 hours, without a break
21. Issues during construction
• Issue Two – The weather
The Malaysian weather is susceptible to torrential
rain, this is also problematic to the slab, as the
concrete can get too wet, and become ruined. They
covered the entire slab with canvas, the equivalent to
56 circus tents
22.
23.
24. Closing
• During the final stage of construction the
pinnacles were constructed and placed on top
of the towers, completing the record for the
tallest tower
• Construction was completed in 1996,
therefore reaching the 6 year deadline, with
days to spare