The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Each tower is 88 stories and 451.9 meters tall. They are connected by a skybridge on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest two-story bridge in the world. The towers were designed with influences from Islamic architecture and cost over $1.6 billion to construct over six years. Special features include high-strength concrete, 29 high-speed elevators, and a tapered spire atop each tower.

1. HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS

2. INTRODUCTION
P e t r o n a s t w i n t o w e r s , K u a l a
L u m p u r , M a l a y s i a ,
• The Petronas Towers also known as the Petronas Twin Towers or KLCC Twin Towers,
are a pair of 88-storey supertall skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, standing at
451.9 metres (1,483 feet).
• According to the COUNCIL ON TALL BUILDINGS AND CONCRETE SURROUNDINGS
ranking, they were the tallest buildings within the world from 1998 to 2004 and
remain the tallest twin towers within the world. So the project site is
well situated within the heart of the business district of the town, the golden triangle.
• The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st
and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world.
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3. SITE AND
SURROUNDING
• Located within the golden triangle of Malaysian capital
(a site that’s center geographically and additionally
graphically).
• Within the previous few decades, KL has been growing
at an amazing rate and undergone several changes
because of economic prosperity, dynamic fashion, and
land pressures within the town, these changes arise to
the golden triangle.
• As a result, the economic boom years the 1970s and
1980 created the world terribly engaging for
developers and speculators.
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4. PLANNING AND DESIGN
• The towers describe ancient motifs of Muslim art, conformity to the
Malaysian Muslim heritage, combined with innovative technology.
Therefore the looks were impressing by characteristics of Muslim
design like repetitive geometries.
• The interior motifs are designed to resemble Malaysia’s local
handicrafts and weaving patterns, with a stunning combination of
stainless steel and glass finishing on the building to form beautiful
Islamic patterns.
• The design of each tower floor plate is based on simple Islamic
geometric forms of two interlocking squares, creating a shape of an
eight-pointed star.
• Architecturally, these forms represent the important Islamic principles
of unity, harmony, stability and rationality.
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6. CONSTRUCTION
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7. CONSTRUCTION
• The construction of PETRONAS Twin Towers took 6 years and costed the country a
fortune of over RM 6 billion (USD $1.6 billion) to complete.
• Built with 899,000 ft² of stainless-steel extrusions, the building was surprisingly void
of heat and UV rays, thanks to the addition of 590,000 ft² of lamination glass over the
surface of the skyscraper which would require 2 whole months just to clean each and
every single glass panel.
• Both towers are 'intelligent' structures, built with a system that seamlessly and
simultaneously coordinates telecommunications, environment control, power supply,
lighting, fire and smoke control, and building security.
• Each building is supported by 16 large columns around its perimeter, which, along
with the rest of the frame, are made of high-strength, steel-reinforced concrete rather
than of structural steel; the exterior sheathing consists of stainless steel and glass.
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8. STRUCTURE DESIGN
• Cast-in-situ concrete is employed in deep
friction pin foundations.
• Also the continuous cap/mat beneath
every tower. Structural steel is employing
for long-span typical floor beams.
• In addition, concrete is employing in
foundations, within the central core
stabilizer beams link core and perimeter
at levels thirty-eight to forty for additional
potency.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
• Each tower is supporting by a hoop of
sixteen cylindrical columns on the inner
corners of an angular setup.
• As every tower ascends, it sets back vi
times. Columns square measure slanting
inward over 3 stories.
• Therefore reinforcing bars square
measure adscititious to ring beam’s floor
slabs to resist the lateral thrust. Which is
like a type of soft tube.
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9. FOUNDATION
• Skyscrapers need strong, deep foundations that penetrate into the ground below.
Given the tremendous height of the towers, the PETRONAS Twin Towers have a
ground-breaking 120 meters (approx. 400 ft.) of solid foundation underneath its dense
concrete footings. Foundations were completed in 12 months.
• Irregular bedrock at a lower place the location. Perimeter diaphragm walls 2′ 6″ thick.
• Underground forest of friction piles providing bigger distribution of the towers weight.
• 2 raft foundations, 15′ thick, containing 13,000 humor of concrete. 300,000 metric
loads of each tower cover concrete slab or mat anchored to soil, not bed rock.
• 208 pin piles, rectangular 9ft x 4ft, 197ft to 380ft management subsidence. The
towers rest on RCC foundation mat poured over piles.
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10. CENTRE CORE
• Its central core in every tower, accommodate – lifts,
exit stairs, Mechanical services
• And extremely bolstered thick corner walls resist wind
• The outer walls thickness 750 to 350 millimeter
• Central core in each tower, accommodate – lifts, exit
stairs, mechanical services
• Highly reinforced thick corner walls- resist wind
• Core varies from 22 sqm to 19 x 22 m in four steps
• Inner walls constant 350 mm- to avoid complication
with lift shaft concrete grade drops from 80 -40 mpa
as it accents
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11. MATERIALS
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12. MATERIALS
• More than 60% of the materials utilizing in the project were sourced domestically.
• The Petronas towers’ development marked the primary use of high-strength concrete
in Malaya by native trade, at a comparatively economic value. Native materials, for
example, Malaysian wood, Terengganu granite, marble, and glass were extensively
used.
• However, the parts of the stainless steel protective covering and vision-glass curtain
walls were made up domestically in Malaya by a US firm.
• About 80,000 cubical meters of high-strength concrete with thirty 37,000 loads of
steel were accustomed type the frames of each tower.
• With eighty-eight floors of concrete and steel facade, glass. Which have a complete of
32,000 windows. As a result, the soils have steel frames resting on concrete plates.
Most entrance lobbies and public use square measure embellished with moldings and
reflected glass panels.
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13. ELEVATORS
• PETRONAS Twin Towers include 29
double-decker high-speed passenger lifts,
six heavy-duty service lifts and four
executive lifts.
• Each passenger deck can carry up to 52
people total, while the executive lifts can
carry about ten.
• The speeds of these elevators vary is
between 3.5m/s and 6.0 m/s, depending
on the zones they are servicing.
PINNACLES
• These structures house aircraft warning
lights and external maintenance building
equipment.
• Each pinnacle features a spire with 23
segments, and a ring ball comprised of 14
rings of varying diameters.
• Every tower topped by- seventy-three m
tapering top
• Because of the steep sloping column
• Also concrete construction impractical
• steel used throughout
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14. SKYBRIDGE
• Weighing 750 tons, the double-decker skybridge acts as the connector between the
two towers on the Level 41 and 42. Interestingly, the skybridge is not fully attached to
the main building - engineers deliberately designed the skybridge this way to give
allowance for small movements during high winds and other unpleasant weathers.
This prevents the bridge from breaking away from the towers. The bridge measures
170m (558 ft) above the ground and 58.4m (192 ft) long.
• Also, a ‘two-hinge arch’ springing from supports at level twenty-nine and rising at
sixty-three degrees to support a try of parallel two-span continuous bridge girders at
level forty-one.
• As a result the two-hinge arch supporting the bridge has motion pins at the top of
every leg or ‘spring purpose and at the highest or ‘crown’ of the arch, most bridge
girders have a motion pin directly over the arch crown to allow the crown to rise and
fall because the towers move nearer or additional apart.
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15. EXTERIOR
• Each Tower is set back five times in its
ascent to maintain the vertical axis and
tapering of the design.
• The walls of the uppermost floors are also
sloped inward to taper and meet the
pinnacle.
• Vision Glass, specialised panels with light
filtering and noise reduction properties,
provide a comfortable inner environment.
• The glass is covered by stainless steel
visors to further protect visitors from the
tropical sun.
INTERIOR
• The designs and patterns that line the
entrance halls' foyer reflect Malaysia’s
traditional handicrafts and 'songket', or
weaving.
• The wall panels and screens are also
inspired by hardwood carvings from the
East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
• The floor designs are based on intricate
motifs of 'pandan' weavings and 'bertam'
palm wall mattings.
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16. THANK YOU
GORESH SAINI I JAYA VERMA
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