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Petronas Twin Towers
Mateusz Gryglak
The Petronas Towers
are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According
to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
(CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were
the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and
remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings
are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala
Lumpur Tower.
Basic Information
• Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates
• Client: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Holdings
• The development of the Petronas Twin Towers begun in 1990,
and was completed in 1996
• 88 storey office towers, with a connecting sky bridge
• Tower one construction team: Led by Robert Pratt – T1
Pinnacle Team – Hazama Corp.
• Tower Two and skybridge construction team: Led by Jon
Dunsford – T2 Pinnacle Team – Samsung C&T and Kukdong
Engineers & Construction
Basic Information
• Estimated to build in 8 years, built in 6 years. Total cost: 1,6
billion $
• Estimated to cost $700,000 each day of construction (about
8 years- $2 billions) thus, came under budget
The driver for the project was to build the tallest building, this
was supported by the Malaysian Government, to boost their
standing within the world
Prime minister had a huge impact during the design stage of the
two structures
In 1990 planning begun, while in 1991 Cesar Pelli won the design
for the towers
The Twin Towers were assigned to two separate contractors, one
for each tower; Samsung C&T and Hazama Group. This was to
promote competition
Scope
• Two 88 story towers with, a connecting bridge
• The sky bridge connecting the two structures was also
designed to act as a emergency escape in the case of
terroristic attacks and fires
• Pinnacles on top of the towers – design to represent islamic
culture
• The use of glass windows
• Strive for the tallest building and originality
Time
• The construction was estimated to take 8
years, however there was an eight month
delay
• It was completed in 6 years, two years under
what was predicted
• It was vital that the building was constructed
to the management plan, as it would cost
$700,000 per day after the deadline
Planning
• The Construction site was chosen: Kuala Lumpur Race Track
Cesar Pelli’s designs for the towers were rejected by the Prime
Minister, as they weren’t „Malaysian enough”, meaning that
they didn’t represent Islam sufficiently
• The Prime Minister begun to re-design the floor plan for the
building, changing it to two interlocking squares, creating a
shape of eight-pointed stars, which symbolize the islamic
principles of „unity within unity, harmony, stability, and
rationality”
• During the planning stage the cost estimation is determined. The
Malaysian budget only allowed for 6 years of construction
• Additionaly, the planning stage is the final „green light” for the
project to commence
Execution
• During the execution stage, the scope and
schedule are identified and determined
• The schedule allowed for 4 days of
construction per floor, it initially took 8 day,
they had to construct uninterrupted, 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week
• Construction began in early 1993
Execution
• A site establishment is conducted during this stage,
however, the engineers discovered that there had
never been a proper analysis of the site, the site came
to a standstill
• Geologist looked for bedrock, but found that the site
was on declayed limestone and on the edge of cliff
• The site was proposed to be moved 60 meters onto the
softer ground, were they could build their own bedrock
consisting of concrete
• The sky bridge connecting the two towers was design
for emergency purposes, such as a terrorist attack,
fires, and other emergencies
Constrains
• The not suitable bedrock (foundation)
• A lack of steel
• The concrete was not suitable, too soft
• They had to create a new form od concrete
that acted the same as steel; strong with a
degree of flexibility
• Flooring was time consuming
Issues during construction
• Issue One – The foundation slab
If the concrete dried unevenly, the slab would crack,
thus seriously weaken the ability to support the
building above. Therefore, they decided to pour the
concrete all at the once, scheduling concrete trucks to
arrive every 2,5 minutes for 52 hours, without a break
Issues during construction
• Issue Two – The weather
The Malaysian weather is susceptible to torrential
rain, this is also problematic to the slab, as the
concrete can get too wet, and become ruined. They
covered the entire slab with canvas, the equivalent to
56 circus tents
Closing
• During the final stage of construction the
pinnacles were constructed and placed on top
of the towers, completing the record for the
tallest tower
• Construction was completed in 1996,
therefore reaching the 6 year deadline, with
days to spare
Sources: Pictures and informations
• http://www.worldfortravel.com/2013/01/14/
petronas-twin-towers-malaysia/
• http://www.kiat.net/towers/reality.html
• http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
ospMzvVIPl0/T6Jhqf7t1BI/AAAAAAAAAHE/3P
gggM0kqE4/s1600/A012-
00571_Heavy_reinforcement_in_concrete_col
umns_for_the_two_Petronas_towers_during_
construction_in_Kuala_Lum.jpg
Sources: Pictures and informations
• https://prezi.com/weeiw2lccw68/the-
petronas-twin-towers-project-lifecycle/#
• http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-
01/fireworks-explode-above-petronas-
towers/3754088
Thank you for your attention


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Petronas Twin Towers

  • 2. The Petronas Towers are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.
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  • 4. Basic Information • Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates • Client: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Holdings • The development of the Petronas Twin Towers begun in 1990, and was completed in 1996 • 88 storey office towers, with a connecting sky bridge • Tower one construction team: Led by Robert Pratt – T1 Pinnacle Team – Hazama Corp. • Tower Two and skybridge construction team: Led by Jon Dunsford – T2 Pinnacle Team – Samsung C&T and Kukdong Engineers & Construction
  • 5. Basic Information • Estimated to build in 8 years, built in 6 years. Total cost: 1,6 billion $ • Estimated to cost $700,000 each day of construction (about 8 years- $2 billions) thus, came under budget
  • 6. The driver for the project was to build the tallest building, this was supported by the Malaysian Government, to boost their standing within the world Prime minister had a huge impact during the design stage of the two structures In 1990 planning begun, while in 1991 Cesar Pelli won the design for the towers The Twin Towers were assigned to two separate contractors, one for each tower; Samsung C&T and Hazama Group. This was to promote competition
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  • 8. Scope • Two 88 story towers with, a connecting bridge • The sky bridge connecting the two structures was also designed to act as a emergency escape in the case of terroristic attacks and fires • Pinnacles on top of the towers – design to represent islamic culture • The use of glass windows • Strive for the tallest building and originality
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  • 11. Time • The construction was estimated to take 8 years, however there was an eight month delay • It was completed in 6 years, two years under what was predicted • It was vital that the building was constructed to the management plan, as it would cost $700,000 per day after the deadline
  • 12. Planning • The Construction site was chosen: Kuala Lumpur Race Track Cesar Pelli’s designs for the towers were rejected by the Prime Minister, as they weren’t „Malaysian enough”, meaning that they didn’t represent Islam sufficiently • The Prime Minister begun to re-design the floor plan for the building, changing it to two interlocking squares, creating a shape of eight-pointed stars, which symbolize the islamic principles of „unity within unity, harmony, stability, and rationality” • During the planning stage the cost estimation is determined. The Malaysian budget only allowed for 6 years of construction • Additionaly, the planning stage is the final „green light” for the project to commence
  • 13. Execution • During the execution stage, the scope and schedule are identified and determined • The schedule allowed for 4 days of construction per floor, it initially took 8 day, they had to construct uninterrupted, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week • Construction began in early 1993
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  • 16. Execution • A site establishment is conducted during this stage, however, the engineers discovered that there had never been a proper analysis of the site, the site came to a standstill • Geologist looked for bedrock, but found that the site was on declayed limestone and on the edge of cliff • The site was proposed to be moved 60 meters onto the softer ground, were they could build their own bedrock consisting of concrete • The sky bridge connecting the two towers was design for emergency purposes, such as a terrorist attack, fires, and other emergencies
  • 17. Constrains • The not suitable bedrock (foundation) • A lack of steel • The concrete was not suitable, too soft • They had to create a new form od concrete that acted the same as steel; strong with a degree of flexibility • Flooring was time consuming
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  • 20. Issues during construction • Issue One – The foundation slab If the concrete dried unevenly, the slab would crack, thus seriously weaken the ability to support the building above. Therefore, they decided to pour the concrete all at the once, scheduling concrete trucks to arrive every 2,5 minutes for 52 hours, without a break
  • 21. Issues during construction • Issue Two – The weather The Malaysian weather is susceptible to torrential rain, this is also problematic to the slab, as the concrete can get too wet, and become ruined. They covered the entire slab with canvas, the equivalent to 56 circus tents
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  • 24. Closing • During the final stage of construction the pinnacles were constructed and placed on top of the towers, completing the record for the tallest tower • Construction was completed in 1996, therefore reaching the 6 year deadline, with days to spare
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  • 26. Sources: Pictures and informations • http://www.worldfortravel.com/2013/01/14/ petronas-twin-towers-malaysia/ • http://www.kiat.net/towers/reality.html • http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- ospMzvVIPl0/T6Jhqf7t1BI/AAAAAAAAAHE/3P gggM0kqE4/s1600/A012- 00571_Heavy_reinforcement_in_concrete_col umns_for_the_two_Petronas_towers_during_ construction_in_Kuala_Lum.jpg
  • 27. Sources: Pictures and informations • https://prezi.com/weeiw2lccw68/the- petronas-twin-towers-project-lifecycle/# • http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01- 01/fireworks-explode-above-petronas- towers/3754088
  • 28. Thank you for your attention 